2021届高考英语二轮语法复习学案：名词性从句 专题考点汇总.doc

1、名词性从句专题考点汇总&专项训练【考情分析】*改错1.从属连词与连接副词之间的错用；2连接代词(what，which和who等)之间的错用；3从属连词that与连词代词(尤其是what)之间的错用以及that与whether/if之间的错用；4从属连词that的缺失或多余。示例：1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to thatwhere I live.2After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found wherethat/去掉where his paren

2、ts were missing. *语法填空语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在对引导词的选择上，其中连接代词what与that, how，if与whether是考查的重点。1.As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been

3、 charged for the reservation.【语法剖析】*考点一表语从句1表语从句的引导词连接词that，whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。This is where we usua

4、lly think its easier to just give up.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。易错警示if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。2as if/as though引导表语从句as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great

5、 black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。3其他常考的表语从句(1)This/ That/ It is why表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为” (3)The reason why.is that表语从句“的原因是” From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is c

6、overed by water.从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。示例：.单句语法填空1The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.2“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.单句改错One of the main reasons for this is teachers work too hard bu

7、t get too little.在teachers前加that *考点二宾语从句1宾语从句的引导词连接词that，whether，if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadnt.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。Our teache

8、r always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。易错警示：(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；宾语从句前有插入语时；that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。2宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语

9、从句须与主句的时态保持一致。即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。3形式宾语宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/从句(2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoyit从句(3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely onit从句(4)固定搭配tak

10、e it for granted that/owe it to sb.that从句No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩早餐前散步。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。示例：.单句语法填空1When I walked on the street，I wanted to say how clean the streets we

11、re.2I dont doubt that the plan is practical，but I doubt whether/if he will stick to the plan until its finished.单句改错Id appreciate if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.在if前加it *考点三主语从句1主语从句的引导词连接词that，whether，if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、

12、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when，where，how，why在从句中作状语How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。The limits of a persons intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether

13、 he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。易错警示：(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。2形式主语it作形式主语的常见句型：(1)

14、Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)that从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported等)that从句(4)It不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)that从句It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。It is uncertain what side e

15、ffect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。易错警示：当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。示例：.单句语法填空1Every year，whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.2It

16、 is said that he is focusing on a book on space exploration.But when it will come out remains up in the air.单句改错That will come to help with my English hasnt been decided.ThatWho *考点四同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，su

17、ggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。易错警示that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用whic

18、h替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。示例：.单句语法填空1The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.2The question occurred to me where we should go to get the car repaired.We were in the middle of the forest at that time.单句改错We have offered him the position，but I dont have

19、 the slightest idea if he will accept it.ifwhether【技巧点拨】名词性从句与语法填空名词性从句与短文改错1.首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。1.首先分析句子结构，分析从句在全句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型；2检查连接词之间是否误用。尤其注意容易混淆的that与what、that与which、which与what、 if与whether；2判断从句中的连接词。(1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用whether/i

20、f；若句意完整，则用that。(2)若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词。(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如whether，because，as if 等)的用法。3检查连接词是否漏掉；4检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确；5检查主语从句与谓语动词的数是否一致；6检查作形式主语或形式宾语的it是否缺失。【综合训练】*单句改错1That is known to us all is that the 2020 Olympics will take place in Tokyo.2Dont take it for granted everyone should

21、adore you.3In a large busy city，we do everything as quickly as possible，especially eating.Thats because fast food is so popular.4Father made a promise what if I passed the examination，he would buy me a new dictionary.5Ill do a good job in whichever I do.Ill continue to take regular exercise. *短文改错Ma

22、ny people thinking that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I had read a story about Howard Joyce.He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.Therefore，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a miserably life.Although th

23、e best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have million of dollars but you are at poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to trying to make mo

24、ney.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with which you do.Health is more important. *单句语法填空1Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street，not knowing she was heading.2We must find out Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.3It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang

25、on to hope.4Richard swims three times a week after work.This is he keeps fit.5Since there is only one laboratory in the school，it is important to check the students can use it.6It is obvious the local government can do to protect the environment for the next generations.7However dark the road ahead

26、is，always keep your head up to the sky because thats your dreams lie.8The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.9 there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasnt been proved until now.10People are now eager to find out it is that t

27、he little boy survived the terrible disaster. *语篇语法填空Chinese brush calligraphy or“shufa”in Chinese is one of 1 most important art forms in China.Many Asian cultures have originated their own calligraphy styles，but Chinas is unequaled because of 2 (it)beauty，grace (优雅)and history.The 3 (origin)of Chi

28、nese brush calligraph are unknown，but local tales say it goes back over 4，000 years to the time of the legendary(传说的)Yellow Emperor(2698 BC2598 BC)At that time characters were carved on animal bones or tortoise shells.Only after Emperor Qin Shi Huang united China under his rule 4 one country did it

29、really gain popularity as a common art form.He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set， 5 (make) it easier for people to learn and master.This Chinese art form continued to progress and during the Tang Dynasty (618 AD907 AD) a new type of cursive script(草书)was formed and standardize

30、d.It is written 6 (free)，but its not as easy to read.Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly 7 (appreciate)across the world.Anyone can practice it and 8 is required is a simple set including：a brush，ink and paper.Its fun for amateurs to try，but to become g

31、ood at it，not only years of practice but also natural talent 9 (need)Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of great 10 (benefit) to health. *补全句子1无论谁违反法律，都应受到惩罚。 should be punished.2他没有告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。He didnt tell me 3我不知道怎么能到火车站。I have no idea 4如果我们想成功，我们应当相信我们做的事情，相

32、信我们自己。We should believe in if we are to succeed.5我们还没有解决今年到哪里去过暑假这个问题。We havent solved the question this year.参考答案：*单句改错1. ThatWhat2. 在everyone前加that3. becausewhy4. whatthat5. whicheverwhatever*短文改错Many people that wealth is better than health.I used to think so until one day I read a story about Ho

33、ward Joyce.He was European billionaire who got everything he wanted.，in the last twenty years of his life，his health began to get worse and he led a life.Although the best doctors called for him，he could still find no relief.I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.If you have

34、 of dollars but you are poor health，you will not be able to do what you want to do.So I would like to advise you not to hurt yourself to to make money.Instead，take care of your body and be happy with you do.Health is more important.*单句语法填空1) where2) when3) that4) how5) when6) what7) where8) that9) Whether10) how*语篇语法填空1the2its3origins4as/into5making6freely7appreciated8what9is needed10benefit*补全句子1 Whoever breaks the law2 when we would meet again3 how I can get to the railway station4 what we do and who we are5 where we are going to spend our summer vacation