2020年中考英语热点突破训练 短文填空之选词填空（含解析）.doc

1、短文填空之选词填空阅读短文，再从方框内选择恰当的单词，并用其适当的形式填空。请将正确答案填写在答题卡上的相应位置。share harm sad inIn recent years, many people think happiness is the most important thing, but facing 1 bravely may be more helpful. Some researchers in the University of Melbourne say that society is trying to avoid unhappy things. It will be

2、 2 to peoples health. One researcher says happy people may not be happy in their mind. These people hide unhappy things 3 their hearts. After a long time, this mood will be bad for mental and physical heath.How do we keep really happy? We should keep humorous, have lots of hobbies, be kind and 4 our

3、 fun with others more. If we are sad, we should tell others or cry loud. If we are happy, we should be really happy.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明，一直不愉快会使我们的身体健康出问题。总是把不高兴藏在心里对精神和身体有害。我们应该保持幽默，和他人分享乐趣。1. sadness 句意：但是，勇敢面对悲伤可能更加有帮助。和前面的happiness（幸福）相对的是悲伤，故填名词sadness。2. harmful 句意：不

4、愉快会有害健康。上一句提到整个社会都在尽力避免不愉快的事情，可知感到不幸对健康有害。短语“be harmful to”（对有害）在句中作表语用形容词，故填harmful。3. in 句意：这些人把不愉快的事情藏在心灵深处。名词heart前面用介词in，意为“在里面”，故填in。4. share 句意：我们应该保持幽默、拥有许多业余爱好、善良，并和他人分享更多乐趣。短语“share sth. with sb.”意为“和某人分享”，情态动词should后用动词原形，故填share。阅该下面的短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文意通顺，结构正确。（每个单词限用一次）come first how

5、 fly probably meter it for little andHave you ever dreamed of flying to school like Harry Potter? Of course, youre 1 not a magician. But Speeder could make your dreams 2 true. Speeder is a flying motorcycle. A US company made 3 . The company calls it the worlds 4 flying motorcycle. Speeder can take

6、off 5 land anywhere. It flies at 240 km per hour at a height of 4,500 6 in the sky. To reach that speed, Speeder mainly uses diesel fuel(柴油) to 7 . The company will do more research on 8 to use clean energy to power Speeder in the future. Speeder riders must weigh 9 than 109 kg. If a rider is too he

7、avy, it will be hard 10 the motorcycle to take off.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文介绍了一种新的飞行器飞车。飞车是一种飞行摩托。由美国的一家公司研制成功。它可以在任何地方起飞和降落。动力是柴油。它的飞行时速为240公里，飞行高度为4500米。飞车的自重必须小于109公斤。骑车的人不能太重，否则就无法飞行。41. probably 句意：当然，你可能不是魔术师。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：probably；probably是个副词，用在be动词

8、或形容词之后，“可能的”意思，一般用这个词的时候表示这个可能性很大的。本文的语境是：我们可能不是魔术师，不可能像哈利波特那样飞到学校。故答案为：probably。42. come 句意：但飞车可以让你的梦想成真。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：come；come true：梦想成真；本题make的用法：make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事。make为使役动词后跟动词原形。故答案为：come。43. it 句意：一家美国公司研制成功了。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：it；根据Speeder is a flying motorcycle. 飞车是一种飞行摩托。本题用代词it来代指上

9、文的speeder。所以答案为：it。44. first 句意：这家公司称之为世界上第一辆飞行摩托车。由空前面的定冠词the可知，本题应该填序数词。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：first；the worlds first flying motorcycle：世界上第一辆飞行摩托车。所以答案为：first。45. and 句意：飞车可以在任何地方起飞和降落。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：and；take off：起飞；land：着陆；这两个动作是并列的。因此应该用and连接。所以答案为：and。46. meters 句意：它以每小时240公里的速度飞行，飞行高度为4500米。由语境和所

10、给单词的意思可知，选择：meter；由4,500可知，后面的名词应该用复数，这里是指飞行的高度为4500米。故答案为：meters。47. fly 句意：为了达到这个速度，飞车主要使用柴油来飞行。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：fly；本题考查use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某物。to是动词不定式符号，后跟动词原形。所以答案填：fly。48. how 句意：公司将在未来对如何利用清洁能源驱动飞车进行更多的研究。疑问词+动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，做research on的宾语。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：how；how to use clean energy to

11、power Speeder：如何利用清洁能源为飞车提供动力。所以答案为：how。49. less 句意：飞车的自重必须小于109公斤。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：little；由比较连词than可知，本应该用形容词的比较级。little的比较级为less。故答案为：less。50. for 句意：如果骑车人太重，摩托车很难起飞。由语境和所给单词的意思可知，选择：for；本题考查句型：It will be +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对来说，做某事是怎么样的。语境是：对于飞车来说，骑车人太重它就很难起飞。故答案为：for。阅该下面的短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，

12、使文意通顺，结构正确。I shout kind coin thinkAn artist saw a beggar（乞丐）at the train station one day. He gave his last few 1 to the beggar. Then he saw another one, and forgot that he had no money in his pockets. He asked the man 2 if he would like to have lunch with him. The beggar agreed without 3 . So they h

13、ad a good meal together. In the end, he said to the beggar, Come home with 4 in a taxi, my friend. And Ill give you the money back. No way! the beggar 5 at once. Ive paid for your lunch. Im not going to pay for your taxi home!1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _【答案与解析】（1）coins 考查名词。根据语境他把最后几枚硬币给了乞丐，考虑用名词coin，意为

14、硬币，由空前的few推断此处填原形，故答案为 coins。（2）kindly 考查副词。根据语境他亲切地问那人是否愿意和他一起吃午饭，考虑用副词kind，意为和蔼的，由空前的动词asked推断此处填副词形式，故答案为 kindly。（3）thinking 考查动词。根据语境乞丐没有考虑就同意了，考虑用动词think，意为思考，由空前的介词without推断此处填-ing形式，故答案为 thinking。（4）me 考查代词。根据语境朋友，跟我坐出租车回家吧，考虑用代词me，意为我，由空前的介词with推断此处填宾格形式，故答案为 me。（5）shouted 考查动词。根据语境：没门！乞丐立刻喊

15、道，考虑用动词shout，意为叫喊，因本文为讲故事，推断此处填过去式形式，故答案为 shouted。阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给11个动词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化（可添加助动词或者情态动词），填入空白处。attend， return， set， wake， know， educate， eat， sleep， not do， study， askParents are the first teachers of their children. Many people in Beijing return to school only because they h

16、ave become parents.Ding Rong, a teacher from the Fourth Middle School of Beijing, said. Many parents either love their children too much or behave badly to them. They 1 little about home education and thus make mistakes, Because of this situation, parents schools are badly needed.I 2 to school next

17、month， and it will help me treat my children in a better way, said Xiao Cheng jun , a 40yearold woman worker. I decided to do it when I 3 the question. Do you really know your child?One pupil complained in a composition that his father always left so much smoke in the living room that he 4 his homew

18、ork there. Another wrote that his father often played mahjong（打麻将） at night while he 5 . The noise always 6 him up.Its the fathers fault not to educate his son himself, is an old saying.” But it is also the fathers fault if he 7 his son a bad example, said Zhen Yan.A parent said, I 8 in the parents

19、school for one year. After 9 the school, I know more about my child and she also understands me more.Do you think your parents know how 10 you properly? Do you want them to enter parents schools?1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _【答案与解析】【文章大意】父母是孩子的第一位老师，家庭教育非常重要。本文介绍了为了更好的了解并教育他们的孩子，现

20、在许多家长去家长学校学习。36. know 句意：他们对家庭教育知之甚少，因而犯了错误。结合语境可知此处表示“他们对家庭教育了解甚少”，know“了解”，动词，描述一般现状用一般现在时，主语they是第三人称复数，谓语动词用原形，故答案填know。37. will return 句意：我下个月就要回学校了，这将有助于我更好地对待我的孩子。return to school返回学校，根据next month可知时态是一般将来时，故答案填will return。38. was asked 句意：当我被问到这个问题时，我决定这么做。ask “问”，动词，主语与ask之间是被动关系，句子使用被动语态，结

21、合decided可知时态是一般过去时，主语是第一人称单数，be动词用was，故答案填was asked。39. couldnt do 句意：一个学生在一篇作文中抱怨说，他的父亲总是在客厅里留着那么多烟雾，以致他不能在那里做家庭作业。结合“客厅里有太多烟雾”可知此处表示“他没法在那里做作业”；not do 不能做，其中not是否定副词，do是动词原形，表示做；can 能够，情态动词，时态是一般过去时，此处使用could，它的否定形式是couldnt，后面接动词原形do，故答案填couldnt do。40. was sleeping 句意：另一个人写道，他父亲经常在晚上睡觉的时候打麻将，这声音总是

22、把他吵醒。sleep 睡觉，动词；这是while引导的时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生，主句是一般过去时，从句用过去进行时，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用was，故答案填was sleeping。41. woke 句意：另一人写道，他父亲经常在晚上睡觉的时候打麻将，这声音总是把他吵醒。wake 醒，动词；up 吵醒某人，此处时态是一般过去时，使用它的过去式，故答案填woke。42. sets 句意：但如果他给儿子树立了一个坏榜样，那也是父亲的错。结合语境可知此处表示“但如果他爸爸给他建立不好的榜样，这也是他爸爸的错”，set 建立，动词；根据it is可知if引导的从句时态为一般现在时，

23、主语he是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故答案填sets。43. have studied 句意：我在家长学校里学习了一年。此句缺少谓语动词，study 学习，动词，根据for one year可知时态是现在完成时，主语I是第一人称单数，使用have + studied即可，故答案填have studied。44. attending 句意：上学后，我对我的孩子了解得更多，她也更了解我。根据“我更加了解我的孩子，她也更理解我了”可知此处表示“我入学后”；attend“进入，参加”，动词，介词after后接动词的动名词形式attending，故答案填attending。45. to

24、educate 句意：你认为你的父母知道如何正确地教育你吗？根据“你想让他们加入家长学校吗？”可知此处表示“你觉得你父母知道如何正确地教育你吗?”educate“教育”，动词；此处是“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，故答案填to educate。将下列单词的适当形式填入空格，每空限填一词，每词只能用一次。continue make place careful who same stop before good somethingA man named Bill once visited a temple that was still being built. He saw a sculptor（雕刻家

25、）（1） a sculpture. As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby. He felt strange and asked the sculptor， Why are you creating two （2） sculptures? Do you need two to put in different （3） ?No. the man said without looking up， We need only one，

26、but the first one became damaged（损害）（4） I could finish it， so I m working on a new one. Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it （5） . But he couldnt find （6） wrong with it. Where is the damage? he asked. There is a scratch（划痕） on the sculptures nose the sculptor said while （7） his work.

27、 Bill then asked Where are you going to place the sculpture？The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height. If the sculpture is up that high,（8） is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose? Bill asked. The sculptor（9） his work, looking up at the man

28、and said, I will know it. The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work. Even if other people didnt notice it, it mattered to him that his work should be of the （10） quality（质量）. This is an attitude we should work hard to have. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _【答案与解析】【

29、文章大意】这是一篇选词填空，主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事，通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度. （1）making 考查动名词，see sb doing看见某人正在做某事，make a sculpture雕刻，故答案为making. （2）same 考查形容词，根据上文As he watched the man work on the sculpture， he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby. 当他观看那个人雕刻时，他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像，因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑.

30、 故答案为same. （3）places 考查可数名词复数，different不同的，后跟可数名词复数，结合语境，你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑，你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗？故答案为places. （4）before 考查时间副词，结合语境，我们只需要一个，但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了. 判断是完成之前，故答案为before. （5）carefully 考查副词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题. examine为实意动词，用副词修饰，故答案为carefully. （6）anything 考查不定代词， couldnt 否定词，结合语境，Bill捡起受

31、损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题. 否定句中不定代词用anything. 故答案为anything. （7）continuing 考查动名词，while后动词用ing形式，结合语境，雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕雕刻家边说边继续工作. 故答案为continuing. （8）who 考查疑问代词，结合语境，如果雕塑放那么高的话，谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕. 故答案为who. （9）stopped 考查动词，本文谓语动词用过去式，判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，结合语境，雕刻家停下他的工作，看着那个男人说：我会知道. 故答案为stopped. （10）best 考查形容词最高级，quality为名词，前用形容词，the后形容词用最高级，结合语境，即使别人没有注意到，他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要. 故答案为best.