高中英语主谓一致（71张PPT）.ppt

1、“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are,were,have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。一般语法书在具体处理一致关系时皆要求遵循以下三原则:远近一致、语法一致、意义一致。there be 句子是倒装结构，其中be的数的变化取决于最临近的一个主语。e.g.There is a banana and seven apples on the table.就近原则there beeitheror或者或者,连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。e.g.Either he or I am to be

2、responsible for the accident.就近原则eitherorneithernor既不也不,连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。e.g.Neither his parents nor he is interested in swimming.就近原则neithernornot onlybut also不仅而且,连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数随就近的一个。e.g.Not only the students but alsothe teacher dances to the music.就近原则not only but alsonotbut.不是而是,连接两个主语时，谓语动

3、词的数随就近的一个。e.g.Not the headmaster but the teachersare in favour of the plan.就近原则not but there be 有。not onlybut also不仅。而且。either or 或者。或者。neither nor 既不。也不。not but不是。而是。1 _(be)he or you singing in the room?2.Not only the students but also their teacher _(be)interested in football.3.Neither you nor I _

4、 wrong.4.There _(be)seven barbers and only one customer in the shop.5.Not his parents but he _(like)to go for a picnic.Isisamarelikes1)On the wall _ famous paintings.A.have B.are C.is D.has2)There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has3)Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of hav

5、ing one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be4)One or perhaps more pages _ missing.A.is B.are C.has D.have 5)Peter,perhaps John,_ playing with the little dog.A.seems B.were C.are D.is6)_ he _ I finished the experiment?A.Have neither/nor B.Has neither/nor C.Have neither/or D.Have either/or7)

6、_ either he or I fit for the job?Neither he nor you _.A.Am;are B.Is;are C.Are;are D.Is;is以along with,together with,with,as well as,accompanied by,rather than,but,except 连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。1.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known2.I,rather than you,_ responsible for

7、the accident.A.am B.are C.has D.have3.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered4.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were5.Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A.was B.were C.have been D

8、.had been6.The house,including the garden and the garage,_ sold out.A.was B.were C.has D.have 7.No one except my parents _ anything about it.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.have known8.Several passengers,together with the driver,_ hurt in the accident.A.was B.were C.is D.are 由and连接两个名词作主语，不是指同一个人、同一物或

9、同一概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。当and连接两个表示同一个人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如果名词前要加冠词，往往在第一个名词前才用，第二个名词前不用冠词修饰常见的有bread and butter,a knife and fork，a teacher and musician,a cart and horse等。e.g.Fire and water dont agree.水火不相容。The singer and dancer is popular with the young people.Bread and butter is what they usually have f

10、or breakfast.语法一致a teacher and writer 一个教师作家单数它的美吸引了每一个国王和王后。译文：Every king and every queen was attracted by its beauty.两个并列名词分别由 every，each,many a,no等修饰，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。e.g.Each boy and each girl has an English dictionary.Many a boy and many a girl made the same mistake in the exercise.No man and n

11、o animal is on the moon.语法一致each boy and each girl 每一个男孩和女孩单数主语后面接有with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,in addition to,like,except,but,including,besides等词构成的短语修饰时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。就远一致with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,in addition to,like,except,but,including,beside

12、s很多种方法都被他们尝试过了。译文：Many a way was tried by them.“more than one+单数名词（不止一个）”，“many a(许多)”虽然表示复数含义，但谓语动词用单数。e.g.More than one person was present at the meeting.Many a student has passed the exam.语法一致many a more than one单数但艰苦努力都是徒劳。译文：But hard working was in vain.不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。e.g.Seeing

13、is believing.=To see is to believe.When well go out for an outing hasbeen decided.语法一致不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句做主语谓语用单数当时有99的人都反对把车让给国王。译文：99of the population wereagainst the kings ownership of the cart and horse.百分数(或分数)+of+可数名词单数(或不可数名词)，谓语用单数；百分数 (或分数)+of+名词复数，谓语用复数。e.g.Twenty percent of the workers in

14、the factory are women.More than 70 percent of the surfaceof the earth is covered by water.语法一致百分数(或分数)+of+可数名词单数(或不可数名词)，谓语用单数百分数(或分数)+of+名词复数，谓语用复数。只有勇士张飞，才是唯一有资格拥有这辆马车的人。译文：Zhang Fei was the only one of the people who had the right to own the cart and horse.在定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。在先行词前有o

15、ne of 修饰时，从句谓语动词与复数名词保持一致;在先行词前有the only one of,the very one of 等修饰时，从句谓语动词与one保持一致，用第三人称单数形式。e.g.He was one of the men in the office who were invited to the ball.He was the only one of the men in the office who was invited to the ball.语法一致one of 复数the only one of,the very one of 单数只要这辆马车一跑，就会趟起大量的尘

16、土。译文：Huge quantities of dirt were raised by the cart as long as the horse ran.e.g.Huge quantities of good earth havebeen blown away in this area.large amounts of 和 huge quantities of 后即使跟的是不可数名词，谓语动词也要用复数形式。语法一致amounts of,quantities of谓语用复数由and连接两个名词作主语，不是指同一个人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词一般用_数。当and连接两个表示同一个人，同一物

17、或同一概念时，谓语动词常用_数形式，如果名词前要加冠词，往往在第一个名词前才用，第二个名词前_用冠词修饰。复单不两个并列名词分别由every，each,many a,no等修饰，作主语时，谓语动词用 _。第三人称单数主语后面接有with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,in addition to,like,except,but,including,besides等词构成的短语修饰时，谓语动词的数与_保持一致。前面的主语“more than one+单数名词（不止一个）”，“many a(许多)”虽然表示复 数含义，但谓语动词与单

18、数名词保持一致，习惯上用_数。不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句作主语，谓语动词用_数。单单百分数(或分数)+of+可数名词单数(或不可数名词)，谓语用_数；百分数 (或分数)+of+名词复数，谓语用_数。在定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。在先行词前有one of修饰时，从句谓语动词与_保持一致;在先行词前有the only one of,the very one of 等修饰时，从句谓语动词与_ 保持一致,用_形式。单复复数名词one第三人称单数large amounts of 和 huge quantities of 后即使跟的是不可数名词，谓语动词也要用

19、_形式。复数1.Each man and woman _ the same rights.A.has B.have C.had D.is having2.Every means _ tried but without much result.A.has been B.have been C.are D.is 3.There _ in this room.A.are too much furniture B.is too many furnitures C.are too much furnitures D.is too much furniture4.Generally,students in

20、ner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.A.is B.are C.was D.were5.More than one worker _ dismissed.A.have been B.are C.has been D.has6.Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.A.have realized B.has realized C.have been realized B.has be

21、en realized7.Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.A.is B.am C.are D.was8.Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.A.is going B.are going C.has been going D.have been going10.Whisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a.is b.are c.were d.have been11.No one except two students

22、_ the meeting.A.has been late for B.have been late for C.was late for D.were later for12.All but him and me _ to the exhibition.A.am going B.is going C.are going D.was going13.Four-fifths of the crop _.A.are ruined B.was ruined C.were ruined D.have been ruined14.Three-fourths of the buildings _.A.wa

23、s destroyed B.is destroyed C.were destroyed D.has been destroyed15.A number of cars _ in front of the park.A.is parked B.was parked C.are parked D.has parked16.The number of articles published on smoking _ amazing.A.is B.are C.were D.have been受伤的人们都戴着眼镜。译文：The wounded were wearing glasses.“the+形容词或过

24、去分词”，如：the rich,the poor,the blind,the old,the injured,the wounded作主语时，表示具体的某类人或事，谓语动词常常用复数形式。e.g.The rich make the poor slaves.The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.意义一致the+形容词或过去分词谓语用复数受伤的人们都戴着眼镜。译文：The wounded were wearing glasses.表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes,pincers(钳子),ton

25、gs(夹钳)shears(大剪刀，剪床),scissors(剪子)。使用这些词作主语时，谓语应该用复数。若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers，谓语动词用相应的单复数。e.g.A pair of glasses is necessary to the near-sighted.意义一致表示由两部分构成的东西，如glasses，谓语用复数正在看一千零一夜的故事。译文：They are reading“the Arabian Nights”.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，用在句子中作主语时，谓语动

26、词用单数。如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b.news 是不可数名词。c.国家名称the United States，the United Nations，应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。e.g.The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。“New York Times”is a very influenti

27、al paper.纽约时报是一份很有影响的报纸。意义一致maths,news,the United States,The Arabian Nights 谓语用单数这时，从远处来了一群牛，牛背上驮着家具，这些家具值3万美元译文：Just then,a herd of cattle came from the distance,with furniture on their backs,which was worth 30000 dollars.集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people、police、cattle、audience、jewellery、clothing等本身就是复数，

28、不能说 a people，a police，a cattle。英文中还有些单词，可以看作是一个整体，这时是单数，也可以看作是很多个体，这时表复数的概念,例如：class（班；全班同学）,team（队；全体队员）,family（家庭；全家人）等。人民警察都是牛，复数e.g.My class often wins first in the competition.My class are all girl students.The family lives happily.The family all like potatoes and tomatoes.以下一些词是不可数名词，在句子中当单数处理

29、:furniture,equipment。意义一致people,police,cattle只有复数形式。family,class单复按需而定。furniture,equipment当单数处理。3万美元可是一大笔钱啊。译文：30000 dollars is a big sum of money.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词或短语作主语时，常常看作一个整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数。e.g.Another three years has passed.Thirty-six thousand francs is a big sum for the couple to pay off.意义一致

30、时间、距离、金钱、重量等谓语用单数“the+形容词或过去分词”，如：the rich,the poor,the blind,the old,the injured,the wounded作主语时，表示具体的某类人或事，谓语动词常常用_ 形式。复数表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses，trousers,clothes，pincers,tongs shears，scissors 剪子。使用这些词作主语时，谓语应该用_。以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，用在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用_。如：maths，politics，physics，news，the United States，the United

31、 Nations，the New York Times等。复数单数 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为_数。如：people,police,cattle。英文中还有些单词，可以看作是一个整体，这时是_数，也可以看作是很多个体，这时表_数的概念。例如：class（班；全班同学）,team（队；全体队员）,family（家庭；全家人）等。复单复 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词或短语作主语时，常常看作一个整体，谓语动词用_。第三人称单数形式1.The number of visitors are very large this year.2.The population in China ar

32、e very large,but 80%of that are farmers.3.Five minutes are enough to do this exercise.isisis4.Each boy and each girl want to serve the people in the future.5.A pair of shoes are on the desk.6.The girls teacher and friend are young.7.Between the two windows hang a picture.wantsisishangs8.This is one of the most interesting questions that has been asked.9.The teacher as well as the students were excited.havewas