2021届高考英语二轮专题复习 专题能力提升练十 主旨大意题—段落大意类（含解析）.doc

1、专题能力提升练十主旨大意题段落大意类A2020烟台市高考诊断测试Every year, the brightest young scientists from around the globe come together to participate in the worlds largest precollege science competition, the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF). They demonstrate their knowledge of science and engineering

2、 to improve the way we work and live.One of 2019s winners, Katie Lu, found a method for removing oil from water. This concept can also be applied to the removal of microplastics from our oceans as well.Here is what Katie told reporters：My experience at the Intel ISEF was amazing! I remember on judgi

3、ng day, walking the exhibit hall and looking at the people gathered outside waiting to get in. My teacher turned to me and said, “Thats the future right there.” It was so amazing to spend time with all of these participants who are going to do amazing things in the future.My scientific career has ta

4、ught me not to fear failure and not to be afraid to ask for help. Its really easy to be overwhelmed (击败) and wonder if what youre doing is going to work out, but even if it doesnt work out, its OK! Always look on the positive side ! A failure now doesnt mean youre a failure forever. Failure makes su

5、ccess feel earned when it comes. Also, asking for help is good when youre struggling. You learn how to do things a lot faster and more efficiently.Im shocked that some people are still skeptical about climate change. It is real, it is dangerous and it is one of the most important issues of our gener

6、ation. Reducing carbon emissions isnt a “should”； it is a “must” to continue living on the planet. Additionally, people arent really worried about their personal impact on the earth in terms of littering, overusing plastic or wasting resources. If we dont curb harmful human activity before its too l

7、ate, it will be a problem that affects all humans, not just those that contribute.1What seems to concern Katie most?AOcean exploration.BThe overpopulation on the earth.CEnvironmental problems.DThe shortage of natural energy.2What can we learn from what Katies teacher said?ANo Intel ISEF, no future.B

8、All the talents are at the Intel ISEF.CThe participants will make the future.DKatie should try to do better than the other participants.3What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us?AThe setbacks Katie experienced in her science.BThe relationship between failure and success.CSeeking help is a shortcut to do

9、ing things well.DWhat Katie has gained from her scientific career.4What does the underlined word “curb” in the last paragraph most probably mean?APunish. BControl.CDeny. DMeasure.B2020沈阳市教学质量监测三While the human world is suffering from the novel coronavirus outbreak, our planet is actually showing cer

10、tain signs of “recovery” from the damage caused by human activity. According to the BBC, new satellite images released by the European Space Agency showed that levels of air pollutants and greenhouse gases have “fallen sharply” in major cities in Europe and the United States ever since the lockdown

11、started.This is what happened after recent discoveries in Antarctica. An international team of 89 scientists found that the ice in Greenland and Antarctica melted six times faster in the 2010s than it was in the 1990s. And in February, Argentinas Marambio Base in Antarctica recorded a record high te

12、mperature of 20.75 on the continent.So what exactly will happen if the temperature keeps rising and the ice keeps melting? A third study might give you an idea. A team of scientists drilled a hole into the seafloor in West Antarctica and extracted (提取) material from underground, in which they found

13、traces of roots, spores and pollentypical products of a rainforestthat dated back 90 million years. In other words, Antarctica was very likely a rainforest back when the dinosaurs walked on Earth. But given the fact that the South Pole has four months of darkness during wintereven millions of years

14、agoscientists believe that the rainforest could only exist if the greenhouse gas concentrations were extremely high back then to keep the continent warm when there was little or no sunlight.“We didnt know that this Cretaceous (白垩纪的) greenhouse climate was that extreme，” Johann Klages of the Alfred W

15、egener Institute in Germany and a coauthor of the research told the Guardian. “It shows us what carbon dioxide is able to do.”With ice or no ice, Antarctica will beand has always beenfine with extreme changes. The human world, however, may not be.Now, during the coronavirus lockdown, weve seen the c

16、hanges resulting from less human activity. Hopefully, well hold on to those changesnot for Antarctica or the planet, but for ourselves.5What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?AOur planet is returning to its original state due to the novel coronavirus outbreak.BThe lockdown of major cities contributed

17、to the decrease of greenhouse gases.CThe novel coronavirus has no effect on the human beings.DThe novel coronavirus outbreak resulted from human activity.6What do we learn from the third study?ATypical products of a rainforest were dug out in Antarctica.BTraces of dinosaurs living in rainforests wer

18、e spotted in Antarctica.CThere was a good possibility of high greenhouse gas concentrations in Antarctica.DThere used to be enough sunlight for the rainforest in the Cretaceous Antarctica.7Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ?AHuman activity doesnt threaten life in Ant

19、arctica.BThe ice in Antarctica melted faster in the 2010s than now.CWe should reduce carbon dioxide emissions for our own sake.DThe lockdown can be carried on to slow down global warming.8What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo encourage us to defeat the novel coronavirus.BTo explain the effects

20、 of greenhouse gases.CTo draw our attention to the ecosystem in Antarctica.DTo call on us to reduce human impact on the environment.C2020济南市高三年级学习质量评估Theyre inconsiderate. They annoy you. And sometimes, they infect you. Wouldnt it be nice if we could ban passengers like that from the plane?If youve

21、been wondering whether the airlines should expand their own nofly lists, youre not alone. Joseph Flanagan, an engineer from Golden, Colorado, thinks the kind of passenger he sat next to on a recent flight should be blacklisted. “We were barely 10 minutes into the flight when he pulled off his shoes

22、and then put his damp feet on the chair in front of him，” he recalls.Inconsiderate passengers come in all shapes and sizes. Theyre the ones who occupy the bathroom for half an hour. Theyre the ones who place their carryons above your seat and then walk 10 rows back. One of the most annoying passenge

23、rs, of course, is the one who talks nonstop. As a result，you cant sleep，cant listen to music，or even cant get any work done. Wouldnt it be great if we could require passengers to make a promise of silence during the flight?Another category of passengers that canand shouldbe banned are people who are

24、 ill. Sharon Lawrence, a mental health therapist from Largo, Maryland, says people who know they are sick should stay grounded. “I have had to sit next to individuals who are sick, coughing, barely covering their mouths，” she says. “As a result of a few of these flights，I have become ill after flyin

25、g.”However, expanding the airline blacklists is easier said than done. Federal Aviation Administration regulations permit airlines to remove passengers if the safety and health of other travelers are affected. “But such procedures do not allow for the removal of a passenger without proper legal just

26、ification，” says David Reischer, CEO of Legal Advice. com, a legal advice website.9What may Joseph Flanagan think of the behavior of the passenger next to him?AIt is against the law.BIt causes discomfort.CIt is none of his business.DIt affects the flight safety.10What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?ARe

27、quirements for inflight behavior.BAnnoying experiences of the author.CExamples of thoughtless passengers.DPossible measures against misbehavior.11Why should sick people be added to nofly lists according to Sharon Lawrence?AThey are likely to cough constantly.BThey can not attend to themselves.CThey

28、may infect other passengers.DThey will miss timely treatment.12What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AStricter restrictions for air travel must be set at once.BMisbehavior of some passengers should be tolerated.CThe government prohibits the removal of passengers.DIt may be illegal to blacklis

29、t misbehaving passengers.专题能力提升练十主旨大意题段落大意类A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自然环境保护人类的活动行为对地球造成了不好的影响【文章大意】该文讲述了英特尔国际科学与工程大奖赛2019年的获奖者Katie Lu对于这次参赛经历的回忆及体会。1答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“This concept.as well”以及最后一段中的“Im shocked that some people are still skeptical about climate change”可推知，Katie最关注的是环境问题。2答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段

30、中老师的话“Thats the future right there”可知，老师认为这些优秀的参赛者都是未来的希望，能创造未来。故选C。3答案与解析：D考查段落大意。第五段首句“My scientific career has taught me not.help”是该段的主题句。这一段表明了Katie在科学生涯中获得的积极向上、迎难而上的态度。4答案与解析：B考查词义猜测。根据“people arent really.resources”可知，人类的行为活动对地球造成了不好的影响。由此可推知，画线词应是“控制，抑制”的意思。故选B。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然环境保护减少人类活动以保

31、护环境【文章大意】文章主要介绍了人类活动的减少给环境带来了好处，为了人类的生存，我们应该继续保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。5答案与解析：B考查段落大意。根据第一段的内容可知，该段主要介绍了自对人的活动限制开始以来，欧美主要城市的空气污染物和温室气体水平急剧下降。故选B。6答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句可知，考虑到数百万年前在冬天南极也有四个月的黑暗时间，科学家们认为，只有当时温室气体浓度极高以便在很少或没有阳光的情况下保持大陆温暖，热带雨林才可能存在。由此可推知，该研究表明，南极洲曾经的温室气体的浓度很可能非常高。故选C。7答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“

32、It shows us what carbon dioxide is able to do”以及第五段和第六段的内容可知，二氧化碳能造成巨大的变化，而对南极洲来说，这些巨大的变化一直都是也将会是可以接受的，然而对人类世界来说可能不是；我们应该为了自己而保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。由此可知，为了我们自己，我们必须减少二氧化碳的排放。故选C。8答案与解析：D考查写作意图。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，人类活动的减少给环境带来了变化，因此为了人类自身的生存，我们应该继续保持住由于人类活动减少而带来的变化。由此可知，本文的主要目的在于呼吁人们减少人类对环境的影响。故选D。C语篇类型：议论文主

33、题语境：人与社会社会行为对于一些有不文明行为的旅客，应该列入黑名单【文章大意】文章主要讨论了我们是否应该将那些不文明的或对他人有潜在危险的人列入坐飞机的黑名单中。9答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中的“should be blacklisted”以及关键句“We were barely 10 minutes into the flight when he pulled off his shoes and then put his damp feet on the chair in front of him，” he recalls.(第二段第三句)可推知，Joseph Flanaga

34、n会认为旁边那位旅客的举动让他很不舒服。故选B。10答案与解析：C段落大意题。根据关键句“Inconsiderate passengers come in all shapes and sizes.”(第三段第一句)以及该段下文所列举的行为可知，本段主要讲述的是那些不顾及他人的旅客的种种行为表现。故选C。11答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据关键句“As a result of a few of these flights, I have become ill after flying.”(第四段最后一句)可知，Sharon Lawrence在与一些生病的人同乘飞机之后，自己也生病了。由此可推知，

35、Sharon Lawrence之所以认为应该将生病的人列入禁飞名单之中，是因为他们可能会将疾病传染给其他乘客。故选C。12答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“expanding the airline blacklists is easier said than done”以及关键句“But such procedures do not allow for the removal of a passenger without proper legal justification，”says David Reischer, CEO of Legal Advice. com, a legal advice website.(第五段最后一句)可知，将一些行为上不顾及他人的旅客列入黑名单需要法律依据，单凭对一些行为的简单判断是不能将其列入黑名单的。因此，将行为不端的乘客列入黑名单有可能违法。故选D。