2021版高考英语一轮复习 核心素养测评二十一 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists（含解析）新人教版.doc

1、核心素养测评 二十一必修5 Unit 1Great scientists(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AA biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction. Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Priz

2、ethe highest accolade in the field of animal conservationfor his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel from becoming the next Great Auk. When the 61-year-old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauriti

3、us kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds nests and hatching(孵化)them under incubators, prompting the mothers to lay another set o

4、f eggs in the wild. A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also been necessary in efforts to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigue

5、s warbler. Prof. Jones was awarded the $250, 000 (172, 000) prize at a ceremony in London. “As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didnt enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received, ” reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dea

6、d loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild. Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time eight years ag

7、o, at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了生物学家Carl Jones通过人工繁殖的方式使濒临灭绝的鸟类的数量逐渐增加, 并且因此获得了2016年的印第安纳波利斯奖。1. What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2?A. Return. B. Level. C.

8、Honor. D. Research. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由于破折号后面的句子是对前面句子的补充说明, 故由“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”可推知, 这里的“accolade”与获奖有关, 所以C项“荣誉”符合题意。2. According to the passage, Great Auk is _. A. an endangered birdB. an extinct birdC. a popular birdD. a fierce bird【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“he saved an endangered kest

9、rel from becoming the next Great Auk. ”可知, 他拯救了濒临灭绝的红隼, 使它免于遭受Great Auk的情况, 所以推测, Great Auk是已经灭绝的一种鸟类。故选B。3. What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?A. Taking eggs from the nests has worked well. B. The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot. C. Kestrel has adapted to the life in th

10、e wild. D. Its difficult to protect kestrel. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句中的“. . . had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. ”可知, 红隼的数量已经开始增加了, 所以可推断人工繁殖的方法很有效, 与第三段中的“人工繁殖”相对应。故选A。4. Prof. Jones idea of taking eggs from the birds nests _. A. was proved of no useB. was widely acce

11、ptedC. was promoted officiallyD. was criticized by some people【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“A biologist once criticized. . . the rarest bird”及文章倒数第二段“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didnt enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received, ” 和最后一句中的“In the 1970s there was. . . that they

12、were too risky. . . ”可知琼斯教授从稀有鸟类的巢穴中取出鸟蛋的行为被一些人批评。故选D。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. criticizevt. 批评2. conservationn. 保护3. tensionn. 紧张4. oppositionn. 反对5. captiveadj. 被监禁的;被困住的6. breedvt. 饲养;培育7. emphasisn. 重要性长难句分析In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that

13、 they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild. 分析: 本句是一个复合句。本句是there be句型, arguing后是that引导的宾语从句。译文: 在20世纪70年代, 有人强烈反对人工繁殖的方法, 批评家们争论说: 这些方法有风险, 不重视在野外的繁殖。B (2020年山东新高考模拟)Heads up!Across the country, sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes. Now, the American Medi

14、cal Association(AMA)has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussionsserious injuries caused by a blow to the head. “By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place, we can reduce the

15、 number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon, which can put their health at further risk, ”said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr. , M. D. , in a statement. The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible. Then, they are

16、only to return to their sport with a doctors written approval. The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for concussions. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), a concussion is a type of traumat

17、ic(创伤)brain injury caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull(颅骨). It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brai

18、n. The CDC says that between 1. 6 million and 3. 8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation-related activities occur in the U. S. every year. A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before the

19、y should. The AMAs new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国医学会出台了针对运动损伤问题的指导方针, 来保护运动员避免脑震荡。5. Why does the AMA set the new guidelines?A. To raise safety standards of sports. B. To protect athletes from concussions. C. To set rules for health care evaluation. D. T

20、o help players return to the game quickly. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Now, the American Medical Association(AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions. . . ”可知, 美国医学会出台了新的指导方针, 旨在保护运动员避免脑震荡的危险。故选B。6. What should young athletes who may have a concussion do

21、?A. Avoid using the head. B. Leave the field forever. C. Get treatment in time. D. Switch to another sport. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知, 患脑震荡的运动员应尽快离开赛场, 并进行治疗, 医生同意后再返回赛场。故选C。7. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A. What a concussion is. B. What causes damage to brain cells. C. How the CDC works. D. Ho

22、w a concussion can be prevented. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第四段的内容可知, 该段介绍了什么是脑震荡及其危害。故选A。8. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Rules for Safer PlayB. Sports Injuries in the USC. Advice to AthletesD. New Policies for Doctors【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章主题句: 第一段的第三句“Now, the American Medical Associatio

23、n(AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions. . . ”和文章其他内容可知, 本文主要介绍了保护运动员避免脑震荡的指导方针。故选A。. 阅读填句Films and computer gamesIn just a few decades the gaming industry has become much bigger than the film business. What is called “interactive entertainment”

24、makes more money than Hollywood cinema. Is there any way of making films more appealing to people who like to play computer games?Making a film out of a best-selling computer game can guarantee a large audience. 1 Nowadays films are made with similar ones. They have attractive action scenes relying

25、on fantasy effects as well. Gaming markets consist of science-fiction games, and film-makers have also set films in science-fiction worlds. 2 Any attempt to borrow more than the setting from a game is certain to fail. Why do gamers feel disappointed by films based on their favorite games? One of the

26、 reasons is technical. Now everything can be computer-produced. 3 However, filming a scene from 20 different cameras would cost a fortune, so it simply isnt done in the film versionleaving the gamers feeling that the film didnt look as real as the computer game. 4 In a film the director doesnt show

27、you some things to keep you have the feeling of excitement or anxiety. For example, you wouldnt be interested in watching the film if you knew the identity of the murderer. But this is not true for computer games. When you play a game, you have to do certain tasks to continue to the new level. 5 You

28、 are always in control as a player, while in the cinema you never control the action. You just sit and watch. There can be some interaction between films and computer games on different levels. For all the similarities between technologies and special effects, we shouldnt forget that a story and a g

29、ame are fundamentally different. A. Cameras matter in another sense, too. B. The success of a game usually lies in the use of special effects. C. You cant influence what happens at all in the computer games. D. Computer games may show the action from a number of views easily. E. The game has a good

30、chance of being as successful as the film on which it is based. F. You must be able to have access to all the information in order to decide what to do next. G. However, the difficulty for film producers appears to be knowing where and when to stop. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。介绍游戏产业可能会取代电影产业以及其背后的原因, 同时还对电影和游戏进

31、行了对比。1. 【解析】选B。根据后文Nowadays films are made with similar ones. They have attractive action scenes relying on fantasy effects as well. 可知, 如今制作电影也使用了类似的特效, 最终呈现吸引人眼球的动作场景。根据后文的similar ones可知, 电影和游戏使用类似的特效来保证动作场景的美观, B选项“一部游戏的成功通常在于特效的使用”切题, 故选B。2. 【解析】选G。根据后一句Any attempt to borrow more than the settin

32、g from a game is certain to fail. 可知, 任何企图借鉴游戏背景之外的东西注定是要失败的。G选项“但是, 电影制作人的困难在于知道借鉴游戏到什么程度, 借鉴哪些方面”, 与后文, “如果全盘借鉴注定失败”, 意思一致, 故选G。3. 【解析】选D。根据后一句However, filming a scene from 20 different cameras would cost a fortune, so it simply isnt done in the film versionleaving the gamers feeling that the film

33、 didnt look as real as the computer game. 可知, 用20台摄像机拍摄一个场景会很花钱, 通常在拍摄电影中是无法做到的, 因此会让游戏玩家感觉电影没有游戏场景逼真。D选项, “游戏可以从不同的角度来展示一个场景”切题, 故选D。4. 【解析】选A。根据后一句In a film the director doesnt show you some things to keep you have the feeling of excitement or anxiety. 可知, 在电影中, 导演为了让你保持兴奋或者着急, 不会让你看到某些东西, 这就在于摄像机

34、的使用。A选项“摄像机从另一个层面来说也很重要”切题, 故选A。5. 【解析】选F。根据后一句You are always in control as a player, while in the cinema you never control the action. 可知, 作为游戏玩家你一直处于控制的地位, 而在电影院, 你无法控制动作场景。F选项, “你必须能够充分利用所有的信息来决定下一步做什么”切题, 故选F。. 应用文写作假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友 Simon一直想成为2022年北京冬奥会的志愿者。最近, 2022年北京奥组委向全球招募志愿者, 请你给Simon写一封邮件, 要

35、点如下: 1. 对志愿者的相关要求;2. 你可以为Simon提供的帮助(如: 接站、住宿等)。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可适当增加细节, 使内容充实、行文连贯; 3. 开头已给出, 不计入总词数。参考词汇: 招募recruit北京奥组委BOOC (Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee)Dear Simon, Good news for you. _Yours, Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Simon, Good news for you. The BOOC is going to recruit volunteers globally. Th

36、e following are some requirements you should meet. To be a Olympic volunteer, you must have a good command of Chinese and English. Since you have been learning Chinese in America, you have an advantage over others in language. Besides, you have enthusiastic, optimistic and active personalities, whic

37、h satisfy the demands for volunteers well. You will definitely devote yourself to serving the Olympic Games. If you are luckily granted an interview for volunteers, I can meet you at the airport and put you up in my house. Also, I will provide you with some other help you need. Wish you good luck!Yo

38、urs, Li Hua阅读理解(2020桂林模拟)Studying the DNA of 300 mice has flagged up genes which have been linked to hereditary (遗传的) sight loss for the first time. Researchers say because mices genes are so similar to humans, their findings could lead to the treatment of more genetic diseases. Scientists at the Un

39、iversity of California, Davis studied information from a data bank of mices genetic material. They found 347 genes linked to eye problems, with just 86 of them having been studied in the past. Only around 50 to 75 percent of hereditary eye diseases in human can be explained with present science. The

40、 researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key to explainingand therefore being able to treat the other 2550 percent. “This is extremely valuable for people with hereditary eye disease, ”said researcher Professor Ala Moshiri. “All researchers are going to start using t

41、hese data. In the past, we knew the problem was there but we didnt know where to look. Now eye centers can call back patients and screen them for these new genes. We expected that more and more of these genetic diseases will be treatable. ”Also, the fact is that more than 60 percent of eye problems

42、at birth are ones resulting from the babys parents!Thanks to data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), which is trying to work out what every single gene in a mouse is responsible for, with the aim of translating it to humans, scientists are moving closer to figuring out all g

43、enetic causes of blindness. To do this, scientists separate a single gene from other ones at a time and then observe what effect it has on the mouse for a long time. This has so far been done more than 7, 000 times and has achieved great success. Researchers are now working alongside eye care center

44、s in Texas and Iowa in order to compare the mices genes to those of patients. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。加州大学戴维斯分校的科学家们对小白鼠数百种的新基因进行了研究。研究的成果是解释人类遗传性眼病的关键。1. How many hereditary-sight-loss-related genes were newly found?A. 86. B. 261. C. 300. D. 347. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段They found 347 genes linked to eye proble

45、ms, with just 86 of them having been studied in the past. 可知, 他们发现347个基因与眼睛问题有关, 其中只有86个基因在过去被研究过。即新发现与遗传性失明相关的基因有: 347-86=261个, 故选B。2. Why is the percentage of genetic eye problems mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. To show the significance of studying mices genes. B. To prove mices genes are similar to h

46、umans. C. To warn the high risk level of suffering them. D. To explain how common they are among people. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第三段The researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key to explainingand therefore being able to treat the other 25-50 percent. 可知, 研究人员认为, 在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基

47、因可能是解释这一现象的关键, 因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。即第三段提到遗传性眼睛问题的百分比是为了展示研究老鼠基因的重要性。故选A。3. What should scientists do first to unlock secrets of genetic blindness?A. Compare humans genes with mices. B. Recognize each genes role of humans. C. Set apart a gene of a mouse each time. D. Figure out each genes function of

48、a mouse. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段To do this, scientists separate a single gene from other ones at a time and then observe what effect it has on the mouse for a long time. 可知, 科学家们一次将一个基因从其他基因中分离出来, 然后观察它在很长一段时间内对老鼠有什么影响。即为了解开基因性失明的秘密, 科学家首先应该每次从老鼠身上分离出一个基因。故选C。4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

49、A. New Ways to Cure Sight Loss. B. Genes Found Behind Eye Problems. C. Genetic Diseases Discovered in Mice. D. Humans Genes Causing Eye Diseases. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容: 科学家发现在小白鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. flag up引起的注意2. genetic adj. 基因的3. treatable adj. 可治疗的长难句分析The researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key to explainingand therefore being able to treat the other 25-50 percent. 分析: 本句是一个复合句。谓语动词believe后接宾语从句, 省略了that。译文: 研究人员认为, 在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键, 因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。