高考英语复习：考前回顾之省略句.ppt

1、 在英语中，为了使句子简洁明快，突出重点，常用省略句，只要不影响句意的表达，能省略的成分尽可能省略。省略现象随处可见,大致可分为以下几种情况。一、句子成分的省略 1.省略主语。如:Havent seen you for ages!好久不见了!2.省略谓语。如：(Is there)Anything you want?你要什么东西吗?(Does)Anybody need help?有人要帮忙吗?3.省略宾语。如：I dont know(where he is).我不知道。4.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分），只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如：(Im)Afraid I cant come.恐怕我

2、不能来了。(Have you)Got any ink?你有墨水吗?【高考链接】Its a long time since I saw my sister.（2007全国卷1）_her this weekend?A.Why not visit B.Why not to visit C.Why not visiting D.Why dont visit 解析：答案为A。本题考察省略结构，这里why not visit=Why didnt you visit，这种既注重基础又兼顾生活交际的试题，其实多数学生感觉很容易能得出正确的A答案。二、复合句的省略 1.在含有状语从句的复合句中由when，whi

3、le，as,once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。When(she was)asked,she didnt answer a word.Water can be changed into vapor if(it is)heated.When(

4、you are)working,you must pay attention.We may try again when(it is)necessary.【高考链接】We all know that,_,the situation will get worse.（2007全国卷1）A.not if dealt carefully with B.if not carefully dealt with C.if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with 解析：答案为B。本题考查状语从句的省略问题，即根据本句完整句子应该补充为：if

5、（it is）not carefully dealt with，当然，现在的语言中，已经把这种省略形式固定化了即：if not.2.在限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which,whom可以省略；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which。All you ever want to do is going shopping.Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?What surprised me was not what he said bu

6、t the way he said it.【高考链接】Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes，theres one point_ we must insist on.(NMET2006江西卷)Awhy Bwhere Chow D/答案为D。有一点（point）我们必须要坚持的。先行词point 在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词that 省略，故答案为D。3.宾语从句的省略。如：Tom has gone home,but I dont know why(he has gone home).I heard(that)he had gone abro

7、ad.【高考链接】Having checked the doors were closed,and _ all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.(2007湖南卷)A.why B.that C.when D.where 解析：答案为B。that引导并列的宾语从句，Having前省去that,并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句即使省略第一个that,第二个that 一般不能省。在并列句中,如果后面的分句,与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如:He teaches English and h

8、is brother maths.We have been waiting for her to come back to see us,but(we have been waiting)in vain.【高考链接】He has made a lot of films,but_ good ones.（2007北京卷）A.any B.some C.few D.many 解析：答案为C。他制作了很多电影，但是好的很少。But 引导的并列句子进行了省略but few good ones=but he made few good ones.三、并列句的省略 注意：有时可用so代替宾语从句,以避免重复前

9、面所说的内容,可以用于这类结构的动词有think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess,hope等.肯定回答结构为“主语+动词+so”,否定回答结构为“主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so”或“主语+动词+not”。但动词为hope,guess时,否定回答只能说hope(guess)not,不能说dont hope(guess)so。It is sunny today.So it is.(=Its really sunny today.)【高考链接】Will you be able to finish your respect today?.（NMET2006全

10、国卷II，6）A.I like it B.I hope so C.Ill do so D.Id love it 解析：答案为B。考查情景对话。句意为“希望如此”。六、不定式的省略 1.在see,watch,hear,feel,observe,notice,look at,listen to等感观动词及使役动词let,make,have 后的宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。如：I havent told you that my family made a lot of money in the nineteenth

11、 century by making children work 16 hours a day in their factories.The children were made to work more than 16 hours a day.【高考链接】Excuse me sir,where is Room 301?(2007北京卷）Just a minute.Ill have Bob _you to your room.A.showB.shows C.to show D.showing 解析：答案为A。have sb.do sth.结构中，不定式结构to do 省略to.故本句的结构应是

12、：Ill have Bob show you to your room.2.系动词（be）+形容词，即be afraid/ready/glad/happy/willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号，例如：Could you go shopping with me?Im glad to(go shopping with you).【高考链接】Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?Not at all._.(NMET1995)A

13、.Ive no time B.Id rather not C.Id like it D.Ill be happy to 解析：正确答案是D.to后省略了look after your cat。3.mean,try,want,would like,would love,afford等后面接不定式时：Did you get a ticket?No,I meant to(get one),but there werent any left【高考链接】Why havent you bought any butter?I _ to but I forgot about it.(2001北京春季)A.li

14、ked B.wished C.meant D.expected 解析：这道题的难度较大，因为like,wish,expect 和mean 都可以后接动词不定式作宾语。但是从提供的情景分析，是打算买而没有买，应填meant。mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.的意思是“意味着”。这句话的意思是“我本打算去买，但我忘了。”，故答案为C。4.tell,warn,order,advise,ask等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时：The students want to enter the lab,but the monitor advises them n

15、ot to(enter the lab).【高考链接】The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.(NMET1995)A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 解析：正确答案是A.to后省略了ride his bicycle in the street.1.When first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.A.introducingB.introducedC.int

16、roduceD.being introduced2.It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss.(NMET 2004全国IV)A.questioningB.having questionedC.questionedD.to be questioned3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.(NMET 2004湖北)A.the wayB.in the way thatC.in the wayD.the way which

17、4.Susan,will you please go and empty that drawer?_?（NMET 2004 I）A.What forB.What is itC.How is itD.How come5.Im looking forward as much to her return as she herself to _ me.A.have seenB.seeingC.meetD.be met 6.Who can you turn to in time of danger,if not _?A.ourselvesB.oursC.weD.us7.Did you visit the

18、 museum last week?No,we _,but we spent too much time shopping.A.could haveB.couldC.must haveD.must8.Is your mother going to the supermarket？No，_.A.she doesntB.shes cookingC.she gets by busD.to a tailors shop9.She may not be free today._，well have to put the meeting off.A.If mayB.If notC.If she may n

19、otD.If she may not be free today10.She hurriedly left the room as if _.A.she angryB.was angryC.it was angryD.angry 11._，I will help you with your work.A.If I am possibleB.If it possibleC.If possibleD.Possible12.Do you follow me？Yes，_.A.it is goodB.I willC.perfectlyD.very good13.How many poor countie

20、s will there be in our province by 2010?There will be only a few,if _.A.muchB.someC.anyD.many14.How are you getting on with your work?Oh,Im sorry.Things arent going so well as _.A.plansB.planningC.plannedD.to plan15.Are you a teacher?No,but I _.I worked in a middle school for three years.A.am B.will C.do D.was