英语选修Ⅵ牛津译林版UNIT2课件（共41张）GRAMMAR（2）.ppt

1、Module 6 Unit 2 Grammar and Usage一般过去时1.一般过去时用来表示过去的动作及状态.表示过去的习惯常用used to do,would do表示.2.一般过去时常连用表过去的时间状语，状语从句甚至其它类型从句和表过去的地点状语，地点状语从句来限定一发生过的动作.3.一般过去时和现在完成时均表示发生在过去的动作,但前者侧重过去的事实,后者侧重过去的动作对现在的影响.-My computer wrong although I used it only once.-youd better go to check it.has gonewent*-Long time n

2、o see.Havent you graduated from college?-Yes I English for 4 years in Nantong.*-What _ it,Ted?-Just a pain in my shoulder.Its gone now.A.was B.is have studiedstudiedA试比较:1.I cant enter the room now because I _(lose)my key.2.I cant find my text book now,but I _(put)it here.have lostput过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻

3、或时段正在进行的动作.2.与always continually,constantly等词连用表示过去的经常动作,往往带有感情色彩.3.用于表述故事的发生背景It was getting dark and the wind wasrising.过去进行时在近年高考中的考查:1.Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.2.-Where was i?3.-You _you didnt like your fathers job.(04 北京)4.A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying 5.2.

4、You were out when I dropped in at your house.(04 广东)6.-Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.7.A.was waiting B.had waited 8.C.am waiting D.have waitedCA3.Has Sam finished his homework today?-I have no idea.He _ it this morning.(04吉林)A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done 4.Whats wrong wit

5、h your coat?(05 重庆)-Just now when I wanted to get off the bus,the man next to me _ on it.A.sat B.had sat C.had been sitting D.was sitting CD 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别1.1.一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与just now,a just now,a moment ago,yesterday,last week(month,moment ago

6、,yesterday,last week(month,year),the day before yesterday year),the day before yesterday及表示过去及表示过去的时间状语从句。如的时间状语从句。如I was sixteen years old I was sixteen years old last yearlast year.He worked in a factory He worked in a factory in 1986in 1986.I met her in the street I met her in the street the day

7、before the day before yesterday yesterday.He often swam in the river He often swam in the river when he was when he was young young.2.2.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that at that time/moment,(at)this time yesterday(last time/moment,(at)this time yest

8、erday(last night/Sunday/week),at+night/Sunday/week),at+点钟点钟+yesterday+yesterday (last night/Sunday)(last night/Sunday)，when sb.did when sb.did sthsth等时等时间状语从句。间状语从句。What were you doing What were you doing at seven p.m.at seven p.m.yesterday yesterday?I first met Mary three years ago.She was I first

9、met Mary three years ago.She was working at a radio shop working at a radio shop at the timeat the time.I was cooking I was cooking when she knocked at the doorwhen she knocked at the door.3.3.一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。I saw you I saw you while you wer

10、e speaking to while you were speaking to JoanJoan.注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如：She She wrote wrote a letter to her friend last night.a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了）She She was writingwas writing a letter to her

11、 friend last a letter to her friend lastnight.night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信.（信不一定写（信不一定写完）完）4.过去进行时的时间状语从句(1).when 1).when 和和whilewhile引导的状语从句引导的状语从句whilewhile表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如：When/While we When/While we were havingwere having supper,the supper,the

12、 light went out.light went out.(2).when2).when用作并列连词时，表示主句动作发生的用作并列连词时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。I I was walkingwas walking in the street in the street whenwhen someone someone calledcalled me.me.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。5.5.下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：(1).1).表示

13、过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。Tom Tom was getting upwas getting up at six oclock every day that at six oclock every day that week.week.汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。(2).(2).与与always,constantly always,constantly 等连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩等连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。时。John John was always comingwas always coming to s

14、chool late.to school late.He He was always doingwas always doing good deeds for the good deeds for the neighborsneighbors.(3).3).用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：It was a dark night.The wind It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hardwas blowing hard and the rain and the rain was falling heavilywas f

15、alling heavily.A PLA man.A PLA man suddenly appeared on the river bank.He wanted to suddenly appeared on the river bank.He wanted to cross the river.cross the river.(4).go,come,leave,start,arrive(4).go,come,leave,start,arrive等等位移动词位移动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：I I was leavingwas leaving

16、for Wuhan that day.for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武汉。那天我正要去武汉。She She was comingwas coming later.later.她随后就来。她随后就来。6.过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于want,hope,wonder 等动词），用以提出请求,如：I was wondering if you could help me.I was hoping you could send me home.过去完成时1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作完成之前的情况.往往具备以下两个特征之一:(1)句中常用by,before,until引导过去某一

17、时间状语.They had learned 5000 words by the end of last year.(2)出现在主从句中,两个发生在过去的动作有明显的先后关系.Hardly had he run into the room when the rain began to come down.2.表示过去未曾实现的希望,打算,意图,用于如下动词:want,hope,think,expect,intend,mean,suppose,plan.I had meant to buy a present for you in Paris,but my work ran out of my t

18、ime.过去完成时与一般过去时(1).1).历史事实通常用一般过去时表示，如：历史事实通常用一般过去时表示，如：They learned that Lincoln They learned that Lincoln ledled the American War.the American War.He told the students that Hitler He told the students that Hitler killedkilled millions of millions of Jews.Jews.(2).(2).过去完成时可以代替一般过去时，表示惊奇过去完成时可以代替一般

19、过去时，表示惊奇.I saw her coming,but in a minute,she I saw her coming,but in a minute,she had had disappeareddisappeared.They wanted to keep it a secret,but a few days They wanted to keep it a secret,but a few days later,everyone later,everyone had knownhad known it.it.3.当主从复合句中有after,before 引导的时间状语从句时,用过去

20、完成时的地方可用一般过去时.He(had)finished all the homework before his patents got home.After I(had)had a short break,I went on to work out the problem.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别在于前者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的持续进行而后者强调过去某个时刻之前动作的完成结果.I was tired out;I had been reading for hours in a row.I had been waiting for nearly an hour befo

21、re he came.过去将来时相对于过去某时即将发生的动作,常用于宾语从句中.*No one knew when he was going to come.*I didnt know when they were leaving for Shanghai.一般将来时1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态.I will be back in a few days.2.表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.Well die without air and water.Water will boil if heated.be going to dobe doingbe to dobe about to dowil

22、l/shall do构成形式一般将来时的常见表达形式will/be going to 的区别1.will 表示说话人认为或相信将会发生但现在看不见的动作而be going to 表示现在即可看出的现象*Its going to rain.*I think the boat will sink when at sea.2.will 表示说话时决定的动作而be going to do表示原来的计划*Hold on please.Ill write it down just incase.*The meeting is going to start at 7.be to表示禁止,命令等.No one

23、 _ leave here without my permission.A.will B.is to 2.表示计划,安排.Theres to be a sports meeting next weekend.3.表示要求,责任.The work is to/should be finished by 7 today.4.Be to 可用于if 从句.If you are to come tomorrow,I will be very happy.Bbe about to表示最近的将来,意味立刻,马上.不可和时间状语连用.*Tissue please?Im about to sneeze.*Mo

24、ve!The car is about to blow up.be doing英语中某些词如come,go,arrive,leave,stay,do,take,have 等可以用其进行时态表示将来.-Hurry,Tom!youre late.-Im coming,mum.将来进行时1.表示将来某一时刻或时段正在进行的动作.Ill be waiting for you here this time every year.The boss will be enjoying his holiday tomorrow.So call him now.2.表示即将或按计划在未来要发生的事情,主语为第一人

25、称时往往含有期盼情感.Ill be seeing my grandma next month.They will be separating in the summer.将来完成时表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响.通常与by引导的时间状语连用.By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up.By the end of this month the project will have been finished.近年高考中时态考查示例例1：考查过去完成时例题：2001上海春：The new suspensio

26、n bridge _ by the end of last month.A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed解析：by(the end of)last month是过去完成时的典型的时间状语.悬挂大桥是被设计,用过去完成时的被动形式.答案:B演变:John and I _ friends for eight years.We first went to know each other at a Christmas partyBut we _ each other a couple o

27、f times before that.A.had been;have seen B.have been;have seenC.had been;had seen D.have been;had seen点拨：约翰和我(到现在)已经做朋友8年,用现在完成时;后面是在过去某时间前已经见过几次,用过去完成时.答案:D小结：过去完成时描述一动作先于另一动作完成，可由时间状语来反映，如：by,by the end of,before,after等；但更多的是由句子含义来决定。例2：考查一般将来时例题：2004高考全国卷：Lets keep to the point or we_ any decisio

28、ns.Awill never reach Bhave never reached Cnever reach Dnever reached解析：本题考查一般将来时的基本用法，理清句子结构和含义：让我们紧扣主题,否则的话,我们将达不成任何决定.答案:A演变:06江苏卷34：A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is B.are C.wasD.were点拨：a poet and artist一个诗人兼画家,做主语用单数谓语形式;时态是明天

29、下午将来,用进行时表将来.答案:A小结：对于一般将来时的掌握，特别要能记住和区分它的各种表达形式，如：be to do sth,be doing,be going to do,will do,be about to do,一般现在时表将来等。例3：考查过去进行时例题：Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.Ahas written Bwrote Chad written Dwas writing解析：本题一定要考虑后半句“但是我不知道他是否已完成”，所以应理解成去年（我看到他时）

30、，他当时正在写一本书。用过去进行时。答案：D演变:2005太原质检：-Sorry to have interrupt you.Please go on.-Where was I?-You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying点拨：注意情景隐藏的时间状语:在你被打断的时候,你正在讲.用过去进行时.答案:C小结：现在的题目一般不会给你明显的时间状语，往往要很好地理解情景，去挖掘隐含的时间状语。Consolidation:91-Have you moved into th

31、e new house?-Not yet.The rooms _.A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting91 The students _ busily when Mrs Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A.had written;left B.were writing;has left C.had written;had left D.were writing;had left92 When Jack arrived he learne

32、d Mary _ almost an hour.A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away92-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming92 Tom _ into the house when no one _.A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looke

33、d93 The pen I_ I_ is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost94 I dont really work here;I _ until the new secretary arrives.A.just help out B.have just helped out C.am just helping out D.will just help out 95-_the sports meet might be put of

34、f.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told95 I dont think Jim saw me;he _ into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared96 Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.has left;comes B.left;had co

35、me C.had left;came D.had left;would come97-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C.was going to D.did98 Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether shes finished it.A.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writing99-Hey,look where y

36、ou are going!-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticed D.I dont notice00-How are you today?-Oh,I _ as ill as I do now for a long time.A.didnt feel B.wasnt feeling C.dont feel D.havent felt01 Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because techn

37、ology _ so rapidly.A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change02-You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?-Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty on you.A.wasnt saying B.dont say C.wont say D.didnt say02 I wonder why Jenny _ us recently.We should have heard from her by now.A.hasnt written B.doesnt write C.wont write D.hadnt written03 All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness _.A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grew本课件参考和选用了其他老师的部分教学内容,在此表示感谢!其中有不当之处请批评指正!