2021届高考英语一轮复习：七选五专题集训---科普类 WORD版含解析.doc

1、1、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Five steps to better handwriting Some kids love handwriting, but others hate it when its time to put pen to paper. Maybe they are worried about their handwriting. Are you one of them?_Here are five steps that really work!Get a great graspTry this hold your

2、pencil at the top and try to write your name. Pretty hard? But when you hold your pencil the correct way, writing is much easier._Hold it in place with your thumb(拇指), and your index and middle fingers. Let the lines be your guide Lined paper is your friend! Those lines can help you create letters t

3、hat are of the right size and proportion (比例)._Also be sure to fill up the lined space completely. Those capital letters should be from the bottom line to the top one. Slow down If your writing is hard to read, try slowing down a little. If you rush, its hard to control where you stop and start your

4、 letters. Lower the pressure (压力)_That makes it harder to make the smooth lines. Try relaxing and dont hold the pencil too hard. _ Lots of games need you to write or draw pictures. So even though its not schoolwork, youre still using the skills you need to control your pencil better.A. Play games B.

5、 Ask for adviceC. Youve been writing since you were a little kid.D. So “a” should be half the height of a capital “A”. E. Some kids press down really hard when they write. F. The best way to hold a pencil is to rest it next to the base of your thumb. G. The good news is that just about everyone can

6、improve their handwriting.2、 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit and that can be a very annoying thing._1_Read on for some techniques worth trying. 1._2_ People who regularly made plans and looked forw

7、ard to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimers disease （老年痴呆症）, according to a recent study._3_Something as simple as setting a goal to havea weekly coffee date with a friend will do. Theres evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-ter

8、m goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward. 2. Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose （葡萄糖） levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals

9、that are good for your brain._4_ 3. Learn something new. Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation （刺激） limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something ne

10、w and are physically active at the same time. _5_Or go dancing with your friends. A. Focus on the future. B. This can be especially harmful to the aged. C. It should be something like learning gardening. D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. E. But dont worry if your schedule isnt fi

11、lled with life-changing events. F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.3、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Post-truth was chosen by Oxford Dictionaries as the Word of the Yea

12、r 2016. Indeed, digital misinformation is on the rise and it is hard for people to distinguish. 1._Before the dawn of the Internet, Canadians regularly turned to and trusted their preferred newspapers or radio stations for the latest news. 2. _ Its now coming at you from so many different sources(来源

13、）that you need to take responsibility for what youve seeing.Experts recommend relying on a range of sources instead of just one, but looking into them first. 3. _ For example, the people connected, where theyre based, and their intention. A lack of information is certainly a warning.Next, learning t

14、o recognize misinformation is important. False news spreads mostly through social media. So if youre looking at news on Facebook，you have to handle it in wiser way. 4. _ Is it from a well-informed relative or a friend who regularly expresses extreme views? And whatever you do,only by clicking throug

15、h can you see whether the information is accurate.5. _ It has no limits in achieving that goal, so it plays on feelings and uses improper language. Therefore, if you feel excited to share something immediately, thats the time you should stop and ask， “Is this accurate?If we all take that extra littl

16、e pause, well be able to stop this false thing from spreading.A.Sources that are reliable tell you about themselves.B.Fortunately, there are some simple ways to tell facts from fiction.C.Consider whos sharing it if its not posted directly from the source.D.Today 42% of them use social media at least

17、 once a day to get their news.E.Someone sets up “Hot Global News”, hoping the ad dollars would pour in.F.False news is designed to seek attention in order to sell ads or make an idea public.G.Evaluating sources and getting reliable news is important in the age of misinformation.4、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填

18、入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, red? _Do you prefer grays and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have

19、 been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, as well as the effect that colors have on human beings._If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly._A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxe

20、d than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day._A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area -until it was repainted green . The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharp

21、ly. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue._It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or gray.A. On the other hand, black is depressing.B. The

22、rooms are painted in different colours as you like.C. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.D. Colours do influence our moods 一 there is no doubt about it.E. Light and bright colours make people happier, more active and more productive.F. If you do, you must be an optimist, a l

23、eader, or an active person who enjoys life and excitement.G. They tell us that we dont choose our favourite colour as we grow up we are bom with our preference.5、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项是多余的选项。If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them always. If you dont, you may get lost. If

24、 you really get lost, this is what you should do. 1 .Dont try to find your friendslet them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a signal by shouting or whistling three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times.

25、 Any signal given three times is a call for help. 2. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give two shouts, two whistles or two gun- shots. 3. If you dont think that you will get help before

26、 night comes, try to make a little house cover up the holes with branches with lots of leaves. 4What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You will have to leave your little branch house to look for a river. Dont just walk away. 5 The most important thing to do when you are lost is

27、 stay in one place. A. Try every possible means to call for help and dont panic.B . When someone gives a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.C .Make yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass.D. Sit down and stay where you are.E . Keep up the shouting or whistling always three times together.F

28、 .Make a fire and stay up in case there are dangerous animals around.G. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you know the way back.6、根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Films and computer gamesIn just a few decades the gaming industry has become much bigger than the film

29、business. What is called “interactive entertainment” makes more money than Hollywood cinema. Is there any way of making films more appealing to people who like to play computer games?Making a film out of a best-selling computer game can guarantee a large audience. _1_ Nowadays films are made with si

30、milar ones. They have attractive action scenes relying on fantasy effects as well. Gaming markets consist of science-fiction games, and film-makers have also set films in science-fiction worlds. _2_ Any attempt to borrow more than the setting from a game is certain to fail.Why do gamers feel disappo

31、inted by films based on their favorite games? One of the reasons is technical. Now everything can be computer-produced. _3_ However, filming a scene from 20 different cameras would cost a fortune, so it simply isnt done in the film versionleaving the gamers feeling that the film didnt look as real a

32、s the computer game. _4_ In a film the director doesnt show you some things to keep you have the feeling of excitement or anxiety. For example, you wouldnt be interested in watching the film if you knew the identity of the murderer. But this is not true for computer games. When you play a game, you

33、have to do certain tasks to continue to the new level. _5_ You are always in control as a player, while in the cinema you never control the action. You just sit and watch.There can be some interaction between films and computer games on different levels. For all the similarities between technologies

34、 and special effects, we shouldnt forget that a story and a game are fundamentally different.A. Cameras matter in another sense, too.B. The success of a game usually lies in the use of special effects.C. You cant influence what happens at all in the computer games.D. Computer games may show the acti

35、on from a number of views easily.E. The game has a good chance of being as successful as the film on which it is based.F. You must be able to have access to all the information in order to decide what to do next.G. However, the difficulty for film producers appears to be knowing where and when to st

36、op.7、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Language learning beyond words Did you know that about 55% of communication is nonverbal? _ I find that the key to a successful conversation in a foreign language (in any language I should say) is to speak to people not only in their spoken language but

37、also with the body language they know best. _ Personal space is very important to us. In a formal context we would often greet each other with a handshake. Informally, but less frequently, my British friends and I would greet with a hug._Here in the south of Italy, and in many different parts of the

38、 world, people of both sexes greet with two kisses on the cheek, use a lot of hand gestures and are very tactile(触觉的). _ Having studied Italian at university, I have learnt to successfully communicate in spoken Italian and living in Vibo Valentia I have started picking up the locals body language. _

39、 However, what I do know for sure is that keeping my personal space intact would be denying myself the opportunity to appreciate Italian body language and fully immerse myself in the culture.A.I just figure out how to find the real meaning.B. But hardly ever would we greet with a kiss on the cheek.C

40、. In fact, our bodies are actually saying more than our words.D. In other words, little personal space is left between people when interacting.E. Britain, along with much of Northern Europe, is classed as a non-contact culture.F. Sometimes, I find myself not knowing what hand gestures to use when ex

41、pressing myself.G. If one person can not understand body language, he can not communicate with foreigners smoothly.8、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。As we all know, friendship is of great importance in our daily life. A friend can give us help and share our difficulties and happiness. But h

42、ow to make friends is still difficult to some of us. _1_Be friendly to others. _2_ You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he happens to be. Think more of others than of yourself and never judge a person by his appearance and clothes.Be reliable. _3_ If youre not going there on time

43、.call them as soon as possiblet.When you say youll do something, do it. Be someone that people know they can depend on._4_ Listen carefully to what people say, remember important details about them (their names, their likes and dislikes), ask questions about their interests, and just take the time t

44、o learn more about them. 5 A true friend always gives courage to his friends.He will remain with them in both good as well as bad times.Never make fun of or laugh at your friends in front of others. You should support them.ABe a good listener.BSmile at others and you are sure to get a smile in retur

45、n. CIf you and your friend agree to meet somewhere, dont be late.DThe following information can give you some tips.EAnd never leave your friend when he is in trouble.FEncourage your friendsGA friend to all is a friend to none.9、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Taking good notes is a time-sav

46、ing skill that will help you to become a better studentinseveral ways. 1. Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to holdyour interest.You will want to take notes during classroom disc

47、ussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.2.Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.3.The following methods may work best for you. Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. Carefully read the text and watc

48、h for words that can show main points and supporting facts. Write your notes in your own words.4. Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you

49、use them all the time. 5.A. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes and remember it.B. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand.D.You must write y

50、our notes on separate paper.E. Use words, not complete sentences.F. There are three practical note-taking methods.G.Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.10、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Maybe you are an ordinary student._This is not necessarily so. Anyone can become a

51、better student if he or she wants to. Heres how: Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First arrange your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc, then decide a good,

52、regular time for studying._A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time. Make good use of your time in class._Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says. Study regula

53、rly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material._If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer. Develop a good attitude towards tes

54、ts. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world wont end if you dont pass a test, so dont be over worried._You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.A. This will help you understand the next class.B. You probably think you will never be a

55、 top student.C. Dont forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.D. No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.E. There are other methods that might help you with your study.F. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.G. Make full use of spare time

56、 to take note of what the teacher says in class.答案1、答案：G; F; D; E; A解析：略2、答案：FAEGC解析：略3、答案：1-5:BDACF解析：1. B结合语境看，上文提到网络假信息越来越多，而且人们很难分辨出来，下文提到了分辨假信息的方法，因此B项 “幸好有一些简单的方法来辨别真伪”最能起到承上启下的作用。2.D上文说到以前加拿大人获得消息的来源，D项说到现在一些加拿大人获得消息的来源，D项中的them指代上文 的Canadians，且上文的for the latest news和D项中的to get their news呼应。3

57、.A上文提到专家推荐选择多个信息来源，A项中的Sources呼应上文的sources且下文对A项 “可靠的信息来源会告诉你一些自身的信息中的身的信息”进行了列举，故 A项符合语境。4.C 下文的” Is it from a well-informed relative. . views中的代词it与C项中的it”指代的都是上文提到的脸书上的新闻，并且C项中的who”与下文的问题呼应，因此选C。5.F F 项False news is designed to. public与下文的为了达到那样的目的，虚假消息没有底线形成一个完整的信息链，下文的goal” 指代F项中的to sell ads or

58、 make an idea public 。4、答案：F; G; D; A; E解析：颜色的关系紧密。我们对某种颜色和人的偏爱是与生俱来的.不同的颜色对我们的影响是不同的。暖色调让人更快乐,更积极,工作效率更高。冷色调让人悲观、压抑。全文介绍颜色和性格的关系。F项与上文中的”Do you like yellow?相呼应,且与下文中的quiet, shy,and you would rather follow than lead形成对比。根据空后的” as soon as you opened your eyes,or at least as soon as you could see clea

59、rlyn 可知,我们对某种颜色的喜爱是与生俱来的。故G项符合语境。根据空后的叙述可知,颜色影响人的心情。D项总领下文,是下文的主题句。上文说暖色调让人快乐和放松,下文用事例说明了黑色给人带来的不利影响,故此处选A(另一方面,黑色令人沮丧),此句起承上启下的作用。根据下文可知,暖色调的机器比冷色调的机器使工人工作更好,事故更少。E项呼应下文。5、答案：DEBCG解析：略6、答案：BGDAF解析：略7、答案：1. C2. E3. B4. D5. F解析： 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了不同国家不同文化背景下人们使用不同的肢体语言进行交流的情况。1.C空前一句先以问句形式提出话题:非语言的(nonverb

60、al) 交流。空格后直接点明在任何语言环境中,肢体语言在成功的交流中都是不可或缺的。所以空格处应填上与body language的重要性有关的内容,C项实际上,我们的身体表达的远比我们的语言多,满足前后文连贯的要求,故选择C项。2.E通读该段,不难找到段落中三次复现greet一词,根据此段落核心词可知,本段的主题是问候方式。再根据my British friends和Here in the south of Italy中两处地点的提示,可以概括本段主要介绍不同国家、不同场合的问候方式。利用地点提示可以分析得出,该段分两层,分別介绍英国人的问候方式和意大利人的问候方式。故此处选择E项,概括第一层

61、,总述英国人的问候特点:不接触,与下一句表示的个人空间对我们很重要衔接紧密。3.B第2空和第3空归为第一层次,第2空及空后一句总结英国人不喜欢肢体接触的问候方式,后面三句具体介绍其在不同场合的问候方式,即formally: a hand shake, informally but less frequently: a hug。B 选项介绍的 hardly: a kiss与前两种问候方式并列,进一步说明英国人不喜欢肢体接触的特点。4.D第二段的第二层介绍意大利人的问候方式,与上一层的总一分”结构不同,该层是分一总结构,即先具体介绍意大利人的问候方式:two kisses,a lot of han

62、d gestures,very tactile,然后再总结概括其与英W完全相反的肢体语言风格。D选项的little personal space is left与前面的问候方式一致,故选择D项。5.F 根据空格后的However,what I do know for sure 可以推出空格部分应该与下文构成转折关系,介绍作者不知道的情况,F项的not knowing与下文形成对比,故选择F项。8、答案：DBCAF解析：略9、答案：CABEG 解析：略 10、答案：B; C; F; A; E解析：1. 解析: 选B 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句说可能你是个普通的学生。下句说这并不一定。

63、如果想那样,任何人都能变成好学生。故选B。 2. 解析: 选C 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲要认真计划时间,上句:首先安排好你吃饭、睡觉、穿衣等的时间,然后安排一个好的有规律的时间学习。C项:还要安排合理的娱乐时间。承接上句,故选C。 3. 解析: 选F 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲充分利用课上时间,F项指课上认真听讲符合此段内容,故选F。 4. 解析: 选A 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要讲不断学习,经常复习。A项也在讲复习的重要性,符合本段文意,故选A。 5. 解析: 选E 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲了四点建议,此处指可能还有别的方法对你的学习有帮助,你可以尝试。总结上文,故选E。