2022届高考英语人教版一轮学案：基础语法课（1）——名词、冠词 WORD版含答案.doc

1、基础语法课(1)名词、冠词语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑名词的类别和用法。Born on August 23, 1988 in America， Jeremy ShuHow Lin is a professional basketball player who was on the Huston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). But, to some degree, many Chinese fans and coaches take him as a Chinese guy or at least ar

2、e willing to imagine him a Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China. Jeremy Lin has recently become a success and attracted the worlds attention, which gives Chinese people a lot of imagination and pride.As we know, in most peoples eyes, Jeremy is a mirac

3、le.In June, 2012, when Jeremy took his third trip to China, a large crowd came to meet him, among whom there were various fans including some families， some children and even some women players. They brought cameras to take photos with their idol. Jeremy had fun with his supporters and expected to c

4、ome back again.用法体悟(1)为专有名词，其中是由普通名词构成的专有名词；(2)处为名词作定语，修饰中心名词player；(3)处of the National Basketball Association与处的worlds为名词所有格形式，无生命名词的所有格一般用“of名词”表示，有生命的人或物的所有格则用“名词s”表示；(4)为可数名词的复数形式。名词变复数，一般情况下直接加s，如；以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词加es，如；以辅音字母y结尾的，改y为i再加es，如；以f或者fe结尾的词，改f为v，再加es；以o结尾的单词，一般加s，如，少数加es；另有一些单词或合成名词存在不

5、规则变化，如；(5)处a Chinese在句中作宾语补足语，Chinese在此处为单数名词；另：Chinese单复数同形，类似的有deer, sheep, fish, means, Japanese等；(6)处a success为抽象名词具体化，表示“一位成功人士”；(7)在此表示“人”，为集合名词，表示复数意义，类似的有 cattle(牲畜), police(警察)等；(8)处的imagination与pride为不可数名词，前可以用little, a little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, plenty of, a great deal of, a

6、large amount of等修饰；(9)为抽象名词，没有复数形式，前面不能加冠词a, an；(10)可数名词不可单独出现，要么用其复数形式，要么前加限定词，如文中的a miracle, his third trip, cameras等。系统中整合规则(一)可数名词的复数形式1规则名词的6种复数变化形式变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加smonthmonths以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词在词尾加esglassglassesmatchmatches以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加escountrycountriesfactoryfactories以元音字母y 结尾的名词在词尾直接加shol

7、idayholidaysmonkeymonkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加sphotophotos有些在词尾加espotatopotatoes以f，fe结尾的名词,一般要变f或fe为v再加es,selfselveswolfwolves少数直接加s,beliefbeliefs2可数名词复数的3种不规则变化形式类型例词单复数同形deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss, aircraft, spacecraft, species, fish变内部元音footfeet, toothteeth, mousemice, manmen, womanwomen外

8、来名词mediummedia (媒体)phenomenonphenomena (现象)analysisanalyses (分析)3合成名词复数的2类变化形式(1)若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。passerbypassersby, sisterinlawsistersinlaw, grownupgrownups(2)“man/womann.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如：women engineers。(二)不可数名词1常见的24个不可数名词单词词义单词词义fun乐趣homework家庭作业progress进步equipment

9、设备bread面包wealth财富knowledge知识room空间work工作weather天气music音乐news新闻；消息traffic交通meat肉word消息luck运气advice建议housework家务information信息furniture家具milk牛奶baggage/luggage行李orange橙汁money钱2抽象名词的具体化抽象名词(不可数)具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词)surprise惊讶a surprise一件令人惊讶的事success成功a success一个(件)成功的人(事)honour荣誉an honour受尊敬的人或一种荣誉failure失

10、败a failure一个(件)失败的人(事)beauty美；美丽a beauty美丽的人或事物pleasure乐趣a pleasure一件乐事集训中明晰考点考点1前有冠词、物主代词等限定词时，被修饰的中心词应为名词；在句中作主语、宾语、表语时应考虑名词1(2020全国卷)Chinese New Year is a (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 解析：celebration空前有不定冠词a，故空处应为可数名词单数，所以填 celebration。2(2020全国卷)Fil

11、led with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.解析：curiosity空前为介词 with，故空处应用名词形式作介词的宾语，所以填curiosity。3(2020新高考全国卷)Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 解析：accuracy根据语境和空前的修饰词Historical可知，此处应用名词形式作主语，所以填accuracy。4(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have

12、reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.解析：belief根据空前的a可知，短语leading to后接的是名词作宾语，故本空填believe的名词形式belief。5(2019全国卷)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to

13、 watch, together with the story behind it.解析：competition根据空前的不定冠词an和形容词interesting可知，此处应填compete的名词单数形式competition。6(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析：pollutiondecrease“降低，减少”，后应接名词作宾语，故填pollution。考点2可数名

14、词前如果没有冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词，应用其复数形式表示复数含义1(2018浙江6月高考)Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.解析：dishes此处dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式泛指多种中国菜。2(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people t

15、o avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.解析：crowds根据空格前面的形容词terrible可知此处填名词，crowd表示“人群”，是可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以用名词的复数形式。3(2021合肥模拟)We usually expect Hollywood (hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys.解析：heroeshero是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式泛指好莱坞英雄。4(2021太原模拟)T

16、hey may be too young to tell right from wrong without the guidance of their parents.Some may take illegal (activity)解析：activitiesactivity是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式泛指非法活动。考点3固定用法中的复数名词和不可数名词1(2020全国卷短文改错改编)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with (chopstick)解析：chopstickschopstick意为“筷子”，

17、常以复数形式出现。2(2020全国卷)The far side of the moon is of particular (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side. 解析：interest空处为固定结构“beof抽象名词”，be of particular interestbe particularly interesting，故填名词interest。3(2021开封模拟)Knowing that, my mum and

18、 I made careful (prepare) for the celebration.解析：preparations固定搭配make preparations for“为做准备”中preparation要用复数形式。4(2021济南模拟)But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high (expect) of me.解析：expectationsexpectation表示“期望”时，常用复数。5(2021太原模拟)He has made great (contribute) to the developmen

19、t of our company.解析：contributions“对做贡献”的固定表达：make a contribution to或者make contributions to。考点4名词与其修饰语保持数的一致(1)much, a little, a great deal of等接不可数名词；(2)some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等接复数名词或不可数名词；(3)these, those, several, many, all, both, various, a pair of, a variety of, different或数词等接复数名词；(4)ma

20、ny a接单数名词。1(2019北京高考)No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various (activity) on Earth Day.解析：activities空格前有形容词various修饰，表示“各种各样的活动”，应用复数形式，故填activities。2(2019全国卷短文改错改编)All the football (player) on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.解析：p

21、layersplayer为可数名词，其前有All修饰，应用复数形式。3(2019全国卷短文改错改编)Since I was a kid, Ive considered different (job) I would like to do.解析：jobsjob意为“工作，职位”，是可数名词，且根据前面的形容词different可知，应用复数形式。4(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of r

22、unning reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause)解析：causes此处的cause是可数名词，表示“原因”。根据设空处前的all可知，应该使用复数形式，故填causes。5(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweigh

23、t and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析：effects根据空格前面的some以及空格后面列举的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知，应用effect的复数形式。考点5作主语的名词与谓语动词保持数的一致1(2020浙江1月高考)For Japan, the (number) are more striking 22 in 1950,46 today and 53 in 2050.解析：numbers根据下文的are可知这里应用number的复

24、数形式，故填numbers。2(2016全国卷) Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.解析： studiesRecent是形容词，修饰名词，“Recent ”在句中作主语，根据谓语动词show可知，主语需要用复数形式。3(2016全国卷短文改错改编)The teenage (year) from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.解析：years此处指1319 岁的年龄，且谓语动词用了we

25、re，故用名词复数形式。4(2021湖北部分重点中学联考)My best (memory) of Chinese food were when I first learned to use the chopsticks.解析：memories根据该句中的谓语动词were可知，此处的主语要用名词的复数形式，故填memories，表示“记忆”。考点6名词的数与上下文语境保持一致1(2020浙江7月高考)Later, they learned to work with the (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making

26、 use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.解析：seasons结合语境“他们学习随季节的变化而劳作”可知，一年有四个季节，需用复数形式。故填seasons。2(2018浙江11月高考)One study showed that (woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.解析：women结

27、合“they were pregnant”以及that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词were可知，此处要用woman的复数形式women。3(2021衡阳模拟)We should not be (slave) of money.解析：slaves句意：我们不应该成为金钱的奴隶。根据主语we可知，应用复数名词。4(2021南昌模拟)Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of (adolescent)解析：adolescents句意：专家们希望全社会都来关心青少年的心理健康。根据句意可知，此处泛指“青

28、少年”，应用复数形式，故填adolescents。考点7以s结尾的名词的所有格(1)单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词一般在词尾加s，如：the girls book, Womens Day。以s结尾的复数名词在后面加，如：Teachers Day。(2)用于表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑等的名词时，所有格之后的shop, house, home等常省略。1(2021运城模拟)Since most students are in need of a nap, proper arrangements should be made so that students can have a good re

29、st after a whole (morning) hard work.解析：mornings此处表示“一整个上午的努力学习之后”，应填名词所有格mornings。2(2021济南模拟)To the (girl) surprise, he thrust the flowers into the girls lap.解析：girlsto ones surprise“令某人吃惊的是”，为固定短语，此处要用名词所有格。 3(2021青岛模拟)In two (week) time Bergqvists ice creation will be nothing more than a pool of

30、water.解析：weeks以s结尾的复数名词的所有格只在后面加。4(2021绵阳模拟)When I finally arrived at my (friend) he lent me lots of clothes.解析：friends句意：当我终于到达我朋友家时，他借给我许多衣服。此处表示“朋友的家”，应用friends，其后的home可省略。自测中查漏补缺.单句语法填空1(2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her education (educate)2(2016全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new million

31、aires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction (attract)3(2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479BC., influenced the development (develop) of chopsticks.4(2021日照模拟)Recent studi

32、es (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.5(2021太原模拟)Ecotourism is typically defined as travel to places where the unique plants，animals and cultural heritage are the primary attractions (attraction)6The British have many traditions (tradition) but the

33、re is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea.7Many of these had benefited from the governments special new policies encouraging people to start their own businesses (business)8(2020临沂模拟) There are various types of tea that offer different health benefits (benefit) and flavours.单

34、句改错1I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient. convenientconvenience2Firstly, it is of vital important to have a positive attitude.importantimportance3I restarted to pick up my confident again. confidentconfidence4It is necessary that one should eat various kind

35、of healthy food, such as fish, eggs, vegetables and fruits. kindkinds5By the way, after the contest, I am to drop in at your universities to visit you. universitiesuniversity6Some sellers were shouting at the top of their voice to attract peoples attentions.attentionsattention7To my great joys, Mary

36、 took good care of me.joysjoy8Why not come and join us if you want to know more informations about our future space school? informationsinformation.语法填空(2021武汉质检)What makes the sea turn red and causes thousands of fish to die? As far back as anyone could remember, the blame was placed on the “red ti

37、des”. In 1947, scientists finally connected the red tides with a microscopic sea organism (有机体) 1 (call) the dinoflagellate (沟鞭毛藻)The dinoflagellate is so tiny 2 many of these organisms may be contained in 3 single drop of water. It stands on the borderline between plants and animals in its classifi

38、cation. It produces its own food, as plants do. But it moves 4 ( free ) and eats other organisms, as animals do.Dinoflagellates are normally only one of the many kinds of organisms found in plankton. Plankton is the name given to all very small 5 (form) of sea life. However, when the air and water 6

39、 ( be ) calm and warm, dinoflagellates multiply at 7 (amaze) speed. The surface of the water appears 8 (cover) with a red carpet.The dinoflagellates give off a poison. Many fish die. Their bodies are washed up on the beach. Beaches are not fit 9 any use. Fish that are not killed may become 10 (poiso

40、n) to animals or people who eat them.Commercial fishing comes to a stop.As dinoflagellates consume all the food and oxygen in an area, they die. After a time, the sea returns to normal. But when conditions are right, the red tide comes again.语篇解读：沟鞭毛藻是一种极其微小的生物，它们释放毒气，导致大量的鱼类中毒死亡，繁盛时会造成海水变红，形成“赤潮”。1

41、called考查非谓语动词。此处表示该有机体被称作沟鞭毛藻，故应用过去分词called。2that考查固定用法。此处考查“so .that .”引导结果状语从句，表示“如此以至于”。3a考查冠词。“drop”为可数名词，此处初次提到且表示泛指，又single的发音以辅音音素开头，故要用不定冠词a。4freely考查词形转换。修饰动词moves要用副词，故填freely。5forms考查名词复数。form在此意为“种类”，为可数名词；根据空前的“all”可知，此处要用名词复数形式。6are考查主谓一致和时态。从句的主语为“the air and water”，表示两种物质，故从句的谓语动词要用复

42、数形式；又此处陈述的为客观情况，故用一般现在时，故填are。7amazing考查形容词。此处应用形容词amazing修饰名词speed，表示“令人惊讶的速度”。8to be covered考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定用法appear to do sth.“似乎要做某事”，且由语境可知，此处表示水面似乎被“红毯”覆盖，故要用动词不定式的被动形式。9for考查介词。be fit for意为“适合”，为固定搭配。10poisonous考查形容词。become为连系动词，后应接形容词作表语，故填poisonous。.短文改错To support the activity name “Green Tra

43、vel, Start with Me”， I talk to my parents about my ideas. They were very supportive, say they would not drive work from then on. In the following weeks，as they promised, I went to school by bike every day, while my parents went to work by bus. Though we were tired, but we all felt happily. Last Frid

44、ay, the class meeting was held. Some parents were invited, including my father and mother. We shared our thought during the meeting. All of us held the same view which environmental protection is so important for our life.答案：第一句：namenamed; talktalked第二句：saysaying; drive后加to第三句：theywe第四句：去掉but; happi

45、lyhappy第五句：thea第七句：thoughtthoughts第八句：whichthat语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑冠词的具体用法。Tom, a classmate of mine, is a Lei Feng in our class, who is always ready to help others. Henry, whose father is a teacher， is considered to be the most diligent student in our class, who is the first one to get to school an

46、d the last one to leave every day. He believes the harder you study, the more knowledge youll get. Tom likes watching TV while Henry enjoys listening to the radio. Both of them are working for the Students Union. They are of an age and I am a year older than they are.We are good friends because we h

47、ave a lot in common. First of all, the three of us were born in the 1990s. Secondly, we all like playing the violin and love sports. We play football twice a week even if we are now in Senior Grade Three. Thirdly, we not only respect teachers and the elderly but also care for the disabled. For examp

48、le, we often go to a village near our school to look after the Browns， both of whom were lamed in an accident. I remember that on a Saturday afternoon we chatted with the Browns so happily that we didnt go back home until the sun set.用法体悟1使用不定冠词的情况：(1)泛指“一个”，如；(2)表示“一个像一样的人”，如；(3)职业名词前，表示类别，如；(4)表示数

49、量“一”，如，“每一”，如，“某一” 如；(5)用于固定搭配中，如。2使用定冠词的情况：(1)用于形容词最高级前，如；(2)用于序数词或表示序列的next, last前，如；(3)用于固定句式中：the比较级 .，the比较级 .，如；(4)用于固定搭配中，如；(5)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词中，如；(6)用于逢十的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”，如；(7)用于西洋乐器名词前，表示演奏某乐器，如；(8)用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人，如；(9)用于姓氏复数名词前，表示夫妇或一家人，如；(10)用于独一无二的事物前，如。系统中整合规则(一)不定冠词 表示类指或某类中的“任何一个”。A chi

50、ld not only needs food and clothing, but love as well.表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词；或由不定冠词构成的名词词组往往带有不确定的含义，相当于a certain；或专有名词前加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。I have a question to ask you.In a sense what you said is true.All of a sudden, she burst into tears.Experts think that the recently di

51、scovered painting may be a Picasso.表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数量概念没有one强烈。Suddenly they heard a loud voice.表示“每”，相当于per，用在表示价格、速度、频率等的短语中。Prices start at 13.95 a yard for printed cotton.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，使之具体化。表示“一个的人或事”。He suddenly appeared on a rainy night, which was a great surprise to us.不定冠词用于序数词前，表示“再一，

52、又一”。Live a good, honorable life.Then when you get older and think back, youll get to enjoy it a second time.(二)定冠词用在表示特定的人或事物，或者双方都知道的人或事物，或者指上文已经提到过的人或事物之前。Take your time its just a short distance from here to the restaurant.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。The earth goes around the sun.用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。Is this the

53、first time that you have visited Qingdao？用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妇俩；或用于形容词或分词前，表示“某一类人或事物”。The explosion saw people rush to help the injured.用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。Its said that corn was grown a lot in the 17th century.(三)零冠词(不用冠词的情况)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。He is living in Canada now.季节、

54、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词。We usually have breakfast at 7 oclock in the morning.语言、学科名称、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。Im interested in English.表示头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语、补足语或与姓氏连用时，其前通常不用冠词。Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.”系动词turn(变成)后的单数名词作表语不

55、用冠词。His brother has turned writer.as/though引导让步状语从句，单数可数名词提前构成倒装时，其前不用冠词。Hero as/though he is, he has some shortcomings.(四)冠词用于固定搭配中不定冠词用于固定搭配中an average of平均 for a while一会儿as a result因此，结果 as a rule 通常as a whole总体上 as a matter of fact事实上at a loss不知所措 in a hurry匆忙in a word总之 in a sense在某种意义上定冠词用于固定搭

56、配中all the time一直 in the end 最后by the way顺便说一下 in the distance在远处in the way挡道 on the whole总的来说at the same time同时 on the other hand另一方面to tell the truth说实话 for the time being暂时零冠词用于固定搭配中at present目前take part in参加in peace平静 by chance/accident碰巧on purpose故意 on business因公出差ahead of time提前 in advance提前by

57、law根据法律 by mistake错误地集训中明晰考点考点1泛指一类人或事物中的一个用不定冠词a/an；a/an的选择要看后面单词音标的第一个音素1(2020全国卷短文改错改编)For example, every morning, my dad has to have bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple.解析：a此处泛指一碗鸡蛋汤。2(2020浙江1月高考)A child born in the US today has very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to p

58、lan accordingly.解析：a根据下文的chance可知，这里语意表示“非常实际的一个可能性”，故填不定冠词a，表示泛指。3(2019全国卷)When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was joke.解析：a此处表示“我们以为那是一个玩笑”，设空后的joke为可数名词，此处泛指“一个玩笑”，应用不定冠词，且joke的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。4(2019全国卷短文改错改编)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and unique style.解析：

59、astyle为可数名词，此处泛指一种独特的风格，且unique的读音以辅音音素开头，其前应用不定冠词a。5(2021河南八市联考)Peter Fox, who is electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project.解析：an泛指一个电气工程师，且electrical的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。考点2特指前面提到过的或谈话双方都知道的人或事物用定冠词the1(2019全国卷) Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are de

60、clining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.解析：the此处特指“已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填定冠词the。 2(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over top.解析：thetop是名词，前面要用冠词，此处特指在(地铁的)顶部建造一个结实的顶，所以填定冠词the。3(2021哈尔滨模拟)The Chinese people are more

61、confident about and more capable of reaching goal of national renewal than ever before.解析：the此处特指“实现民族复兴”这一目标，应用定冠词the。 4(2021重庆模拟)After taking a boat I arrived at island province of Hainan.解析：the名词island province有后置定语修饰，故该名词是特指，应用定冠词the。考点3定冠词the的一些固定用法(1)最高级前用the；(2)序数词前用the；(3)独一无二的事物名称前用the；(4)在

62、表示演奏某种乐器时，西洋乐器前要加the，如play the piano弹钢琴；(5)形容词前加the表示一类人；(6)世纪或逢十的年代前用the；(7)固定句式“the比较级 . the比较级”中用the。 1(2020全国卷)The plum trees are first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化)解析：the序数词前用定冠词the。2(2021河南八市联考)If you are a new mother suffering from postnatal depression, you should know that you a

63、re not alone.Other women have had same experience.解析：thesame前要加定冠词the。3(2021惠州模拟) more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.解析：The句意：一个人越博学，通常就变得越谦逊。根据句子结构可判断，此句使用了“the形容词/副词比较级 .，the形容词/副词比较级 .”结构，意为“越，就越”。4(2021江淮十校联考)Modem adverts began to appear in 18th and 19th centuries, since

64、advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images to be produced in newspapers and magazines.解析：the在世纪或逢十的年代前要用定冠词the，此处表示“在18世纪和19世纪”。考点4固定搭配中的冠词1(2020浙江7月高考)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then, with rise of science, changes began.解析：thewith the rise of意为“随着的崛起”，是固定短语

65、。类似的结构有：with the development of。2(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.解析：the固定搭配over the past 25 years意为“在过去的25年里”，故用定冠词the。3(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.解

66、析：theat the top of ones lungs为固定搭配，意为“用最大的声音，声嘶力竭地”。4(2017全国卷)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.解析：aas a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。自测中查漏补缺.单句语法填空1(2021双流中学模拟)Many teenagers

67、 think that parkour is quite a cool sport.2(2021六安模拟)“My wallet is no longer in use.I can buy and eat whatever I want with a tap of my phone，”said Li Jinlong, an overseas Chinese student from Cambodia.3(2021临沂模拟)The 46yearold professor of fine art at Tsinghua University has been working to make orac

68、le bone inscriptions into emojis.4The students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling that they helped people in need.5Huge wall paintings, sculptures and priceless antiques were carried away by the ton, and today are being exhibited in the museums of a dozen countries.6This money

69、 is then used to have a big welcome party in the midnight time.7(2020益阳模拟)What Naomi found was an ancient fossil called an ammonite (菊石)8(2020绵阳模拟)Anyone can make a difference.It doesnt matter how old or young you are.单句改错1Some mentioned the inspiring Chinese Dream put forward.And the others talked

70、enthusiastically about their understanding of the Chinese Dream.去掉others前的the2Step by step I followed him and finally climbed to a top of the mountain.athe3What a bad weather! I hate it because I cant go out to play.去掉a4In word, people have an easier life nowadays.word前加a5What silly boy! I felt badl

71、y hurt.silly前加a661% of the students surveyed turn to their friends or schoolmates for help when they are in the trouble.去掉trouble前的the7But I will have some duties too, because my grandparents often need the hand with housework and gardening.thea8Tomorrow she is going to attend a important meeting, a

72、t which she will be given a medal for her advanced deeds.第一个aan .语法填空(2021南昌高三模拟)Many athletes have been told that smiling while 1 (sweat) will make their efforts feel easier. A marathon runner smiled widely through the final miles of his fastestever marathon; afterward, he said what he had hoped 2

73、(be) that the smiling would relax him to the finish line. But there has been little solid scientific evidence to support this idea. In recent years several studies 3 (examine) whether deliberately smiling can make changes to how people feel psychologically during races. 4 few have looked at the phys

74、ical effect 5 sports performance.Researchers decided 6 (gather) a group of experienced runners and have them alternately smile broadly as they ran. Many of the runners found it difficult to smile throughout the whole session, though. Their smiles became 7 (increase) fixed and unnatural. Such false s

75、miles make 8 (few) facial muscles (肌肉) start working than the sincere version and most likely result in less 9 (relax) and performance improvement. So the key to using a happy smile to make you 10 better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a races end, but in 30second bursts, rather than

76、 constantly.语篇解读：文章主要介绍了运动时微笑的作用以及如何微笑效果更好。1sweating考查动名词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，空处与smiling为同时发生的动作，表示出着汗微笑着，故填sweating。2was 考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，其主语为“what he had hoped”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；且根据该句中的“said”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was。3have examined考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语In recent years可知，应该用现在完成时，且主语“several studies”为复数，故填have ex

77、amined。4But考查连词。根据空后的“few”可知，此处表转折，故填But。5on考查介词。此处考查固定搭配effect on sth.“对的影响”。6to gather考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定用法decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，所以用to gather。7increasingly考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故用副词increasingly修饰其后的“fixed and unnatural”。8fewer考查比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，此处表示比较的含义，故用比较级fewer。9relaxation考查名词。由该空后的“and”可知，空处与名词词组perfo

78、rmance improvement并列，故填名词relaxation。10a考查冠词。此处表示使你成为一个更好的赛跑运动员，且better的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。.短文改错With our activity approach, Im now writing to invite you to join us.Here are some detail about it.The activity will be organized to a farm from 9：00 am to 2：00 pm the next Sunday.What we had to do is gather tog

79、ether at the school gate at 8：30 am.We are expected to pay a visit to the farm first.After that we will enjoy picking vegetables by ourself.We also have the opportunity to look after animals for a while, without that I will be disappointing because of my passion for animals.Knowing that youre really into nature, I believe you will definite have an good time.答案：第一句：approachapproaching第二句：detaildetails 第三句：第二个toon; 去掉next前的the第四句：hadhave第六句：ourselfourselves第七句：thatwhich; disappointingdisappointed第八句：definitedefinitely; ana