2022届高中英语《统考版》一轮复习提分练:必修⑤ UNIT1 GREATSCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.docx
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1、限时提分练(二十一)必修Unit1Greatscientists.阅读理解A2021太原市高三年级模拟试题TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910, Dr.WuLientehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery, atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths, anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChin
2、a, killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridgeeducatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic (流行病)WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24, 1910, hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWusfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine (隔离) unitsandtoorderlockdo
3、wnstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases, andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday, whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacro
4、ssthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wusefforts, thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease, andbyMarch1, 1911, theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof19101911lastednearlyfourmonths, affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities, andaccountedforover60,000deaths.Itisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddec
5、isiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked, allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911, Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang, attendedbyscientistsfro
6、m11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates, JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe19101911outbreak.Foratime, Dr.Wuwastheworldsmostfamousplaguefighter, atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919, andareturnofplaguein1921.1WhatwasDr.Wusmissionin1910?ATotakepersonalrisks.BToendanepidemic.CTop
7、rovidemedicaleducation.DToinvestigatethenumberofvictims.2WhichofDr.Wusactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?ASettingupspecialquarantineunits.BCarryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.CCheckinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.DConvincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.3Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?ATh
8、ediseaseworsenedafterMarch1, 1911.B60,000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wusefforts.CTheworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.DAglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe19101911outbreak.4WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?AHecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.BHewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.CHetraveledwor
9、ldwidehostingconferences.DHeclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.B2021开封市高三第一次模拟AndrewGreydoesntfitmostpeoplesideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop, notinalaboruniversity, yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASAsKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizensci
10、entistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies, onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience, butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization (民主化) toscience.“Thisisacollaborative (合作的) effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin,”saysChrisLintott, anOxfordUnivers
11、ityastrophysicist (天体物理学家) andcofounderofZooniverse, aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield, fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved, therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject,”Lintottsays.“An
12、yonecanidentifypatternsinimages, graphs, orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans, particularlyamateurscientists, dontstayfocusedonwhattheyresupposedto.Andthatsgood, becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcit
13、izensciencedoesnthavetobedirectedbyascientist,”saysSheilaJasanoff, directoroftheProgramonScience, TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthemcanalsobecitizenscientists,”shesays.ThatswhathappenedinFlint, Michigan, whenalocalmotherstarte
14、ddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizenpoweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized, regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels, scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydayp
15、eople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself, Lintottsays, “Peoplethinkthatwereintelligent, butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”5Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?AThehighlevelofscienceprojects.BThedevelopmentoftechnology.CThesupportofthegovernment.DThefoundationofZooniverse.6Whatisanadvantageofhumansinpatter
16、nrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?AHumanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.BHumansfocustheirattentionondata.CHumanscanobserveuncommonthings.DHumanshavestrongeremotions.7WhatisLintottsattitudetowardscitizenscience?AFavorable.BCautious.CIndifferent.DDoubtful.8Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?ACitizenScien
17、tistsCanBeIntelligentBScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneCAnyoneCanBeaScientistDScienceIsEverywhere.完形填空2021太原市高三年级模拟试题WhenpeoplefindoutthatmysonSamisacompetitivemathlete, theyusuallyaskifmyhusbandandIare“mathpersons”.Theansweris“Definitelynot”Ninthgradewas_1_forSam.Toprepareforacompetition, hetook_2_pract
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