高一英语同步精品课件：UNIT3 A TASTE OF ENGLISH HUMOUR - LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE（新人教版必修4）.ppt

1、.词汇过关1 _adj.特 殊 的，特 别 的 n.细 节_adv.特别地；特殊地2_n时刻；场合3_n预算；开支4_n女演员_n演员5_v滑动n.幻灯片答案：1.particular;particularly2.occassion3budget4.actress;actor5.slide.短语自查1_闯入；破门而入2_不偏离(道路、主题)；遵守答案：1.break into2.keep to.语法练习用所给动词的正确形式填空1I heard her_(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.2 Its wrong of

2、 you to leave the machine_(run)3I have never seen a more_(move)movie.4Do you know the boy_(lie)under the big tree?5The speech which he made_(concern)thefootball match bored a lot of fans to death.答 案：1.singing2.running3.moving4.lying5.concerning.单词突破1particularly(adv.)特别，尤其The lecture was not partic

3、ularly interesting.讲座并不特别精彩。Traffic is bad,particularly in the city centre.交通状况很差，尤其是在市中心。【知识拓展】1)(adj.)particular(1)专指的；特指的(与泛指相对)I dont like this particular scarf,but the others are quite nice.我不喜欢的就是这一种围巾，其它的都很好。There is one particular patient Id like you to see.我想让你见一个特殊病人。(2)(adj.)不寻常的；格外的；特别的T

4、here was nothing in the letter of particular importance.这封信里没什么特别重要的内容。(3)be particular(about/over sth.)讲究；挑剔Im not particular about my clothes;I dont mind what I wear.我不怎么讲究我的衣服，我不在乎我穿什么。(4)n.细节；细目You may be required to give particulars of the change in your financial position.你可能会被要求透露你财务情况变化的详情。2

5、)in particular(1)尤其；特别；格外Was there anything in particular that you wanted to talk about?你有什么特别想谈的吗？(2)特殊的；专门的；具体的Is there anything in particular youd like for dinner?晚饭你想吃点什么特别的吗？【词语辨析】particular,special,especial这些形容词均含“特殊的，特别的”之意。(1)particular 侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性，强调特殊场合下的特殊情况。Why did you choose that pa

6、rticular subject?你为什么选那个特别的题目呢？(2)special 普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。常指一般场合下的“特殊”。She works as a nurse in a special hospital.她在一家专门医院做护士。(3)especial和special含义很接近，较正式，但侧重有特殊的意义或重要性。常指有意识地将某物或某事突出到与众不同的地位。This question is of especial importance.这个问题特别重要。【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)我们必须特别注意这一点。We must_ _ _ _th

7、is point.(2)他对衣着特别讲究。Shes_ _ _her clothes.(3)他特别喜欢科幻小说。He loves science fiction_ _.答 案：(1)pay particular attention to(2)very particular about(3)in particular单项填空(4)Those Tshirts are usually$35 each,but today they have a_price of$19 in the Shopping Center.AregularBspecialCcheap Dparticular答案：Ba speci

8、al price“特价”。2occasion(n.)1)(某事发生的)时刻，常与介词on连用。on this/that occasion 这次/那次On one occasion,she called me in the middle of the night.有一次她深更半夜打电话给我。2)机会，时机This is not the occassion for an argument.这种时候不宜争吵。3)特殊的事件，特殊场合I only wear a tie on special occasions.我只在特殊场合才打领带。【知识拓展】1)on occasion(s)有时，偶尔He has

9、been known to lose his temper on occasion.大家都知道他有时会发脾气。2)occasional(adj.)偶尔的，不经常的occasionally(adv.)有时，偶尔【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)那次我恰好不在家。_ _ _I was not at home.(2)他在退休时获赠这块手表。He was presented with the watch_ _ _ _his retirement.答案：(1)On that occasion(2)on the occasion of单项填空(3)There are certain_when you must i

10、nterrupt people who are in the middle of doing something.Aconditions BsituationsCoccasions Denvironments答案：C本题考查名词的用法。题意：有些时候你必须打断那些正在忙着做事的人。occasion“场合；时刻”；condition“条 件”；situation“位 置；形 势”；environment“环境”。occasion后接定语从句时常用when引导；situation,position,point后接定语从句时常用where引导。(4)(2008山东26)Occasions are q

11、uite rare_Ihave the time to spend a day with my kids.Awho BwhichCwhy Dwhen答案：D本题主要考查定语从句的用法。题意：“我能有时间跟孩子们呆一天的机会太少了。”when在定语从句中作状语，表时间。A、B两项不能在从句中作状语，why只能表原因，故均不适合此处。3slide1)v.(1)(使)滑行；滑动She fell over and slid across the shiny floor.她跌倒了，滑过了发亮的地板。(2)(使)快捷而悄声地移动Danial slid out of the room when no one

12、 was looking.丹尼尔趁没人看见，偷偷溜进了房间。He slid the gun into his pocket.他悄悄地把枪滑进口袋。(3)slide(from.)逐渐降低；贬值Shares slid to a 10year low.股票跌到了十年来的最低。2)n.1)C,usually sing.降低；跌落；衰落The economy is on the slide/getting worse.经济日益衰退。2)sing.(在冰上或光滑表面上)滑行，滑动Her car went into a slide.她的车打起滑来。3)C 山崩；岩崩；土崩；崩塌I was afraid of

13、 starting a slide of loose stones.我当时担心会引起松散石块崩塌。4)C 幻灯片Slides are shown once a week in their physics class.他们每周一次在物理课上放映幻灯。【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)那块湿肥皂从我手中滑落了。The wet soap_ _my hands.(2)我们赶快溜进树丛里，观察动静。Quickly we_ _ the bush and watched quietly.答案：(1)slid from(2)slid into.短语精讲1burst into1)闯入，突然破门而入The police

14、burst into the house and caught the man.警察闯入房子，抓住了那个人。2)突然(哭，笑，唱等)起来，常接名词burst into tears/laughter/song/flames 突然大哭/大笑/唱/燃烧起来【知识拓展】1)burst in 插嘴，打断(谈话)；闯入He burst in upon our conversation.他打断了我们的谈话。2)burst out 大声说；突然(哭，笑，唱等)起来，常接动名词。“Why dont you behave？”he burst out.“你为什么不规矩些？”他大声说。burst out crying

15、/laughing/singing 突然大哭/大笑/唱起来3)be bursting with 满怀(骄傲、兴奋等)；充满They were bursting with happiness/pride/excitement.他们乐不可支/满怀骄傲/兴奋。4)be bursting to do sth.迫不及待的想干某事She was bursting to tell him the good news.她急于告诉他这个好消息。【牛刀小试】完成句子(1)发现她的房子被人闯入了，她很吃惊。She was astonished to find her house_ _.(2)飞机坠毁后猛烈燃烧起来。

16、The aircraft crashed and_ _ _.(3)路上挤满了车。The roads_ _ _cars.答案：(1)burst into(2)burst into flames(3)are bursting with2keep to 不偏离(道路、主题等)；遵守(计划、诺言等)；不离开(某地)Traffic in Britain keeps to the left.在英国车辆一律靠左行驶。Nothing is more boring than people who do not keep to the point.最烦人的莫过于谈话不着边际的人。Shes nearly 90 an

17、d mostly keeps to her room.她快90岁了，大部分时间都呆在房间里。【知识拓展】1)keep away(from.)远离；不接近，勿靠近keep sb./sth.away(from.)阻止某人前去或靠近Keep away from the edge of the cliff.切莫靠近悬崖边。Keep the child away from the cliff.别让孩子靠近悬崖边。2)keep sth.back 抑制，阻止；扣下She was unable to keep back her tears.她无法忍住泪水。He kept back half the money

18、 for himself.他把那笔钱扣下了一半。3)keep sth.down 控制；限制He couldnt keep down his anger.他无法控制他的愤怒。4)keep off 远离，不靠近；keep sb./sth.off 使某人/物远离，不靠近Keep off drugs.远离毒品。They made a big fire to keep off wild animals.他们生起大火不让野兽接近。5)keep on(doing sth.)继续(做某事)Dont keep on asking silly questions.不要老问些可笑的问题。6)keep out(of

19、sth.)留在外面；置身于之外；keep sb./sth.out(of sth.)不让入内Keep out of their quarrels.不要卷入他们的纠纷。Keep that dog out of my study.不要让那狗进入我的书房。7)keep up(with sb./sth.)赶上，不落后；保持联系；振作，使不低落He couldnt keep up with the rest of the class.他跟不上班上的同学。Keep up your courage/spirits.鼓起你的勇气/振作精神。【牛刀小试】用以上短语完成句子(1)He always_ _his pr

20、omises.(2)Her illness_her_ _work for several weeks.(3)We must_ _our expenses.(4)The doctor advised me to_ _(_)fatty food.(5)Shut the door to_ _the cold.(6)I cant_ _ _the changes in fashion.答案：(1)keeps to(2)kept,away from(3)keep down(4)keep off/keep away from(5)keep out(6)keep up with.语法专区动词ing 形式作表语

21、，定语和补足语的用法表语1动名词作表语，解释或说明主语的内容。此时，主语与表语位置通常可以互换。Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.Serving the people heart and soul is our duty.我们的职责是全心全意地为人们服务。What they are worried about is being left behind.Being left behind is what they are worried about.他们所担心的是别被落在后面。2现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质，特征或属性；此时，现在分词与

22、主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人的”。His speech is still very encouraging today.他的演讲今天还十分令人鼓舞。He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。【知识拓展】1过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态或性质。His colleagues were surprised at his absurd behaviour.同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。The cup was broken.杯子破了。2 不 定 式 作 表 语，一 般 紧 跟 在 系 动 词 be,seem,remain,a

23、ppear,get的后面，用来说明或解释主语的内容。当主语为名词dream,business,wish,idea,plan,job,work,task,duty时，表语通常采用不定式，不用动名词。此时，不定式通常强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。The aim is not just to keep busy.其目的不仅是为了使每个人不至闲着。He appears to want to leave.他看来要走。定语1动名词作定语，说明被修饰的名词的用途。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。(the

24、reading roomthe room for reading)There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。(a swimming poola pool for swimming)2现在分词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。He is a promising young man.他是一个很有培养前途的青年。Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room?你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？We must kee

25、p a secret of the things(which/that are)being discussed now.对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。【知识拓展1】1过去分词作定语过去分词作定语强调完成，即发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前；或没有一定的时间性，只表示被动关系。There are lots of fallen leaves in autumn.秋天有许多落叶。(表示完成)Is your holiday a reserved booking,sir?先生，您来度假办理预订手续了吗？(表示完成和被动)She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老师

26、。(表示被动)2不定式作定语不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在“主谓”，“动宾”或“同位”三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系)The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is of great importance.明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系)I have a

27、lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)They have no happiness to speak of.他们没有什么幸福可言。(动宾关系)【知识拓展2】1下列两种情况不能用现在分词作后置定语。1)现在分词的完成式(having done)不能作定语。此时可以用定语从句来表示。Do you know the girl who has told lies?你认识撒谎的那个女孩吗？2)由动词be 的现在分词形式构成的分

28、词短语不能作定语，此时采用定语从句。The students who are outside after 11 oclock will be punished.11点后仍然在外逗留的学生将会受到惩罚。2分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。The funds(which/that have been)raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。The children(who needed)needing m

29、edical attention were sent to the nearest hospital immediately.需要医疗护理的孩子们立即被送进了最近的医院。This book，(which is)written in simple English,is suitable for beginners to read.这本书使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa,was written by professor Smith.这是关于西非的一本新书，是史密斯教授写作的。宾语补足

30、语现在分词作补语由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。常采用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词分为三类：表示感觉的动词主要有see，hear，feel，smell以及listen(to)，notice和watch等；使役动词：have,keep,make,get 等。其它类：catch,leave,send,set,keep等。I heard her singing when I passed by her room.我路过她房间时，听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)I found the topic b

31、eing discussed everywhere then.那时我发现人们到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者)Are you listening to them quarrelling?你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)Her remarks set me thinking.他的话引起了我的深思。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)The explosion sent us running in all directions.那次爆炸把我们轰得东奔西逃。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)【知识拓展】1过去分词作补语过去分词作补语，表示动作是被动的，动作

32、已经完成；或者表示一种状态。Did you leave the doors firmly fastened?你把门关牢了吗？Ill have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。2不定式作补语1)不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者动作已经结束。Did you notice him leave the room?你看到他离开房间了吗？I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。2)某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on,rely on,depend on,wait for,long for,vote for等。You can depe

33、nd on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。3)动词think,consider,believe,find,feel,know,guess,prove,suppose,imagine等词后面，常接“to be形容词(名词或反身代词)”结构。Hes thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱，又有名的情况

34、。【牛刀小试】(1)(2010浙 江 20)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and_less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.Abeing weighed Bto weighCweighed Dweighing答案：D题意：交通规则规定不满四岁不到40镑的儿童必须坐儿童安全座位。此处为定语，与所修饰的名词children之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。weigh为不及物动词，意为“有重量；称起来”。(2)(2010湖 南 21)Listen!Do

35、you hear someone _ for help?Acalling BcallCto call Dcalled答案：A题意：听！你听见有人在呼救吗？hear sb.do sth.听见某人干过某事；hear sb.doing sth.，听见某人正在干某事。(3)(2008全 国 12)The director had her assistant_some hot dogs for the meeting.Apicked up Bpicks upCpick up Dpicking up答案：C考查非谓语动词。在have宾语宾补的句式中，若宾补为动词，可构成have sth.done;have

36、 sb.do sth.(此时have相当于make)；或者have sb.doing sth.(听任某人干某事)。由句意不难看出C正确。(4)(2008北京35)It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular,and_better ones of your own.Aintroduces Bto introduceCintroducing Dintroduced答案：C本题考查了ing形式做宾语的用法。在本句中 and连 接 的 两 个 并 列 成 分 即 what引 导 的 从 句 和introducing be

37、tter ones of your own作consider的宾语。(5)(2010江苏省淮安市淮阴区高一下期末调测)Mary is often heard_playing piano in the next room in the evening.ApractiseBto practiseCpractisingDpracticed答案：C考查动词的ing形式作补语。题意：人们经常听到玛丽晚上练习钢琴。其主动结构为hear Mary practicing playing piano。(6)(2010福 建 省 三 明 市 五 校 高 一 下 期 中)His long_speech made t

38、he audience very_.No wonder many people fell asleep.Atiring;tiring Btired;tiredCtiring;tired Dtired;tiring答案：C考查非谓语动词作定语和宾语补足语。第一空修饰speech，用v.ing形式；第二空非谓语动词修饰audience，所以用过去分词形式。(7)(2010山东兖州市高一下模块检测)Beyond doubt，so much noise outside_himsettling down to_his homework.Akept；do Bprevented；do Ckept；doing

39、 Dprevented；doing答案：D考查句式。题意：毫无疑问，外面这么大的噪音使他无法安心做作业。第一空只能填prevent，构成prevent.(from)doing sth.句式，意为“阻止某人做某事”，keep也有这种句式，但是其中的from不省略，故不选keep；第二空settle down to“安心做某事”，to是介词。(8)(2010上海春招)The report indicated that 45%of students were in jobs not_specific qualifications.Arequiring Bto be requiredCbeing required Dto have required答案：A考查非谓语动词。题意：报告显示百分之四十的学生从事的工作都是不需要特别资质的。jobs 与require之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以选v.ing形式作定语。