2022版高考英语一轮复习 专题十八 完形填空方法集训（含解析）.docx

1、专题十八完形填空【考情探究】卷名语篇类型语篇主题词数难度命题角度主题语境主题语境内容动词(短语)名词形容词、副词其他词类2020新高考记叙文人与自然环境保护230中5730新高考记叙文人与自我优秀品行213中9420课标全国夹叙夹议人与自我完善自我284中6851课标全国记叙文人与社会文化遗产307中114502019课标全国记叙文人与自然环境保护252难8750课标全国记叙文人与社会良好的人际关系277中95512018课标全国夹叙夹议人与自我学棋悟道258难8840课标全国记叙文人与自我父巧救子265中93712017课标全国记叙文人与自我爱上美式手语254难10640课标全国记叙文人与自

2、我特殊的礼物269中98302016课标全国记叙文人与社会救助翻倒汽车的司机226难7544课标全国记叙文人与社会闻声不如见面236中6482总计9769559占比42%30%24%4%分析解读【命题规律】1.近五年高考完形填空体裁以记叙文为主,以夹叙夹议、说明文为辅,主题语境涵盖人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题语境。 其内容包括人物故事,生活与学习、环境保护,做人与做事、社会进步与人际沟通等很多方面的范畴。文章侧重于通过记叙和细致描写反映人物的心理活动变化,传达正能量,并兼有教育性和启迪性。2.考点设置以实词为主,其中对动词、名词以及形容词的考查数量最多,题目把上下文语境理解放在第一位,

3、词汇运用等放在第二位。【命题趋势】1.未来高考完形填空可能会继续以记叙文为主,文章选材传递“正能量”,引导学生树立正确的人生观和价值观。2.所设选项具有干扰性和迷惑性,直接根据语法和固定搭配就能选出答案的题目越来越少,设空与语境的联系更加密切。【真题探秘】真题再现Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1. He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age

4、.When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5, the number of snakes had declined as well.He 6 that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the 7.

5、The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.11 young plants in the dry season

6、 was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip (滴落) on the plants below.Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally

7、-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 1.A.dreamB.jobC.homeD.choice2.A.natureB.youthC.cultureD.knowledge3.A.preciousB.interestingC.disturbingD.awkward4.A.wasteB.tensionC.painD.damage5.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise6.A.agreedB.realizedC.rememberedD.predicted7.A.noiseB.

8、heatC.diseaseD.dust8.A.directionsB.partnersC.helpD.shelter9.A.laborB.policeC.forestD.finance10.A.rebuiltB.discoveredC.leftD.managed11.A.DecoratingB.ObservingC.WateringD.Guarding12.A.toughB.illegalC.fantasticD.beneficial13.A.backB.topC.footD.side14.A.cool downB.keep offC.purifyD.collect15.A.returnedB

9、.learnedC.failedD.continued【素养解读】本文主题语境内容为环境保护,旨在引导学生增强环保意识,积极参与社会实践活动。【语篇解读】一场水灾使一片有着鸟语花香的湿地变得荒芜,莫莱用了37年的时间植树造林,使这里重新成为动植物的家园。【重点词汇】1.decline /dklan/v.减少;下降2.solution /slun/n.解决办法3.seek /sik/v.寻求;谋求;争取4.result in导致;造成【难句分析】Molai built at the top of each sapling a bamboo platform, where he placed ea

10、rthen pots with small holes to collect rainwater.莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。本句为主从复合句。句中where引导定语从句,修饰先行词platform,where在从句中作地点状语;介词短语with small holes作定语,修饰名词pots;不定式to collect rainwater作目的状语。【高效解题】1.C考查名词。莫莱在印度的一个小村庄长大,这个村庄坐落在一些湿地附近,那里成为他的第二个家园(home)。 A:梦,梦想;B:工作;D:选择。2.A考查名词。句意:他很小就认识到了

11、那里大自然(nature)的价值和美丽。B:青年,青春;C:文化;D:知识。3.C考查形容词。句意:当他16岁的时候,莫莱开始注意到他家的周围发生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。由下文可知,洪水破坏了此地的自然环境,使动物在湿地上无法生存,所以令人不安。A:宝贵的;B:有趣的;D:令人尴尬的,笨拙的。4.D考查名词。句意:那年早些时候,一场洪水袭击了该地区,造成的破坏(damage)使许多鸟类被迫离开。A:废物;B:紧张;C:痛苦。5.A考查副词。句意:此外(besides),蛇的数量也下降了。B:然而;C:所以;D:否则。6.B考查动词。句意:他意识到(realize)这是因为

12、没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温。A:同意;C:记得,记住;D:预料。7.B考查名词。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温(heat)。由上文可知水灾破坏了湿地的植被,毁坏了湿地的自然环境,使动物在白天因为太热无处藏身。A:噪音;C:疾病;D:灰尘。8.D考查名词。句意:当然,解决办法是种树,以便这些动物可以在白天寻求庇护(shelter)。A:方向;B:伙伴,搭档;C:帮助。9.C考查名词。句意:他向森林(forest)部门寻求帮助,但被告知那里什么都不会生长。A:劳动;B:警察;D:金融。10.B考查动词。句意:然而,莫莱独自去看了看,发现(discover)了附近的一个

13、岛屿,在那里他开始种树。 A:重建;C:离开,剩下;D:经营,管理。11.C考查非谓语动词。句意:在旱季浇灌(watering)幼小的植物对一个孤单的男孩来说是艰难的。A:装饰,点缀;B:观察,遵守;D:保卫,守护。12.A考查形容词。句意:在旱季浇灌幼小的植物对一个孤单的男孩来说是艰难的(tough)。B:违法的;C:极好的,怪诞的;D:有益的。13.B考查名词。句意:莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部(top)建造了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶罐来收集雨水。A:背面,后面;C:底部;D:侧面。14.D考查动词及动词短语。句意:莫莱在每棵幼树的顶部建造了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小孔的陶

14、罐来收集(collect)雨水。A:变凉;B:不接近;C:使纯净,净化。15.D考查动词。莫莱在接下来的37年里继续(continue)植树,他的努力已经使得1,360英亩自然生长的土地成为许多植物和动物的家园。A:回来;B:学习;C:衰退,失败。【解题秘钥】1.树立语境意识。完形填空本质上考查学生对篇章的“完意”能力,命题时往往从三个层面考查语境理解的能力:对文章整体(文章中心主线和整体结构)的把握和理解;对上下文或句子之间关系的把握和理解;对句子结构和意义的把握和理解。无论是句内层次题、句组层次题还是语篇层次题,做题时一定要瞻前顾后,上贯下连,根据线索,综合决断。2.掌握常用方法。建议大家

15、采用“三遍做题法”:通读全文,把握主旨(抓住关键词,理清“情节线”和“情感线”);上下求索,由易到难(先完成容易的题目,再借助补全信息扫除“钉子户”);复读全文,微调答案。【方法集训】一、完形微练1.These tell the story of a mother whose baby growsand pale and has changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents. A.sickB.slimC.shortD.small答案A 2.Edgar Allan Poe, whose life was short

16、 and seemingly unhappy, wrote stories and poems of mystery, , insanity(疯狂) and death. A.happinessB.scienceC.societyD.terror答案D3.The poverty(贫困) was worse than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many and cried. A.gave up B.brok

17、e downC.set offD.held on 答案B4.Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies(仙女). Not all of theseare the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and. A.babiesB.believersC.fairiesD.supermen答案C5

18、.Intellectual property (IP) (知识产权) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. A.holdsB.datesC.setsD.turns答案B6.On April 12, 1888, Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper mistook

19、his brother for him and carried an article the death of Alfred Nobel. “The merchant of death is dead,” the article read. A.introducingB.announcingC.implyingD.advertising答案B二、完形填空I was recently involved in a bad traffic accident. I was knocked unconscious by the impact so I dont 1 anything about the

20、accident. My first memory is being given oxygen as the doctors and nurses tried to 2 me back to life.As I lay in the emergency room, I found myself 3my life and thanking God that I was still 4.The good news is that nobody else was5.Since that day, the physical recovery has been 6but not as tough as

21、the emotional recovery. Ive learned a lot about myself and about what really7in this world. Things that are really important are not “things”. Im not invincible(无敌的)and I cannot8everything that happens in my life. I need to be better at 9the things that come into my way that I didnt plan for. As som

22、eone who was always in a 10,I was taught to slow down a little. I have learned to live each day honestly and 11.12I continue to heal physically and emotionally,I have a different opinion on 13.When tragedy strikes,you can either let it 14your spirit,or use it as an opportunity to grow. I have chosen

23、 to 15from it. 1.A.receiveB.rememberC.mentionD.care2.A.bringB.hitC.payD.answer3.A.sacrificingB.predictingC.analyzingD.mourning4.A.wealthyB.aliveC.optimisticD.healthy5.A.threatenedB.informedC.ignoredD.hurt6.A.difficultB.smoothC.quickD.stable7.A.worksB.happensC.mattersD.functions8.A.understandB.contro

24、lC.identifyD.oversee9.A.rejectingB.identifyingC.improvingD.accepting10.A.hurryB.dilemmaC.routineD.mess11.A.comfortablyB.quietlyC.fullyD.busily12.A.AsB.BeforeC.UnlessD.Although13.A.loveB.futureC.workD.life14.A.liftB.breakC.protectD.show15.A.sufferB.escapeC.discoverD.learn答案语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文章,主题语境为人与自我,主题语境内容为积极的生活态度。文章主要讲述了作者从一起严重车祸中幸存下来,认识到自己并不能控制生活中发生的每一件事,所以需要更好地接受那些没有计划到的事情。1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D6.A7.C8.B9.D10.A11.C12.A13.D14.B15.D