2021届高考英语二轮复习 备考专项冲刺 专题02 形容词和副词（含解析）.doc

1、专题02 【形容词和副词】解题指导触类旁通寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”形容词和副词细识别1.利用词类用法确定用词名词前和系动词后应用形容词，行为动词前后、形容词前、过去分词前、句首和句尾等用副词。系动词后作表语，表“的”之意时用形容词，而不用副词或名词。作表语，说明主语是“什么”， 用名词。2.两者比较用比较级，三者或三者以上比较用最高级。3.记住perfect、 favorite、 excellent、 superior无比较等级。4.意义有别的同根副词，如：hard/hardly (努力地/几乎不)、 beside/besides (在旁边/另外)、 close/closely (靠近地/

2、真切地)、 most/mostly (最；最大/主要地)看到四种情况，想到比较等级1.看到与than连用，要想到用比较级2.看到and, but, or等连词前面或后面用比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级3.看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)4.看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级(1)the比较级., the比较级.(2)the最高级标志性词语或从句考点突破针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法1形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。(2019江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms

3、, appbacked gyms offer people flexible options to exercise.不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼给人们提供了灵活的锻炼选项。【名师点津】(1)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。Lighthearted and optimistic, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。(2)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词。常见的有：frie

4、ndly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。2副词的基本用法(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。(2019天津卷)A dogs eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.狗的饮食习惯在正确建立之前需要定期的训练。【名师点津】有些副词，如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，而

5、且它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow

6、“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。(天津卷)The young man couldnt afford a new car.Instead, he bought a used one.这个年轻人买不起一辆新车，相反，他买了一辆二手车。(江西卷)The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, Id grown fond of our little rented house.那所房子太贵、太大了。此外，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。易用错的几类副词beside在旁边besides 此外，而且late迟；晚later以后；后来la

7、test 最近的，最新的ago以前(以现在为起点)before以前(以过去为起点)somewhere某处everywhere到处high 在高处；高highly 高度地；很；非常wide广阔地；充分地widely广泛地；普遍地deep深深地deeply深刻地；深沉地free免费地freely自由地；畅通地close接近；紧挨着closely仔细地；紧密地hard努力地hardly几乎不near在附近nearly几乎，差不多考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级1比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则变化词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般加er或esttalltallertallest

8、longlongerlongest以e结尾的，只加r或stnicenicernicestfinefinerfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestfatfatterfattest以“辅音字母加y”结尾的，先变y为i再加er或esthappyhappierhappiesteasyeasiereasiest其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more或mostdifficultmore difficultmost difficultbeautifulmore beautifulmost beau

9、tiful【名师点津】1.有少数几个双音节以及ow，er，le结尾的词，既可以加er和est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词有：common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。2.表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite, wonderful等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。有些词不与than连用可用于比较，如be senior to等。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/much moremostol

10、dolder/elderoldest/eldestlittlelessleastfarfarther(具体)farthest(具体)further(抽象)furthest(抽象)2.比较等级的用法(1)同级比较asadj./adv.(原级)as.“和一样”；not as/soadj./adv.(原级)as.“和不一样”(天津卷)Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue.虽然我像以前一样努力工作，但我没有感到疲劳。当as.as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：as形容词原级a(n)n.as.asmany可数名词复数as.asmuch不可

11、数名词as.Im not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。(2)比较级“形容词/副词比较级than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更”。“less形容词/副词原级than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方”。(2018全国卷)Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept bett

12、er than those who exercised in the evening.研究发现早起锻炼的人要比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。【名师点津】修饰比较级的副词有：much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather 等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是短文改错经常出现的错误之一。(天津卷)It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能够负担得起的价位，但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了

13、。(3)最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the最高级表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“是中最的”。(四川卷)Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。one of形容词最高级名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。序数词形容词最高级名词Africa is

14、the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。最高级的其他表达法a否定词比较级b比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other复数名词比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级than anything/anyone elseYour story is perfect；Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从未听过比这更好听的故事。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river

15、/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型“theadj./adv.er，theadj./adv.er”“越，就越”“adj./adv.erandadj./adv.er”“越来越”“theadj.erof the two名词”“某人或某物是两者中较的那个”no more than“仅仅”；not more than“至多；不超过”more.than.“与其说倒不如说”no比较级than“和一样不”not比较级than“不比更”倍数句型aA is倍数

16、比较级thanBbA is倍数as原级asBcA is倍数the名词(size, length, height等)ofB(全国卷)The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared.一篇文章越积极，就越可能被分享。More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well.越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three

17、times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。跟踪检测迁移应用练模拟，练规范，夯基提能I.高考真题诊断单句语法填空1. (2020全国I) Data about the moons composition, such as how_ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar(月球的）base are practical.2. (2020全国

18、卷II) Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花）：The_（beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾）make fantastic decorations.3. (2020全国卷III）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像）done so he called all great artists to come and present their_（fine) work, so that he could choose the best.4. (

19、2019全国卷I) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _（poor) studied; however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000- 25,000 polar bears worldwide.5. (2019全国卷I) Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集）

20、around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉）that populations are_（high) than they actually are.【答案详解】1.答案：much 解析：ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much.2.答案：beautiful修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful.3.答案：finest 解析：结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级 finest.故填 finest.4.答案：poorly 解析：由于对北极熊活动的范围研究很少，很难计算出全球

21、北极熊的数量。分析句子结构可知设空处修饰谓语动词has been studied，应用副词作状语，填poorly意为“研究很少”。5.答案：higher 解析： 空格后面有 than,所以空格处用比较级 higher.II.精选典题形容词和副词专题对点训练单句语法填空6. Landing on the moons far side is_（extreme) challenging.7. As the small boat moved,_（gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently

22、reflected in the water.8. It is an (attract) place full of ancient bridges, traditional hotels and restaurants all built around an amazing water network that is part of the BeijingHangzhou canal, the (long) canal in the world.9. Her years of hard work have _（final)been acknowledged after a customer

23、nominated (提名）her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.10. They also shared with us many_（tradition)stories about Hawaii that were_（huge)popular with tourists.11. According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years_（long)than non-runners.12. A taste for meat is_（actual)behi

24、nd the change:An important part of itscorn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.13. He screams the_（loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.14. Thinking his key was controversial，I devoted myself to the problem heart and soul, trying to figure it

25、 out in a different way. Twenty minutes (late), I succeeded in finding, in my opinion, the right key. 15. I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was (convenient) than others.【答案详解】6.答案：extremely 解析：空处修饰形容词 challenging,应使用extreme 的副词形式，故填extremely.7.答案：gently 解析：此处修饰动词m

26、oved 应用副词 gently,表示“缓缓地”。故填 gently.8.答案：attractive；longest解析：第一个空修饰place，故应用形容词attractive，表示“吸引人的”。第二个空前面有the，空后有比较范围in the world，故应填最高级longest，表示“最长的”。9.答案：finally 解析： 空格处应为副词词性，修饰动词，故填 finally.10.答案： traditional 解析： 考查形容词形式；hugely 副词修饰形容词。11.答案：longer 解析： 句中有 than,故用 long的比较级 longer.12.答案：actually

27、 解析： 这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词is.13.答案：loudest 解析： 根据语境和空后的 of all的修饰可知，空处应用副词的最高级。14.答案：later解析： 句意：由于认为他的答案有争议，我全心全意地研究这一问题，试图用不同的方法把它解出来。二十分钟以后，我找到了自己认为正确的答案。late 表示“迟，晚”，later 表示“后来，以后”。15.答案：more convenient解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，空处用形容词的比较级。III.精选典题形容词和副词专题对点训练单句改错16. Like most grownups, she enjoys fol

28、k songs, because the peacefully music reminds her of her beautiful life when she was young.17. After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening .18. Over the past few decades, we have developed an amazing network of public transportation. Beside, we have decided to make efforts to make it much

29、better.19. But I think wed better have more outdoor activities. As students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. 20. As a result,people in modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.【答案详解】16.答案：peacefullypeaceful解析：句意：像

30、大多数成年人一样，她喜欢民歌，因为平静的音乐让她回想起她年轻时的美好时光。music为名词，前应用形容词修饰，故将peacefully改为peaceful。17.答案：frightening改为frightened 解析：考查形容词frightened意为“某人感到害怕的”。18.答案：BesideBesides解析：句意：过去的几十年以来，我们已经发展了令人惊叹的公共交通网络。除此之外，我们还决定努力使它变得更好。前后两句话之间是递进的逻辑关系，故用besides，表示“除此之外”。beside是介词，表示“在旁边。”19.答案：longer long解析：句意：但是我认为，我们最好进行更多

31、的外活动。作为学生，我们通常在教室里坐的时间太长，结果我们的眼睛和大脑变得疲劳。副词too修饰形容词、副词原级。20.答案：去掉more解析：因为longer本身已经是比较级，不能再用more修饰。IV.精选典题形容词和副词专题对点训练短文语法填空Mary had lived in China for 21._(near) twenty years before she came here. Ive planned to visit China next year. So I requested her to tell me the 22._ (good)time to go there. M

32、ary said to me,The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November. During these months, the weather is 23._(particular)pleasant throughout the country, neither too hot nor too cold, Im 24._ (interest)in tasting all kinds of food all over

33、the world. I asked her to say something about the 25._ (China)food. “Chinese food is delicious and 26._ (reasonable) price, what is even 27._ (good) is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips.”She said 28._ (patient). “Language can be a problem in China, 29. _ (especial) for first time visito

34、rs”, said Mary. She advised me to learn some 30._ (base)words and phrases. Moreover, she reminded me to carry an English-Chinese pocket dictionary.【语篇解读】我计划明年去中国，玛丽过去在中国生活了近20年，因此我向她征求了很多建议。21. 答案：nearly 解析： 句意：玛丽在来这里之前在中国生活了近20年。nearly几乎；将近；差不多。22. 答案：best 解析： 根据下文中的 The most comfortable time 及该空前的

35、定冠词可知该空应该用形容词的最高级形式，故答案为 best.23.答案： particularly 解析： 句意：在这些月份，整个国家的天气都特别宜人，既不是太热也不是太冷。particularly 尤其，特别。24.答案： interested 解析： be interested in 对感兴趣。25. 答案：Chinese 解析： 由下文中的 Chinese food 可知。26. 答案：reasonably 解析： 过去分词前需用副词作状语，故答案为reasonably.27.答案： better 解析：由设空处前的副词even可知，设空处应为形容词的比较级形式（even 用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级），故答案为 better.28.答案： patiently 解析：修饰动词 said 用副词，故填 patiently.29. 答案：especially 解析： 由设空处前的在中国，语言可能会是一个问题可知对首次去那里的游客尤其困难，故填especially(尤其是）。30. 答案：basic 解析：basic words and phrases 基本的单词和短语。