2021新高考英语人教版一轮复习课时作业：必修5 UNIT 1　GREAT SCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.doc

1、Unit 1Great scientists课时作业.阅读AStephen Hawking, the brilliant British theoretical physicist who published wildly popular books exploring the mysteries of the universe, has died, according to a family spokesman. He was 76.Considered by many to be the worlds greatest living scientist, Hawking was also

2、a cosmologist, astronomer, mathematician and author of numerous books including the landmark “A Brief History of Time”， which has sold more than 10 million copies.With fellow physicist Roger Penrose, Hawking combined Einsteins theory of relativity with quantum theory to suggest that space and time w

3、ould begin with the Big Bang and end in black holes. He also discovered that black holes were not completely black but emit radiation and would likely eventually evaporate and disappear. “It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet Earth in the next 100 years, let alone next thousand, o

4、r million. The human race shouldnt have all its eggs in one basket or on one planet. Lets hope we can avoid dropping the basket until we have spread the load.”Hawking suffered from ALS (amyotrophic latcral sclerosis), a disease which is usually deadly within a few years. He was diagnosed in 1963, wh

5、en he was 21, and doctors initially gave him only a few years to live. The disease left Hawking wheelchairbound and paralyzed. He was able to move only a few fingers on one hand and was completely dependent on others or on technology for everythingbathing, dressing, eating, even speech. Dramatically

6、, he even gueststarred in the “Star Trek”， “The Simpsons” and the 2014 movie “The Theory of Everything”.Hawkings children, Lucy, Robert and Tim, said in a statement, “He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years. We will miss him forever.”1From

7、the passage, we can learn that _.AHawking was diagnosed with the fatal disease since he was bornBHawking was once the main character in the movie and TV seriesCHawking just published one book titled “A Brief History of Time”DHawking had to rely on other people and technology to do everything in life

8、答案：D细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He was able to move only a few fingers on one hand and was completely dependent on others or on technology for everythingbathing, dressing, eating, even speech.”可知，霍金的日常生活不得不依靠其他人和技术的帮助。故选D。2Which of the following is NOT believed by Stephen Hawking?AThe space and time would end i

9、n black holes.BBlack holes are not exactly black in color.CThe disasters can be avoided in the next thousand or million years.DBlack holes can give off radiation and will disappear in the end.答案：C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It will be difficult enough to avoid disasters on planet Earth in the next 100 years, let

10、alone next thousand, or million.”可知，霍金认为在接下来的100年里，要避免在地球上发生灾难将会很困难，更不用说下一千年或者数百万年。C项错误，故选C。3What does the underlined sentence mean?AThe humans should explore other planets to live.BThe humans should stay together to fight the disasters.CThe earth will be destroyed if humans continue to live here.DN

11、o other planets can replace the earth as the living place.答案：A推理判断题。本句直译为人类不应将所有鸡蛋放在一个篮子里或一颗星球上，即人类应该探索其他星球，故选A。4What would be the best title of the passage?AA Star Just Went Out in the UniverseBThe Achievements of Stephen HawkingCStephen Hawkings Suffering of the DiseaseDThe Predictions of the Grea

12、t Man答案：A主旨大意题。本文先告知了霍金去世的消息，然后回忆了他的生平事迹和主要成就，故A项最能概括文章的主旨大意，故选A。【词汇积累】quantum n. 量子evaporate v. 蒸发emit vt. 发出，射出，散发suffer from 患病；受之苦【佳句背诵】The human race shouldnt have all its eggs in one basket or on one planet.人类不应该把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里或一颗星球上。BAlbert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, an

13、d his achievement was even greater than what only a few other great scientists have achieved. An American university president once said that Einstein had made a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identity of time and space and

14、so onbut even ordinary men now understand that the universe is something larger than ever thought before.By 1914 young Einstein had been worldfamous. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited chances for

15、 study, but soon his peace and quietness were broken by World War .Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.In t

16、he year following World War I, honours were increasingly put on him. He became head of the Kaiser Whihem Institute of Theoretical Physics. But he himself refused the effort to put him in a position far above other people. He was well known for his humble manner. He often said that his success would

17、certainly have been achieved by others if he had never lived. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.5It seems to the American university president that _.AEinstein achieved more than any other scie

18、ntist in historyBeverybody understands Einsteins scientific ideas Cthe new view of the universe can be quickly learned by everyoneDour ideas about the universe are different today because of Einstein答案：D细节理解题。由第一段最后两句可知，现在人们对宇宙的看法发生了转变，而这是因为爱因斯坦提出的新的宇宙观。故选D。6Einstein did his greatest work _.Awhen Na

19、zism roseBwhen he was youngCduring World War Dafter he left Europe答案：B推理判断题。由第三段和最后一段可知爱因斯坦在一战和纳粹时期，几乎没有正常工作，排除A项和C项；本文也没有讲述他离开欧洲以后的科研情况，排除D项；由第二段第一句和最后一段可知，B项所述正确。故选B。7From the passage we can know that _.AGermans usually have a high respect for scienceBEinstein had other interests besides scienceCE

20、instein was forced to work again in 1918DEinstein led a quiet life during World War 答案：A推理判断题。由第二段最后一句中的“his peace . were broken by World War ”排除D；由第三段最后一句排除C；由最后一段中的“he was honoured in Germany”可推知，德国人民尊敬爱因斯坦，尊敬科学。B项文中未提及。故选A。【词汇积累】identity n. 本体；特征humble adj. 谦逊的Nazism n. 纳粹主义【长难句分析】In 1921 he won

21、the Nobel Prize, and he was honoured in Germany until the rise of Nazism when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.1921年，他获得了诺贝尔奖，并在德国备受尊敬，直到纳粹主义兴起时，他因为是犹太人而被赶出德国。分析：此句是由and连接的并列句， until the rise of Nazism . 是时间状语，在这个时间状语中when he was driven from Germany是定语从句修饰先行词 the rise of Nazism, becau

22、se he was a Jew是原因状语从句。C(2020安徽六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)Dr John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earthlike as the moon must have been created by God for li

23、ving beings, and he was determined to meet themdespite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17thcentury scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of

24、Earth and the conditions in space, and that Earths pull was due to magnetism (磁力). It was only reasonable, then, that Wilkins believed a twowheeled horsedrawn battle car with wings with enough speed could lift high enough off the ground to break free of Earths magnetic pull and reach the moon.Then W

25、ilkins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey? He theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be ab

26、le to be realized. There was some knowledge at that time about the fact that air gets thinner and colder the higher up you go, but he had a fix for that too, “moistened sponges (湿润的海绵) might help us against its thinness”.By studying the way in which birds fly, which also happened to be part of the s

27、tudies that led to planes and rockets centuries later, Wilkins put his theory to the test with the help of a colleague, Robert Hooke. Neither of the two ever recorded their attempts, but its somewhat safe to say that it didnt work out. Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact,

28、 since he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰威尔金斯博士是一位自然哲学家，他疯狂地想要登上月球，并为此在理论上做了很多准备。8What do we know about Dr John Wilkins?AHe dreamed of landing on the moon.BHe wrote about people living on the moon.CHe urged the public to know more about spa

29、ce.DHe had a rich knowledge of space in the 1670s.答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there.”可知，Dr John Wilkins梦想着登上月球。故选A。9Which of the following might Wilkins agree with?AThe air on the moon is not fit for human beings.BPeople dont need

30、to eat things on the moon.CEarths magnetism can be changed easily.DOxygen doesnt exist in outer space.答案：B推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话可知，Wilkins认为饥饿的原因与重力相反的行为有关，所以他同意人们不需要在不受重力影响的月球上吃东西。故选B。10What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2&3?AWilkins had prepared a lot in theory.BWilkins was ready for his moonlanding.C

31、Wilkins made a great contribution to philosophy.DWilkins was the greatest natural philosopher in history.答案：A推理判断题。根据第二段中Wilkins提出的观点以及第三段转向更紧迫问题的研究可推知，Wilkins在理论上做了很多准备。故选A。11What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo honor a great scientist.BTo encourage studies on outer space.CTo introdu

32、ce an early attempt of moonlanding.DTo inform people of the knowledge about the universe.答案：C推理判断题。整篇文章讲述了Wilkins对登月的执著和向往以及他对登月所做的一系列研究和发现，所以作者的目的是通过Wilkins介绍早期的登月尝试。故选C。【词汇积累】gravity n. 重力；地球引力pressing adj. 紧急的；急迫的be crazy about 着迷于；狂热爱好【长难句分析】Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope

33、, in fact, since he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.胡克放弃希望的原因可能是他自己，事实上，因为他是发现太空是一个没有氧气的地方的团队的一员。分析：这是一个主从复合句。since引导原因状语从句，in fact作插入语，主句Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope中，reason后是一个定语从句he gave up hope。.语法填空(2020全国新高三开学联考)A new exhibit at a

34、 California museum provides visitors _1_ a modern version of the ancient Chinese art style, “shan shui hua”， _2_ (mean) “mountain water painting” in English. The works show scenes of mountains, rivers and sometimes waterfalls. Chinese artists have been creating the brush and ink works for more than

35、1,000 years.Artists Nick Dong and ChiTsung Wu _3_ (find) ways to connect the new, digital generation to this _4_ (tradition) kind of art several years ago. Their works capture the spirit of the style in a new way. The exhibit forces the viewers _5_ (slow) down and experience a different world. That

36、was also one of the _6_ (goal) of shan shui hua artists from long ago.Dong, _7_ was born in Taiwan and now lives in Northern California, said, “_8_ (actual), the exhibit was for all these artists to create a world where they wanted to hide. So, they created a mountain and imagined they could live th

37、ere.”One work involves a slowly moving light directed at clear plastic boxes on a wall. The piece, _9_ (create) by Wu, is called Crystal City. Wu said, “If we see this through the light, through the different perspective (视角), we could see theres _10_ new world behind that.”1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_1

38、0._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在加利福尼亚一家博物馆展出了中国山水画的事件。1with考查介词。provide sb. with sth.意为“提供某物给某人”，固定用法。故填with。2meaning考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语“shan shui hua”与mean之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。3found考查动词的时态。 根据“several years ago”可知，空格处应该用一般过去时，故填found。4traditional考查词性转换。该空修饰名词kind, 故要用形容词形式。故填traditional。5to slow考查非谓语动词。force sb. to do sth.表示“使某人做某事”。故填to slow。6goals考查名词。one of 后面接名词复数。故填goals。7who考查定语从句的引导词。 空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是Dong指人，故填who。8Actually考查词性转换。该空在句中作状语，用副词形式。故填Actually。9created考查非谓语动词。create与The piece之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用create的过去分词形式，故填created。10a考查冠词。此处表示“一个新的世界”，是泛指。故填a。