陕西省某二中高三英语课件：短文改错（1）.ppt

1、 短文改错测试点高考英语短文改错主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语语言知识的能力，它不同于单句改错，考生应在理解短文的基础上,，根据上下文的逻辑关系,对文中的错误做出判断，并进行纠正。因此，该题型综合性强，涉及面广。测试点分布1、名词2、动词时态/语态3、代词4、从句5、形容词、副词6、冠词7、连词8、介词 短文改错的设题切入口近几年高考短文改错题题型稳定、考查点多、覆盖面广。一般以三种题型出现:增加,删除或修改。设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。从错误比例上看，2：1：7或者 1：1：8：多 缺 错英语高考专题复习短 文 改 错一、动词形

2、主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。2007四川卷：When he gets home,he saw the animal waiting at the door,still wearing his jacket with the wallet in the pocket.2007天津卷：In Grade Eight I took physics.In one test I get only 36 percent of the answers correct.gotgotIm sorry that I wasnt able to return your bike o

3、n time yesterday.I mean to give it back to you before four in the afternoon,but was hold up on my way back.(2009全国卷2)分析：mean改为meant,hold改为held;文章是描述过去发生的事情。Im glad to know that you had an interest in Chinesefood.(2009重庆卷)分析:had-have描述现在的事情w 1.After they had chose the books they wished to read,the in

4、structor told them the principal points he wanted them to note.w 2.Not only the students but also the teacher like the film.chosenlikesw3.I will like to know where you were born.wouldw 4.When our six children were young,suppertime is always being interrupted.5.Growing up is not easy.Sometimes all th

5、at is need is someone to rely on.wasneeded 考点剖析 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)短文中时态的使用前后不一致。(2)在特定语境条件下时态的误用(如含有状语从句的复合句中，主句用将来时态，而从句中则用一般现在时态)。(3)主动语态和被动语态的混用。解决方案(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(3)认真推敲，准确把握主动与被动.二、名词数指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。2007陕西卷：Personally,I found most lesson rather uninteresting.lessons

6、2006福建卷：If you have interests in it,reply to me soon.interestI stayed here for one and a half hour.(2009全国卷2)分析：.hour改为hours One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend,a trunk came to stop beside us.(2009浙江卷)分析：考查名词数。one of 后受one of影响必须用名词复数形式，应改为friends.w 1.The book will give you

7、all the informations you need.w 2.He is on good term with me.w 3.He is a generous fellow,and will soon make friend with you again.furniture,fun,homework,paper,news,progress,trouble,work（工作），advice等informationtermsfriendsw 4.They did not want me to do any work at family w 5.Aunt Mary returned home af

8、ter ten years absence.w 6.He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.yearsideahome 考点剖析此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)可名词与不可数名词的混用。(2)用于固定词组中的一些名词的用法。(3)同义词或反义词的混用。1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。2.记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法。3.结合语境认真分辨同义名词或近义名词。三、还要注意形和副注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。2007浙江卷：I got to the finishin

9、g line first.I won the race.I felt very proudly of myself.2006福建卷：We can hear birds singing happy all around.proudhappily修饰名词、be动词、系动词要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、整个句子用副词；比较级和最高级的使用。w2008全国卷wI will learn more about the history of the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic games.w2006辽宁卷wShe was usual patient with h

10、er students and never made them disappointed.usuallywellHe has a comfortable room,patiently nurses,and a great deal of time to read.(2009 陕西卷)分析；patiently-patient.so I grateful accepted the offer.(2009浙江卷)分析：grateful-gratefully考查副词用法。副词修饰动词accept.1.They came back lately and had some tea.2.The two me

11、n threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light.3.The new person on the job feels more better after he or she has played tennis with other people in the office.latelightermuch/even/rather考点剖析:(1)形容词和副词的混用，是短文改错中常见的考点之一.(2)比较级和最高级的混用或误用.(3)比较级和最高级修饰语的误用以及近义词的误用.解决方案(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法

12、功能.(2)理清短文中形容词和副词比较 等级的关系.(3)结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词.四、非谓语，细辨别这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。2007浙江卷：I could not to run very fast and fell behind.2007宁夏卷：Li Meng came see me every day.toSo I helped them going to the nearest hospital.(2009全国卷2)分析：going改为go考查非谓语动词的复合结构：help sb(to)do sthMy classmate,Jo

13、seph,is at present in hospital with a breaking leg.(2009陕西卷)【解析】breaking-broken非谓语动词做定语，与所修饰词是被动关系，用过去分词w 1.He has never been heard speak ill of others.w 2.I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.w 3.It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.tounderstoodbecom

14、e4.On his way home,he suddenly heard his name calling.5.But then there are always more mysteries look into.6.After learn the basics of the subject,nothing else seemed very practical to me.calledtolearning考点剖析此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用.(2)非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)在并列结构中非谓语动词的误用.(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分

15、.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握.高考链接6：I heard that Mr.Wang would teach our English this term.1.人称代词主格和宾格，物主代词的使用2.反身代词oneself的使用3不定代词的使用4Both,all,either,neither,none的使用.5.Whose 和whos，its和its的区别五、代词格，细领悟us 2008全国 II I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them their g

16、reat achievement.2007陕西Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed!ourmyselfThis man might need the umbrella himself,but he preferred to give it to everyone else.(2009 浙江卷)【解析】everyone-someone/somebody。考查不定代词用法。everyone else 错误说法，每个人，就不可能再有别人；别人应表示someone/somebody else。Im glad to know that

17、 you have an interest in Chinese Food.Here Id like to tell you something about them.(2009重庆卷)分析：them-it依语境知。w 1.Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it.2.Whom do you think is the writer of this book?w 3.His brothers case is quite different from me.whoeverwhominew 4.People find increasingly diff

18、icult to make their living.5.Those fresh men finally learned to solve the problems by them.6.I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.itthemselves考点剖析此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面：1)代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误.2)“it”一词的不当使用(包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语).3)不定代词或反身代词的误用.解决方案(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联

19、系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。catch a sight of lose my heart in hurry in Sunday afternoon such many people in a shortaonso六、习惯用法要记住1.Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.(NMET2004)分析：to改为at。Laugh at 是固定搭配。2.After five years away in my h

20、ometown,I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot.(2009全国卷1)分析：infrom。句意是我离开家乡五年，away from属于固定搭配。1.Dont approach to a work of art in such a spirit.2.The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook.3.The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.4.At last we reached t

21、o the village at the foot of the hill inon6.Because the help you gave me that summer,my life changed.7.When a young man starts to earn his own living,he can no longer expect others to pay his food.8.I imagine youll be at vacation yourself by that time.offoron考点剖析:(1)在一些固定短语中，介词的误用 是很常见的题型.(2)介词与连词或副

22、词的混用.(3)及物动词之后介词的多用或不及物动词之后介词的漏用.解决方案:(1)平时的学习中注意积累语言知识，特别是一些固定搭配的记忆.(2)强化语法训练，分清连词，副词和介词之间的区别和句法功能.(3)语法知识的记忆和语感的培养结合起来.七、句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。2008年安徽卷:She looked at me and started to laugh.“How are you laughing?”I asked.2007天津卷：I was lucky enough to have

23、 a teacher which didnt take my bad grades as a judgement of my abilities,but who/thatWhy1.The United States is composed of fifty states,two of those are separated from the others by land or water.2.These photos will show you how our village looks like.3.I cannot make sense of that he said at the mee

24、ting.whichwhatwhat八、逻辑错误须关注与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。2009辽宁卷：But he said he could only give me half of the money.He should find the other half myself.NMET 2005:Some students may also save up for our college or future use.I their1.I came into the living room and saw one of them just go thro

25、ugh the kitchen door but turn on the light.2.He will stay there one and two days.3.There may not be much choice between this one or that.andorand考点剖析:(1)并列连but,and,or,so 等词的混用，常常出现在改错题中。(2)并列连词和从属连词的混用。(3)平行结构方面的错误。常考的错误形式有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。2007全国II：I meant to write long letter and te

26、ll you all the things Im doing at the school2007四川卷：An Australian farmer found the kangaroo caught in the fence around his farm.a a九、冠词、连词常光顾分析：前后文是并列关系，用并列连词and。Some friends of his go to see him every day,they take him Lost of good books and fresh fruit.(2009陕西卷)I meant to give it back to you befor

27、e four in the afternoon，and I was hold up on my way back.(全国卷2)分析：前后文是转折关系，用转折连词butEvery kind of the Chinese food is worth trying.(2009重庆卷)分析：去掉the【解析】考查冠词用法。由umbrella 的发音可知，元音前应使用冠词an The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella.(2009浙江卷)w 2007浙江卷：Today I was having a PE lesson while I

28、fell down and hurt my foot.w 2006辽宁卷：She always made sure that our homework was finished on time,but she marked strictly on our actual performance.w 2007四川卷：He thought the poor animal was injured,but the kind farmer took off his jacket and put on the animal.whenandso冗词的多用1.Last summer,I went to Beij

29、ing,my first time trip to the city.2.Two years later,he returned back home.3.It is about 200 miles far away from London.4)Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going.解题原则一、错误以改动最少为原则二、虚词以添加或删除为原则三、实词以改变形式为原则四、原意以坚持不变为原则四不改：1.单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改.3.词序不改.4.标点符号不改.At Christmas Ev

30、e,Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree.They choose a big one.It was almost as taller as the room!They put them in the corner of the sitting room.Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light.The sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment.There was a fire burn in the fire

31、 place,and the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly.Jim or his parents singing and dancing happily.高考英语短文改错模拟训练OnchosetallitlightsbeautifulburningandwereDear Alice,I have just got some good news to tell to you.1._I win a national prize for painting last week.2._My father was so pleasing that

32、 he suggested3._I go to England for a holiday.Id like to staying4._there for half a month,visiting place of interest5._or practicing my English as well.Weve been6._第二个to删去win-wonpleasing-pleasedstaying-stayplace-placesor-andWriting to each for nearly a year now.I have7._often dreamed of talk face to face with you.8._I imagine youll be at vacation yourself by that9._time.Perhaps we could go out do some10._sightseeing together.Best wishes！Lilyeach后加othertalk-talkingat-onto