2021年高考真题——英语（北京卷） WORD版含答案.doc

1、2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷英语本试卷共11页，共100分考试时长90分钟考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Recently，I took a trip home by trainI got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept 1 a young woman in a w

2、indow seat with a little boy on her lapThe womans eye fell on the mans face，and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarfAs the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 The woman looked over at the m

3、anHe was still staring at herShe looked back at him with fire in her eyesI was beginning to get 4 ，tooThe train moved onThe little boy was 5 awake on his mothers lap，but the woman dropped off to sleepA moment later，he began to 6 the half-open windowone leg went over itThe man jumped up and 7 the chi

4、ld just before he fell outThe 8 woke up the womanShe seemed to be in 9 ，and then reality dawned （显现）“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her. “So I have been watching the whole time”The woman was 10 ，and so was I1. A. g

5、uiding B. bothering C. watching D. monitoring2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved3. A. air B. joy C. space D. rest4. A. nervous B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappointed5. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. even6. A. drag B. climb C. knock D. push7. A. grabbed B. rocked C. touched D. picked8. A.

6、alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. noise9. A. sorrow B. relief C. panic D. pain10. A. astonished B. confused C. concerned D. inspired第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空请在答题卡指定区域作答AWhy do we dream？Scientists arent completely sure，and they have diverse 11 （idea

7、）Dreams might be a side effect of memory makingWhen you sleep，your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 （connect） things，your brain tums them into a story，and you get a dreamBSam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live

8、 streams himself just going about his dayWhile riding his bike home 14 a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herselfThe poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about 15 she livedSam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （sa

9、fe） wait for the police to take her homeCThere 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years， 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United NationsFrom 2000 to 2019，there were7,348 major natural disasters around th

10、e world， 19 （result） in USD2,970 billion in economic lossMuch of this increase can be due to climate changeThe findings show a critical need 20 （invest）in disaster prevention.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AIf you are planning to start a career in

11、the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship（实习） at UNESCO will be ideal for youWho can apply？l You have completed your full-time university studies；orl You are studying in a graduate program for a masters degreel Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of

12、 their studies in a technical institutionWhat are the requirements？l You must be at least 20 years oldl You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or Frenchl You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related softwarel You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an internat

13、ional working environmentl You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skillsWhat do you need to prepare？l Visa：You should obtain the necessary visasl Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internshipl Medical insurance：You must

14、show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internshipUNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship periodl Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to workl M

15、otivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application formYour application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six monthsWe do not respond to every candidateIf selected，you will be contacted by a managerIf you do not receiv

16、e any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful21. According to this passage，applicants are required to_A. hold a masters degree in scienceB. have international work experienceC. be fluent in either English or FrenchD. present a letter from a technical instituti

17、on22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？A. Limited medical insurance coverageB. Training in communication skillsC. A medical certificate for workD. Financial support for travel23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form？A. Contact UNESCO managers B. Get acc

18、ess to the databaseC. Keep a motivation letter at hand D. Work in a team for six monthsBI remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organizationWhen the teacher introduced us to the different organizations tha

19、t needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mindThen，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested meAfter doing some research， I bel

20、ieved that we could really do something for those kidsWhen I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi childrenTheir faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitationWe decided to collect as many school supplies a

21、s possible，and make them into kitsone kit，one childThe most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came togetherWhen I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be i

22、n the hands of an Iraqi childOver the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completedWhile making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind itI had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a g

23、ood grade onWhen the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forgetIn the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another personNow that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but tenWith our ef

24、forts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？A. It would affect his/her initial plansB. It would involve traveling overseasC. It would not bring him/her a good gradeD. It would not live up to his/h

25、er expectations25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？A. Images of Iraqi children B. Research by his/her classmatesC. A teachers introduction D. A representatives comments26. The authors OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to_.A. become OIC volunteer

26、s B. further their educationC. study in foreign countries D. influence other children27. What can we conclude from this passage？A. Ones potential cannot always be underratedB. First impression cannot always be trustedC. Actions speak louder than wordsD. He who hesitates is lostCHundreds of scientist

27、s，writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapseResearchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as“a credible scenario（情景） this century”A survey of scie

28、ntists found that extreme weather events，food insecurity，and freshwater shortages might create global collapseOf course，if you are a non-human species，collapse is well underwayThe call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and

29、economic crises in the worlds most technologically advanced nationsNot very long ago，it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibilityThe international scholars warning letter doesnt say exactly what collapse will

30、 look like or when it might happenCollapseology，the study of collapse，is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilizationAmong the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the“ecological footprint”concept，which measures the total amoun

31、t of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyleWith the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，”Johnson said in an emailOnly if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical

32、limits, the December warning letter says，can we have the hope to reduce their“speed，severity and harm”And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignoredWe all want to hope things will turn out fineAs a poet wrote，Man is a victim of dope （麻醉品）In the incurable form of hopeThe hundre

33、ds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着） on quieting hope that ignores preparedness“Lets look directly into the issue of collapse，”hey say，“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future”28. What does the underlined word“germane”in Par

34、agraph 3 probably mean？A. Scientific B. CredibleC. Original D. Relevant29. As for the public awareness of global collapse，the author is_A. worried B. puzzledC. surprised D. scared30. What can we learn from this passage？A. The signatories may change the biophysical limitsB. The author agrees with the

35、 message of the poemC. The issue of collapse is being prioritizedD. The global collapse is well underwayDEarly fifth-century philosopher StAugustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked himAlbert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on

36、 where you measure itTodays state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein rightEven advanced physics cant decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question youre askingForget about time as an absoluteWhat if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we r

37、elated time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balanceWhat if our definitio

38、n of time reflected that？Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping thats connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warmingWere now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，whi

39、ch are sensitive to local and global environmental changesWeve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rateIf the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard timeIf they run slower，youll see the opposite effectThe

40、clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamicsIts a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phonesAnyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River T

41、ime will live in harmony with the planetAnyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policiesEven if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricult

42、ural societies also connected time to natural phenomenaIn pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of seasonTemporal connection to the environment was vital to their survivalLikewise，river time and other timekee

43、ping systems were developing may encourage environmental awarenessWhen StAugustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined contextAny timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose

44、31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to natureB. Everyone can define time on their own termsC. The qualities of time vary with how you measure itD. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 ma

45、inly to_A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argumentC. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach33. What can we learn from this passage？A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced lifeB. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.C. Atomic time will get

46、ahead of river time if the rivers run slowerD. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers temporal frame34. What can we infer from this passage？A. It is crucial to improve the definition of timeB. A fixed frame will make time meaninglessC. We should live in harmony with natureD. History is a mir

47、ror reflecting reality第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people 35 The mental health benefits from music cant be arguedMusic could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the s

48、cenes 36 However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in painBy distracting （分心） the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower stress and anxiety levelsThis, of course, can lead to less painMany people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed 37 While

49、the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressureSimilarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxietyWhen it comes to hea

50、rt health，there is speculation （推测） that its not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart healthIn one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure 38 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the p

51、articipants stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit 39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuableA. This feeling can also result in many other health p

52、roblemsB. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loudC. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backingD. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleepE. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressiveF. It is also hig

53、hly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxietyG. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题请在答题卡指定区域作答Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the

54、emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erasedThus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them backThere is a difference between arguing and fightingArguing is that you and your opponent present your

55、concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concernsYou can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） angerFighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming outDiscussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down

56、can improve your emotional healthIn a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a rowWhen people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argumentReactivity is an increase in negative emo

57、tions or a decrease in positive emotionsIn other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by halfOne day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument This means that resolving an argument can feel like

58、you have reached a state of resolutionand you are less likely to be annoyedMoreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argumentThis may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined prioritiesYou are more likely to distinguish between what matter

59、s and what does notIt is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome40. According to this passage，what is arguing？41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？42. Please decide which part

60、is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain whyResolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolv

61、ing an argument？ （In about 40 words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1表达歉意并说明原因；2提出建议并给出理由注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数Dear Jim，_Yours，Li Hua2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷)英语参考答案第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30 分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1.C 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A第二节（共10小题；每小

62、题1.5分，共15分）11 ideas 12.that 13.connects 14.on 15.where16.safely 17.has been 18.caused 19.resulting 20.to invest第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.A26.B 27.B 28.D 29.A 30.B31.B 32.D 33.C 34.C第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）35.F 36.B 37.D 38.G 39.E第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第

63、42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduc

64、es the chance of you getting angryResolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity43.略第二节（20分）范文：Dear Jim，Im sorry that I wont be able to go hiking with you this SaturdayI began to cough yesterday morning，so I went to see a doctorShe told me it was a bad cold，and I would have to stay at home for a few daysId really like to spend some time with youIs it OK with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday？ Its one of the host cities for the 2022 Winter OlympicsPlease let me know what you thinkAgain，Im sorry about the inconvenienceHope to hear from you soonYours，Li Hua