2021届高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题一语法基础 考点二　代词和介词 WORD版含解析.doc

1、考点二代词和介词限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a productmaking factory into a productmaking power, _ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity答案：one句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。one表示泛指，相当于“a (n)名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”。2To his del

2、ight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then _ of his colleagues答案：that句意：让他高兴的是，汤姆很快就获得了他老板的信任，然后是他同事们的信任。根据句意可知此处指代同类异物的不可数名词trust，用that。 3I know you want to borrow money, but I dont have _ at hand myself答案：anyany此处为代词，意为“一点，一些”，用于否定句中。4_ who are able to work through the struggle are th

3、e ones who are going to be successful答案：Those句意：那些拼搏工作的人，就是将会成功的人。句中缺少定语从句的先行词，根据句中主句和从句动词are可知先行词用复数，指代那些人。5Due to _ humor and irony (反语), Xiangsheng has spread far and wide 答案：its句意：由于具有幽默与讽刺的效果，相声广为流传。根据空后的“humor and irony (反语)”可知，空处应用形容词性物主代词。 6All in all, every student should behave _ and keep

4、away from violence 答案：himself此处behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止得当”，此处需要用反身代词himself。7The company and the effect _ brought about did a great deal of good to our business in the market答案：it句意：这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们的业务有很大的好处。句中的it代指the company, it brought about为定语从句，先行词the effect作brought about的宾语，故省略了关系词which或that。

5、8The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with _ of nature答案：those句意：这个问题应该谨慎处理，以便平衡人和自然的需要。此处与前面的the needs呼应，指自然界的需求，所以用those来代替。9Tom was at the end of the team, for his luggage is heavier than _ of his friends 答案：that句意：汤姆落在队伍的最后，因为他的行李比队友的(行李)重。此处应用that代指前面同类异物的

6、不可数名词luggage。10Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000, or _ like that答案：something句意：你算出这次旅游将会花多少钱了吗？4,000美元，或大约那么多吧。something like “大约”，为固定结构。11He is recognized as the leading character in the field of physics and so far remains second to _答案：none句意：他被公认为物理学的领军人物，至今仍然首屈一指。be/remain

7、second to none “首屈一指”，是固定短语。12_ of your parents has to come to sign the papers because your signature doesnt count答案：Either句意：你的父母要有一方来在试卷上签字，因为你的签名不算数。根据谓语动词has to可知主语为单数，故用either，意为“(两者中的)任一个”。13It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language答案：neithe

8、r由于hard表示“困难的”，暗指父母都不会说这种语言，故空格处用neither “两者都不”，表示否定含义。14A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! Its _ (I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully答案：me/mine此空需填表语。由下文可知，此处表示一名女士惊呼，“是我丢东西了/那是我的箱子”，故填me/mine。15What seems to be a good thing to one person may be a bad thing to _

9、答案：another句意：同样一件事对于一个人来说似乎是好事，而对于另外一个人来说可能就是坏事。another指三个或三个以上中的另外一个。16September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill答案：by句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处by意为“不迟于，在之前”。17The little red house looks so beautiful _ the green woods答案：against句意：这座红色的小屋在翠绿的树林的衬托下显得如此美丽。against “在衬托下，以为背景”。18Sorry, madam Y

10、oud better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours now答案：beyond句意：对不起，夫人。你最好明天来，因为现在已经超过探视时间了。beyond意为“在较远的一边，超出”，符合句意。19Our school has developed various beneficial sports activities _ classes to refresh students答案：between句意：在课间休息时，我们学校开发了各种各样的有益的体育活动来让学生放松。between用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两者之间；among用于

11、三者或三者以上。课间是指两节课之间，因此应用between。20_ all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word答案：Of句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。此处of用来表示范围，意为“在之中”。21The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest答案：with句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。w

12、ith “有，具有”。22The driver managed to escape _ the vehicle and gave a warningplease bypass the accident car答案：from句意：那名司机设法从车里逃了出来并发出警告事故车辆，请绕行。escape from “从逃出”。23This view is common _ all sections of the community答案：across句意：这个观点在社会的各个阶层都非常普遍。across “遍及，在各处”。across all sections of the community意为“遍及各

13、个阶层”。24What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant _ another?答案：over句意：你选择饭店的主要原因是什么？over强调比较的概念，表“胜过”。25Some people use handwritten letters in preference _ typing because theyre more personal and represent your sincerity答案：to句意：一些人使用手写的书信，而不是打印信件，因为手写信件更私人化，也代表你的真诚。in preference to意为“而不是”。

14、26Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _ putting too much pressure on them答案：without句意：父母需要在不给孩子们施加太多压力的情况下鼓励他们发展自己的潜能。without “没有”。without doing sth “没有做某事”。27Star skater Wu Dajing won Chinas first gold medal at the PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games _ breaking world record in sh

15、ort track mens 500m答案：by句意：明星速滑运动员武大靖在平昌冬季奥运会赢得中国第一枚金牌，打破了男子500米短道速滑的世界纪录。by doing sth为固定搭配，意为“凭借/通过做某事”，根据句意可知填by。28Just hang the towel _ the back of the chair so that it will dry soon答案：over句意：把毛巾挂在椅背上，这样它很快就会晾干。over “在上面”。表示椅背上面，故填over。29Although the price has gone up by 5%, its still _ the limit

16、 set by the government答案：within句意：虽然价格已经上涨了5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within “在之内”，符合句意。30In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not _ clapping their hands but _ waving them in the air答案：by; by句意：在北美聋人文化中，许多听众不是通过拍手而是通过在高空中挥动双手以表示鼓掌。设空处用them代替hands以避免重复。二、单句改错1We come from differe

17、nt cultures, and carry with our different histories_答案：ourus句意：我们来自不同的文化，传承不同的历史。此处表示carry different histories with us或者carry our different histories。2Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer You need it to complete the things you want to do_答案：itthem前面提到tools like a knife or a hammer,

18、 them代替前面的tools，因此将it改为them。3There are shops on all sides of the street_答案：allbothall表示“(三者或三者以上)都”，both表示“(两者)都”。在道路两侧应用both。4I would appreciate you if you could come to my grandmas birthday party and say “Hello” to her_答案：第一个youit动词appreciate后不能直接接从句，需要借助于代词it作形式宾语，然后再接从句。5Farmer though he is, he

19、has become a huge success as a singer, whose story is really that of great inspiration_答案：thatone句意：尽管出身农民，他已经成了一位非常成功的歌手，他的故事真的非常鼓舞人心。这里应该用one作表语，指代前面的story，后跟介词短语作宾语补足语，相当于a story of great inspiration。6We must find ways to protect your environment_答案：yourour/the句意：我们必须要找到保护环境的方法。根据句子结构及语意可知，这里指“保护

20、我们的环境”，与we相对应，故应用our。也可填定冠词the，特指“我们生活的大环境”。7I wanted to give you some bread, but nothing was left_答案：nothingnone句意：我想给你一些面包，但是没有剩下。none可以指没有一个(事物)，也可指没有一个人。nothing指什么也没有，不但没有面包，其他的食物也没有。8Im looking forward to hear from you_答案：hearhearinglook forward to “期待”，该短语中to为介词，故其后用ving形式。9She moved back home

21、 to care about her elderly parents_答案：aboutfor句意：她搬回家住，好照料年迈的双亲。care for “照料”，care about “在乎”。10Once its down by black and white, you cant forget it _答案：byin句意：一旦白纸黑字写下来，你就不会忘记了。in black and white “白纸黑字”。11Please help with me and give me some advice_答案：去掉with句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。help为及物动词，故去掉with。12I want

22、ed to do anything special for him at his retirement party_答案：anythingsomething句意：我想在他退休聚会上为他做些特别的事情。肯定句中用something。13We went to swim in the river in a very hot day_答案：第二个inon表示在具体的某一天用介词on。14More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space_答案：第二个infor句意：因为缺乏空间，大城市里建起了越

23、来越多的高层建筑。for lack of固定短语，意为“因为缺乏”。15Under your help, I finished my job on time_答案：UnderWith句意：在你的帮助下，我按时完成了我的工作。with ones help相当于with the help of sb 是固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下”。代词一、代词的分类用来代替名词或起名词作用的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。二、常考代词的用法1it, that, those, one代词用法it指代上文提到的同一事物that特指同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词，只指物，通常有范围限定thosethose相

24、当于the ones，只指代可数名词复数，可指人，也可指物one泛指同类异物的可数名词，单数用one，复数用onesI cannot find my watch I must have lost itThe weather here is much better than that in BeijingMy pen is broken I must buy one2both, either, neither, all, any, some, none, no one续表Both of his parents are teachersYou can take either of the pict

25、ures, whichever you likeNeither of us could understand GermanAll are happy to know the newsWe had three cats once but none (of them) is alive now3another, other, the other, the others, others代词用法another三者或三者以上中的另一个other“其他的”，只作定语，常与复数名词连用。other students “其他的学生”the other两者中的另一个。常与one连用，构成：one the oth

26、er “一个，另一个”the others为the other的复数形式，特指其余的人或物others泛指别的人或物Will you show me another? I dont like its colorShe has two sisters One is Mary and the_other is JoanWhy are only three of you here? Where are the_others?Dont cut in when others speak限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1(全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each

27、other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive答案：them人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。2(浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out答案：it此处it作形式主语，指代后面真正的主语不定式to eat out。 3(浙江高考)If you are not going to suffer this probl

28、em, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her答案：for句意：如果你不打算遭遇这种问题，那么我建议下一次你去你母亲家吃饭的时候，从她那里获取几个烹饪的秘诀。去妈妈家吃饭，表示目的，故填for。 4(全国卷)Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is often referred _ as the N

29、obel Prize in architectureon February 28 答案：to句意：在2月28日，49岁的中国建筑师王澍获得了2012年普利兹克建筑奖，该奖项被誉为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”。5(北京高考)Good morning, Mr Lees office Good morning Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon答案：for此处表示“我”想预约星期三下午(的时间)。make an appointment for是固定搭配，意为“为约定”。故此处用介词for。6(天津高考)The people in

30、 the hall seemed very nosy (爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me _ curiosity答案：with句意：客厅的人们很爱窥探似的，好奇地一直盯着我。with curiosity “出于好奇”。7(江苏高考)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls _ a clear road map and timetable答案：for句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。call for “需要”。8(江苏高考)

31、Determining where we are in relation _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival答案：to句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。in relation to “关于，涉及”，符合语境，故此处填to。9(天津高考)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old答案：among

32、句意：当你开车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时，你会置身于寿命超过一千年的树木之中。among “在当中，为所围绕”，符合语境。故填among。10(天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students _ return, we expect students to work hard答案：In句意：我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们希望学生能够努力学习。in return “作为回报，作为报答”。11(广西模拟)I didnt know the way _ my hotel, so I asked a porter how I cou

33、ld get there答案：tothe way to 为固定搭配，意为“到的路”。12(2016天津高考)I was wearing a seatbelt If I hadnt been wearing _， I would have been injured答案：one句意：我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我可能已经受伤了。one泛指安全带，表同类异物。13(2016浙江高考)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK答案：that句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英

34、国的教育体系没有很大差异。这里指代前面的名词education system，后面有in the UK修饰，所以用that。14(2016四川高考)By that time, the panda no longer needed _ (it) mother for food答案：its句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。15(山东师大附中检测)She must be shy You may be shy _ (you)答案：yourself句意：她一定很害羞，你自己可能也会害羞。反身代词在句中起强调作用。16(广西南宁检测)Das

35、irees paintings catch your eyes immediately, and then your eyes lock on _答案：them句意：德西里的画立刻吸引了你们的视线，然后你们的视线就锁定在这些画上。介词on的宾语指的是前面提到的paintings，故用them代替。17(河南开封二模)Only human beings can choose where and how they want to live and then improve the physical environment to help _ (they) realize these choices

36、答案：themselves句意：只有人类可以选择生活的地方和生活的方式，然后改善自然环境来帮助自己实现这些选择。本空所填词作help的宾语，而help的主语是they，主语与宾语互指，故宾语用反身代词。18(全国卷)Many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing _ Chinese traditions答案：onfocus on固定短语，意为“聚焦于，集中精力于”。19(山东东营一模)_ is generally acknowledged that young people fr

37、om poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system答案：It句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，来自比较贫困的社会经济背景的年轻人往往会表现不佳。it作形式主语，“that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。20(天津高考)Donations began flooding in _ hundreds

38、of people答案：from句意：成百上千人的捐赠像潮水般涌来。from“自，从”。21(全国卷)As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old _答案：ones句意：虽然我们积累了更多的设备，然而，我们并没有扔掉旧设备。devices是一个可数名词，ones代替前面提到的复数名词，故填ones。22(全国卷)When it comes _ technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for

39、 data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading答案：to此处when it comes to表示“提及，谈到”，是一个固定词组，其中to是介词。23(全国卷)The style of the campus is quite different from _ of most Chinese universities答案：that句意：这个校园的风格与大多数中国大学的风格截然不同。前面style是单数名词，根据后面的定语“of most Chinese universities”可知，that代替前面的style。24(天津高考)

40、Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come _ focus: food答案：into句意：3D打印技术开始关注一个新的领域：食物。come into focus “开始关注”。25(浙江高考)As the 200th anniversary of Dickens birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made _ a lasting one 答案：himself句意：随着狄更斯诞辰20

41、0周年纪念日的临近，让我们一起去了解他是怎么使得自己成为一个永恒的人物的吧，这对我们的文化来说是可能的也是必要的。make himself “使得自己成为”。26(江苏高考)There are solutions that could light a path _ a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us答案：towards句意：虽然有指引通向可持续的、公平的农业经济的解决方案，但是农民们不能把这些方案展现在我们面前。towards “通向”，强

42、调方向性。 27(2016全国卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands 答案：with句意：并非亚洲的每个地方(的人们)都用筷子。例如，在印度，大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用”，符合句意。28(2016四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years答案：for句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。“for一

43、段时间”作时间状语，表示持续了一段时间。29(2016全国卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day答案：on句意：我们大多数人在早晨时对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on “集中于”。30(河北调研)Xian is famous _ its long history答案：for句意：西安因它悠久的历史而出名。be famous for “因为出名”。二、单句改错1(南昌二模)Weve been looking for a cheap

44、house but havent found it yet_答案：itone句意：我们一直在寻找一个便宜的房子，但是还没有找到。此处onea cheap house，泛指任何一个便宜的房子，而it指上文出现的同一事物。2(江苏月考)Jennifer believes she will move out on her own when she is financially able to support her_答案：第二个herherself句意：詹妮弗相信，当她在经济上自己有能力养活自己时就会搬出去单住。这里强调的是主语本身，作宾语，故用反身代词herself。3(2016全国卷)If we

45、 go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books_答案：yourour句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就能拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。此处应该使用our，与本句的主语we在人称上保持一致。4(2016全国卷)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot_答案：manymuch句意：那样花费不多，而我们仍然可以学到很多。此处代词much指代不可数名词money，作动词cost的宾语，而many通常指代可数名

46、词复数。5(2016全国卷)I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself However, my parents didnt seem to think such_答案：suchsoso作指示代词，可以代替前面句子的内容，而such不能指代前面的内容。后一句句意：然而，我的父母看起来不那样认为。6(云南月考)We asked both John and Mary about this problem, but none could offer a satisfactory suggestion_答案：nonenei

47、thernone指“三者或三者以上都不”，根据句意，此处是指“两者都不”，故应用neither。7(全国卷)They arrive at the class at low spirits and they leave with a smile_答案：第二个atinin low spirits “情绪低落”。8(2020吉林普通中学一调)Liverpool is also wellknown on its football and other sports events_答案：onfor句意：利物浦还因为它的足球和其他体育赛事而闻名。be wellknown for “因而著名”。9(长春调研)

48、As there was no main topic to discuss, the conversation changed from one topic to other_答案：otheranother句意：因为没有一个讨论的主题，所以谈话从一个话题转到另一个话题。another泛指“三者或三者以上的另外一个”。10(全国卷)I pay 5 on a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil_答案：onforpay for 固定短语。意为

49、“因某物付多少钱”。11(石家庄高三复习检测)It has nothing to do over fashion, but rather a royal tradition that dates back to the sixteenth century_答案：overwith句意：它与时尚无关却能够追溯到16世纪的一个皇家传统。have nothing to do with为固定搭配，意为“和无关”。12(全国卷)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and anoth

50、er animals_答案：anotherotheranother指“三者或三者以上的另一个”；other意为“其他的”，作定语修饰后面的名词，所以应该将anther改为other。13(全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes_答案：forwith根据语境，此处表示play sth with sb “和某人一起玩”，故将for改为with。14(全国卷)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain_答案：usme根据后面的“h

51、elp my brain”可知，玩扑克牌游戏有助于“我”的大脑，因此这里的意思是“告诉我”，故将us改为me。15(全国卷)I had done myself homework but I was shy_答案：myselfmy/the此处意为“我的作业或这次作业”， homework应用形容词性物主代词my或定冠词the修饰。介词及代词it的特殊用法一、介词的用法1表示时间：表示某一具体时刻前用at；表示在具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on；表示在某个较长的时间内，世纪、朝代或年月，泛指的上午、下午、晚上用in; after表示“在之后”；for常与时间段连用，意为“(时间)持

52、续达”。2表示地点、方位：at一般指在较小的地方；in一般指在较大的地方，或在某范围之内；on指在物体的表面，或相邻接壤；to表示不接壤；beside/by表示“在的旁边”；between和among，前者表示“在两者之间”，后者表示“在三者或三者以上之间”。3其他介词(1)表示交通方式的by, in, on“by名词”表示交通方式时，名词前不加冠词；但是in, on后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰。 He goes to work by_car every day He goes to work in_his_car every day(2)表示“用”的by, in, withby侧重方式、方

53、法，多用于表示无形的工具或手段的名词前；in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前；with多用于表示有形的工具、表示身体器官的名词前。He earned his living by selling newspapersPlease write the answer in inkThey are digging with spades二、代词it的特殊用法1指代时间、距离、天气等It is just five oclock nowAfter September 23, it is getting dark earlierIn mountainous areas, it is usually cooler

54、 in summer2性别或身份不明或被认为不重要的人或物Who is knocking at the door?It is the milkman3作形式主语或形式宾语It is said that he has gone abroad to continue his studyI find it very useful to remember plenty of English idioms4用于强调结构it没有具体意义，通常用于强调句中的主语、宾语和状语。其基本句型为：Itis/was被强调部分that(被强调的部分是人或物)/who(被强调的部分是人)其他，当被强调部分指人，且为句子宾语时，用whom/that/who强调。It_was not until ten oclock that we got home last nightIt_was your father that/who/whom I met in the street yesterday