高中英语语法——宾语补足语（20张PPT）.ppt

1、 the Object Complement宾语补足语 We found the ruins most interesting.谓语宾语宾语补足语概念：宾语补足语常常放在宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，补充说明宾语“怎么了”和宾语一起构成复合宾语。1.We call her Jenny.2.The sun keeps us warm.3.He ordered them away.4.Make yourself at home.5.They wish you to go with them.6.I heard him singing.7.Speak louder to make yours

2、elf heard.名词形容词副词介词短语动词不定式现在分词过去分词类型：可以用作宾语补足语的有_ _。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词(n.)(adj.)(adv.)(to do)(doing)(done)(prep.)1名词、形容词、副词和介词短语作宾语补足语(1)_作宾语补足语常见的能接名词作宾语补足语的动词有consider,find,make,elect,name,call,think,choose等。We _Lin Tao monitor of our class.我们选林涛当我们的班长。We _ it our duty to help others.我

3、们认为帮助别人是我们的职责。madethink名词 They elected John _ of the committee.A.a chairman B.chairmen C.the chairman D.chairman当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头头衔、职位衔、职位时，前面一般时，前面一般不用冠词不用冠词，这些名词有，这些名词有:chairman/monitor/president/governor/mayor 等等。(2)_和_作宾语补足语常见的能接形容词和副词作宾语补足语的动词有consider,get,make,keep等。L

4、iu Ming finds_to practise speaking English every day.刘明发现每天练习说英语很重要。Keep the dog _!让那条狗待在外面。形容词副词it importantit 为形式宾语out (3)_作宾语补足语常见的能接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有regard,treat,look on,consider,take,find等。We regard labour _ a matter of honour.我们认为劳动是光荣的。Keep the books _ the shelf.把书放在书架上介词短语ason 2现在分词、过去分词和不定

5、式作宾语补足语(1)_作宾语补足语表示动作_或_，常见的能接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有have,keep,catch,find,leave,get,see,watch等。I heard them _ an English song in the classroom.我听见他们正在教室里唱一首英文歌曲。I saw some peasants _trees over there.我看见一些农民正在那边种树。现在分词singing 正在进行状态的持续planting 考题印证2(2010湖南高考)Listen!Do you hear someone _ for help?Acalling Bcal

6、lCto call Dcalled解析：选。考查非谓语动词。由listen可知，此处用hear sb.doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”，calling在句中是现在分词作动词hear的宾语补足语。A(2)_作宾语补足语可表示_或动作_。常见的能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have,keep,find,leave,get,make,see,watch等。He found the room _.他发现房间已被打扫过了。过去分词cleaned 被动完成已完成考题印证331(2012四川高考)Before driving into the city,you are required to g

7、et your car _.Awashed BwashCwashing Dto wash解析：选。考查非谓语动词。考查过去分词作宾语补足语。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth.done。故选A项。句意：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。A(3)_作宾语补足语带to的不定式。常见的能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有warn,ask,invite,persuade,tell,order,beg,require,teach,force,encourage,allow,forbid等。Miss White told me _o

8、n the wall again.怀特小姐让我不要再往墙上写字了。I warned Lin Tao _in the river alone.我警告林涛不要单独去河里游泳。不定式not to writenot to swim不带to的不定式。常见的能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有感官动词(短语)see,look at,observe,watch,notice,hear,listen to,feel等和使役动词make,let,have等。I noticed a strange man _the post office.我注意到一名古怪男子从邮局经过。Who had the little

9、boy _the windows?是谁要那个小男孩擦洗窗户的？pass byclean 3.Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _ by his little sister.A.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry(A)五看：notice observe,see,watch,look at 三使：let,have,make二听：hear,listen to一感：feel吾看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉点津(1)若感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，

10、作主语补足语的不定式要带to。He was made _ the car for the boss for free.他被迫为老板免费洗车。(2)感官动词后接不定式作宾语补足语强调动作的_；接现在分词作宾语补足语强调动作_。试比较：I saw him clean the classroom.I saw him cleaning the classroom.to clean全过程正在进行我看见他扫教室了我看见他正在扫教室。二、either.or.和neither.nor.的用法1either.or.意为_表示两者之一，连接句子中两个_的成分。When the girl is happy,she

11、_ sings _ dances.那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。【点津】：either.or.连接两个_时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“_原则”。Either you or I _ going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。Either you or he _ lunch at school.“或者或者”；“不是就是”并列either oram主语就近does其一般疑问句应为：_ either you or I going there tomorrow?_ either you or he have lunch at s

12、chool?是你还是他在学校吃午饭？AreDo考题印证4(2009湖南高考)Either you or one of your students_to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Aare BisChave Dbe解析：选。考查主谓一致。either.or.连接两个代词或名词作主语时，谓语动词依其最近的代词或名词确定，即谓语动词的形式遵循就近一致原则。B2neither.nor.表示_。其含义是否定的，可连接句中的两个并列的成分。She likes _ butter _ cheese.她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。Neither dad nor

13、 mum _ at home today.今天父母都不在家。“既不也不”neither noris 若将neither.nor.句型变为肯定句，只需把neither.nor.改为both.and.即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。Both dad and mum _ at home today.今天父母都在家。are neither单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”,即 _否定。Neither of them _ football.他们俩都不喜欢足球。当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nor进行简略陈述，其结构为：Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/b

14、e动词+主语。He doesnt go to school by bike._.他不是骑自行车上学，我也不是。They didnt go to the park yesterday._.昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。likes完全Neither/Nor do INeither/Nor did I主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数等方面要保持一致。主谓一致一般要遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近原则及逻辑意义一致原则。1语法一致原则语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同的人或事，谓语动词用复数,and连接的两个名词指

15、同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。What he said and what he did_(have/has)greatly encouraged the other students.他的话语和行为鼓舞了其他同学。The famous writer and poet _(give)a talk twice a day.那位著名的作家兼诗人每两天作一场报告。havegives(2)由no.and no.,each.and each.,every.and every.,many a(许多).and many a.等构成复合主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every student and every t

16、eacher _(be)in the classroom.每个学生和每位老师都在教室里。No boy and no girl _(like)it.没有哪个男孩或女孩喜欢它。waslikes(3)主语中有with,together with,along with,except,but,like,as well as,rather than,more than,no less than,besides,including,such as,as much as,in addition to等引起的短语，适用于就前原则Mr Green,together with his wife and childr

17、en,_（have）come to China.格林先生和妻子、孩子一起来到了中国。60 students as well as their Chinese teacher _(be)going to Beijing tomorrow.明天60个学生和他们的语文老师都将去北京。hasare考题印证5(2012陕西高考)The basketball coach,as well as his team,_ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.Awere BwasCis Dare解析：选。考查时态

18、和主谓一致。句意：由于杰出的表现，在比赛之后不久，篮球教练和他的队员接受了采访。主语后接as well as,along with,together with等构成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。故此处用单数谓语动词，排除A、D两项。根据语境判断，此处表示过去的事情，故选B。B(5)“one of复数名词”后的定语从句关系词作主语时，从句谓语动词用复数；而“the only one of复数名词”后的定语从句关系词作主语时，从句谓语动词却用单数。He is one of the students who _（have）been to Shanghai.他是那些去过上海的学生中的一个。H

19、e is the only one of the student who _（have）been to Shanghai.他是那些学生中唯一去过上海的。havehas(6)“many a”，“more than one”和“one名词单数or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a teacher _（have）that kind of opportunity.很多老师都有那种机遇。More than one person_ (be)involved in this.与此事有牵连的人不止一个。One spelling mistake or two _（have）been found i

20、n your composition.One or two spelling mistakes _（have）been found in your composition.在你的作文中发现了一两个拼写错误。hasishashave考题印证6(2010陕西高考)It is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster area.Aare being built Bwere being builtCwas being built Dis being built解析：选。考查语态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，目前在灾区人们正在建设

21、大量新房屋。many a名词作主语，谓语用单数，根据at present可知，时态为现在时。D2就近一致原则在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。(1)当两个主语由either.or.,neither.nor.，whether.or.,not only.but also.,not.but.连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。_(be)either you or he good at English?是你还是他擅长英语？Either you or he _(be)good at English.不是你就是他擅长英语。AreisNot only the students but

22、also the teacher _(want)to go climbing.学生和老师都想去爬山。wants(2)there be句型中，be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。There _ two chairs and a desk in the room.There _ a desk and two chairs in the room.房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。areis3逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词中的数必须和主语的意义一致(因为有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，意义却为单数)。(1)all of

23、,most of,a lot of,some of,half of,the rest of,plenty of,part of,twothirds of,the majority of,百分数等加名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据后面名词的数而定。The rest of the boys _(be)out.其他的男孩子出去了。All of the work _(have)been done.所有的工作都做完了。werehas考题印证771(2011湖南高考)Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the c

24、itizens _black people.Ais;are Bis;is Care;are Dare;is 解析：选。考查主谓一致。句意：这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖，而且大多数公民是黑人。onethird of the country 指“一个国家的三分之一”，后面的谓语动词应用单数形式；the majority 后面的citizens 为复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。A72(2011安徽高考)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.Ais Ba

25、re Cwas Dwere解析：选。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：这家工厂使用了65%的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的which 指的是raw materials,所以谓语动词用复数，再结合前半句中的时态可判断D项正确。D(2)all单独作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示物时，谓语动词用单数形式。All _(have)gone to Beijing.所有的人都去了北京。All _(be)going well.一切顺利。haveis(3)“形复意单”的名词作主语时的主谓一致。表示时间、重量、距离、金钱等的名词作主语时，往往看成一个整体，谓语

26、动词用单数。Fifteen miles _(seem)like a long walk to me.走十五英里对我来说好像太远了。One hundred dollars _ (be)not a large sum of money.一百美元不算一大笔钱。seemsis一些科学名词是以ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等，都属于形式上像复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works _(be)built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。I think physics _(

27、be)not easy to study.我认为物理不好学。wasis由两部分构成的物体，如glasses,scissors,trousers,jeans等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。但物体前若用pair of，谓语动词的单复数常取决于pair的单复数。The glasses _(be)yours.这副眼镜是你的。There _(be)a new pair of compasses.有一副新圆规。areis少数名词，如means等作主语时，谓语动词单复数根据所表达的概念而定。Every means _ (have)been tried.每一种方法都试过了。All possible means

28、_(have)been tried.所有可能的方法都试过了。hashave(4)集体名词作主语时的主谓一致。某些集体名词，如family,team,class,enemy,majority,group,government,public,party,army,firm,company等作主语，如视作一个整体，作单数用。如果强调该集体的各个成员，则作复数用。His family _(be)small.他的家庭是个小家庭。His family _(be)all model workers.他的家人全是先进工作者。isarepeople,police,cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。The police _(be)looking for the missing child.警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。are(5)“the形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。The young _(be)good at English.年轻人大部分擅长英语。Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured.The injured _(be)rushed to hospital.昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。arewas