上海市长宁区2021届高三英语下学期4月教学质量检测（二模）试题（含解析）.doc

1、上海市长宁区2021届高三英语下学期4月教学质量检测（二模）试题（含解析）（满分140分; 考试时间120分钟）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questi

2、ons will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Where does this conversation most probably take place?A. At the airport.B.

3、In the cinema.C. At a restaurant.D. In a shopping mall.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Do you have a table for three?M: Yes, Madam. Where do you want it, upstairs or downstairs?Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Ask for a mornin

4、g call.B. Book a later flight.C. Take the early flight.D. Cancel his trip.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: I hope I wont oversleep tomorrow morning. Ive simply got to catch the first flight to New York.W: If I were you, Id request the wake-up call from the hotel reception.Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?

5、3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman has a good gardener.B. The woman is good at gardening.C. The man offers to do the gardening.D. The man wants to hire a gardener.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Your yard always looks so beautiful! You must have a gardener.W: Oh, no. A garden

6、er is too expensive for me. I do all the work by myself.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are they saying about Alan Smith?A. He finished his degree long ago.B. Hell work for his degree for four more years.C. He began his studies four years ago.D. He has just star

7、ted working on his degree.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: How long has Alan Smith been working on his degree? Four years?M: At least that long.Q: What are they saying about Alan Smith?5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What do we learn from the conversation?A. It was miserable all day long.B. The trip was ruined by the bad weat

8、her.C. It was sunny on Saturday morning.D. The trip turned out to be good.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: Hows your trip to Hangzhou last Saturday?W: It rained heavily in the morning, but luckily it turned sunny in the afternoon.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can be inferred fr

9、om the conversation?A. The party was a big surprise.B. Kate has a lot of friends.C. The man agreed with the woman.D. The woman knows Kate well.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: I cant believe there were so many people at Kates party.M: Its really no surprise. Shes been extremely popular since she was a child.Q: What

10、can be inferred from the conversation?7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Why did the man apologize?A. Hes got too much in his mind.B. He brought the wrong book.C. He didnt keep his promise.D. He forgot the name of the book.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Did you remember to bring me the book you promised?M: Im so sorry. It comp

11、letely slipped my mind.Q: Why did the man apologize?8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What does the woman mean?A. They must check out immediately.B. The swimming pool in the hotel is closed.C. Its not easy to call a taxi to the airport.D. She agrees to go swimming with the man.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: This is our last d

12、ay here. Lets go swimming one more time.W: We dont have much time left. Wed better leave the hotel now. It takes us at least one hour to get to the airport by taxi.Q: What does the woman mean?9. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What are they discussing?A. Mr. Lius schedule.B. A picture of Mr. Liu.C. Mr. Lius favou

13、rite hobbies.D. A special gift for Mr. Liu.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W: Mr. Liu is going to retire next week. What kind of gift shall we give him?M: I think he would like to have a photograph of our class.Q：What are they discussing?10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What can we infer from the conversation?A. The man hasnt m

14、et Tina recently.B. The man wants to see Tina.C. Tina used to work in New York.D. The woman is so forgetful.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Next time you see Tina, please dont forget to give her my best regards.W: Sure. But she has been assigned to a New York office now. I dont know when I can see her again.Q: What

15、 can we infer from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be s

16、poken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11. How much rice do African countries import from Asia every year?A. 30 million tons.B. 18 million to

17、ns.C. 12 million tons.D. 60 million tons.12. Whats the most important thing African governments should do to end hunger?A. Cooperate with Asian countries.B. Ask the United Nations for help.C. Get rid of diseases of rice plants.D. Make investments in rice production.13. What does the passage mainly t

18、ell us?A. The suggestions given to end poverty.B. The problems caused by rice shortages.C. The efforts made to increase rice production.D. The effects resulting from the economic crisis.【答案】11. B 12. D 13. C【解析】【原文】Researchers are developing ways to increase rice production in Africa as part of effo

19、rts to fight hunger. Their work was discussed at the African Rice Congress in Cameroon last month. Experts say 60 percent of the thirty million tons of rice used in Africa is imported from Asia every year.They estimate that Africa spends $5 billion on rice imports every year. And yet the United Nati

20、ons Food and Agriculture Organization says there are still rice shortages on the continent.Rice production was reduced in some countries after the economic crisis of the 1990s. Samantana Mark is director general of Cameroons rice production company. He says that with the beginning of the crisis, Afr

21、ican countries stopped making investments in rice production and in the marketing of rice. Issues like climate change and extreme temperatures have slowed rice production, especially in areas south of the Saharan desert. Plant disease is also a problem. But some African researchers say they have dev

22、eloped rice plants that can grow in areas with little rain fall.Nigerian-born Adekoya Madinat works with the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences. He said,“With this research we try to see how much water exactly is needed for rice production and try to see which genes are actually involved duri

23、ng the event of droughts. So these genes can be used to develop drought-resistant varieties that can be planted with the minimum of water and we still have very good rice production”.Robert Guei works for the UNs Food and Agriculture Organization. He says that investments in rice production should b

24、e a top issue for African governments seeking to end hunger and poverty.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14. Whats the duty of a supernanny?A. To tell adults what to do at home.B. To discipline naughty children.C. To take good care of a house.D. To help a family bring up children better.15. Why does

25、 a family need a supernanny?A. Their badly-behaved children are out of control.B. Their children need help in doing homework.C. Theyd like to devote themselves to their work.D. Theyd like to share with others how to help kids out.16. What is the speakers intention?A. To tell parents how to educate t

26、heir children.B. To recommend the TV show to people in need.C. To give people advice on how to set family rules.D. To entertain people having family problems.【答案】14. D 15. A 16. B【解析】【原文】Supernanny is an excellent TV show, which basically films a family who are having problems dealing with their nau

27、ghty children. At the start of the show, the supernanny arrives at the family home and observes the daily routine. The parents are usual worn out by their childrens bad behavior and dont know how to discipline them. The children talk back to their parents, dont do what they are told and dont show th

28、em any respect. Then the supernanny talks to the parents about the situation and suggests changes they should make to help them sort out the problems and bring up their children better. It must be hard to tell two adults that they arent doing things right but she is always completely honest with the

29、m. She spends time helping the parents to put her ideas into practice. Shes firm but friendly and doesnt put up with any bad behaviour. She doesnt believe in giving children a beating instead she sends them to the “naughty corner” when they behave badly and gets them to think about their behavior. T

30、hen the family continue without her help for a week while she watches the result from a television monitor. Things usually start off well but sometimes are in disorder again after a day or two. Finally, she goes back to visit the family, talks to them about the results and gives them some more advic

31、e. The parents and the children hug her and thank her for helping them in the end. Its entertaining to see how badly behaved the children are at first and how a few simple rules help to transform the situation. Id recommend the show to anyone with young children because I think there is some useful

32、advice for parents about how to bring up their own children.Questions:Whats the duty of a supernanny?Why does a family need a supernanny?What is the speakers intention?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. What are the speakers discussing?A. A study on language policy.B. A lecture about geography.C

33、. Preparations for a presentation.D. A tour to West Australia.18. Which of the following topics will be included in their presentation?A. Historical background.B. An overview of the educational system.C. The economic system.D. The role of the English language.19. How can they get the statistics abou

34、t the topic?A. To search them on the Internet.B. To find them in the Resource Room.C. To ask Dr. White for help.D. To refer to a tourist brochure.20. Why do the speakers stop their discussion?A. They have to find the two maps first.B. They want to change their topic.C. The Resource Room is about to

35、close.D. Its time for them to have lectures.【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D【解析】【原文】Julie: Trevor, what are we going to include in the presentation?Trevor: Well , do you think we ought to give some historical background?Julie: Oh, no.definitely not . we wont have time!Trevor: Ok, but I think we should sa

36、y something about the geographical location, because not a lot of people know where the islands are.Julie: Yes, Ill take notes, shall I?Trevor: So. geographical location. Julie: Then we ought to give an overview of the whole educational system. Shouldnt we say something about the economy?Trevor: No,

37、 Dr. White said we shouldnt go into that sort of detail.Julie: But its pretty important when you think about it., you know, because it does influence the educational system.Trevor: Lets think about that one later, shall we?Julie: Ok.so. a general overview of education.Trevor: Of course . and then th

38、e role of English language.Julie: No, that goes in the language policy discussion. dont you remember?Trevor: All right. Those are the topics were going to be covering.Julie: Yeah, we need to think about what to prepare. Dr. White said he wanted us to use plenty of visuals and things and we might as

39、well try them out when were not being assessed.Trevor: Well, we need a map of course.Julie: Probably two.one of the islands.Trevor: And one of West AustraliaJulie: Well, the West Australia one is no problem. There is one in the Resource Room.Trevor: Oh yeah, of course the Resource Room; the islands

40、are going to be more of a problem.Julie: Tell you what. theres a very clear map of Perth in that tourist brochure I showed you last week. Do you remember it?Trevor: Oh, yeah. Thats right. We can use the tourist brochure.Julie: We also need statistics. and some different things.Trevor: Why dont we se

41、arch them on the Internet？Julie: Good idea. You are in charge of it.Trevor: Look, Julie, its almost time for our lectures. We can meet again tomorrow afternoon. but we need to prepare some stuff before then.II. Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the

42、blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It was a very dark street. I was on my way home _21_ a friends party and decided t

43、o take a short cut. I just turned the corner from the main street and started walking towards the light at the end of the short street. Suddenly, almost by magic, I thought, there was someone standing at the far end, under the lamplight. Most people _22_ have been frightened, perhaps terrified, but

44、I wasnt at all frightened. Perhaps I should have been. There was someone there. I felt somehow that the personand I couldnt see _23_ it was a man or a womandid not mean to harm me. _24_ I wasnt frightened, I still wasnt sure what to do. Should I walk on towards the end of the street and towards the

45、light and towards the person? Or should I go back the way I had come? I decided to walk on towards the light.The “guide”, as I called the person later, stood and waited _25_ I was halfway down the street, and then started walking ahead of me. Even now I couldnt describe him or her: he or she seemed

46、_26_ (dress) in a long gown, but there was a dim light all around him or her. Certainly I felt safe and followed the person down several streets that I did not know. It was a part of town, I realized, that I _27_ (warn) about, but nothing happened to me, and as soon as we were near the bright lights

47、 of the main road, my “guide” just _28_ (disappear).The following day I heard that a young person had been killed _29_ (walk) home alone not very far from _30_ I was that night. I dont care what other people think. I am sure that the “guide” was my guardian angel and that he or she looked after me.【

48、答案】21. from 22. would/might 23. whether 24. Although/Though/While 25. until 26. to be dressed 27. had been warned 28. disappeared 29. walking 30. where【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从朋友聚会回家的路上，抄近路时遇到一个陌生人，于是跟着这个人走了好几条不认识的街道，第二天作者得知一个年轻人在离自己那晚所在的地方不太远的地方独自步行回家时被杀，认为那个人是自己的守护天使。【21题详解】考查介词。句意：我从朋友聚会回家的路上，决定抄近

49、路。结合句意表示“从回家的路上”，短语为on ones way home from。故填from。【22题详解】考查情态动词。句意：大多数人可能会感到害怕，也许是受惊，但我一点也不害怕。根据后文“perhaps terrified”可知，此处表示对过去情况的猜测，表示“将会”或“可能会”，应用would或might。故填would/might。【23题详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：不知怎么地，我觉得那个人我看不出是男是女并不想伤害我。此处为宾语从句，结合后文“it was a man or a woman”可知为短语whetheror，表示“是还是”。故填whether。【24题详解】考查状

50、语从句连接词。句意：虽然我不害怕，但我还是不知道该做什么。两句间缺乏连词，此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”可用although、though或while，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。【25题详解】考查连词。句意：“向导”我后来这样称呼那个人站在那里等，直到我走到街道的一半，然后开始走在我的前面。两句间缺乏连词，此处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到，到时”应用until。故填until。【26题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：即使现在，我也无法形容他或她：他或她似乎穿着一件长袍，但他或她周围有暗淡的灯光。结合句意表示“似乎”短语为seem to do s

51、th.，动词dress与he or she构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用to be done形式表被动意义。故填to be dressed。【27题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我意识到，这是镇上的一个地方，有人警告过我，但我什么事也没发生，当我们靠近大路上的明亮灯光时，我的“向导”就消失了。结合语境可知，此处缺乏谓语，谓语动词warn发生在realized之前，结合文章整体时态为一般过去时，此处即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，谓语动词warn且与主语I 构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态（had been done）。故填had been warned。【28题详解】考查时态。句意：我意识到

52、，这是镇上的一个地方，有人警告过我，但我什么事也没发生，当我们靠近大路上的明亮灯光时，我的“向导”就消失了。此处缺乏谓语，结合上文“we were near the bright lights of the main road”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填disappeared。【29题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天，我听说一个年轻人在离我那晚所在的地方不太远的地方独自步行回家时被杀。a young person had been killed 9 (walk) home alone已有谓语 had been killed且无连词，动词walk在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑

53、主语a young person构成主动关系，应用现在分词（doing）作状语。故填walking。【30题详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：第二天，我听说一个年轻人在离我那晚所在的地方不太远的地方独自步行回家时被杀。介词from后接宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表示地点应用where引导。故填where。Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more th

54、an you need. A. weakenB. ensureC. considerablyD. benefitsE. independentlyF. apply G. aggressiveH. conflictsI. potentialJ. subjectsK. proposedObstacles can be overcome, say trade expertsThe main problem in the EU-UK talks on a trade deal is resolvable so long as neither side treats the matter as a qu

55、estion of high principle, according to trade experts. German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned on Wednesday that a trade deal must _31_ a “level playing field, not only for today, but also for tomorrow ”. But British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said on Wednesday evening that Britain would never sign

56、up to automatically having to _32_ future EU rules in areas such as environmental regulations and labour standards in order to keep the _33_ of a trade deal. Nonetheless, experts said there was the _34_ for negotiation between Britains position, a willingness to swear not to _35_ regulatory standard

57、s as they stand at the end of its Brexit (British exit) transition period, and the EUs quest to ensure that these trade deals work well for ever. The “landing zone” for any deal would likely ensure that the UK was not able to weaken the effectiveness of European regulations and keep the advantages o

58、f zero tariffs (关税) in goods: the main feature of the _36_ free trade agreement. David Henig, UK director of the European Centre For International Political Economy, said what was needed to be agreed were specific _37_ that the trade deal covered and the process for dealing with possible _38_. The o

59、nly reason that this should spoil the trade deal talks, said Mr. Henig, was if one or both sides keep their positions on a matter of principle. Since the start of the talks, the EUs concern has been to avoid having a(n) _39_ competitor close to its single market, seizing an advantage through lax (宽松

60、的) environmental regulations and labour standards. The EU has already moved _40_ on state aid. Brussels entered the negotiations saying the UK should continue to in effect operate the state aid system under the supervision of the European Court of Justice. It has since agreed to an approach based up

61、on agreeing common principles with Britain.【答案】31. B 32. F 33. D 34. I 35. A 36. K 37. J 38. H 39. G 40. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。贸易专家认为欧盟与英国就贸易协议的谈判中的主要问题是可以解决的。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：德国总理默克尔周三警告称，一项贸易协议必须确保“一个公平的竞争环境，不仅是今天，而且是明天”。must后接动词原形，根据句意，ensure“确保”符合句意。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词。句意：但英国首相鲍里斯约翰逊(Boris Johnson)周三晚间表示，

62、英国永远不会同意为了保持贸易协议的利益，在环境法规和劳工标准等领域自动实施未来的欧盟规则。have to do sth “不得不做某事”,不定式后跟动词原形，结合句意 apply“应用”符合。故选F。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：但英国首相鲍里斯约翰逊(Boris Johnson)周三晚间表示，英国永远不会同意为了保持贸易协议的利益，在环境法规和劳工标准等领域自动实施未来的欧盟规则。keep后接名词作宾语，benefits“利益”符合句意。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：尽管如此，专家们表示，英国的立场在脱欧过渡期结束时发誓不削弱监管标准的意愿，以及欧盟寻求确保这些贸易协议永远运作良好的

63、努力之间，仍有可能进行谈判。the后接名词作宾语，potential“潜力”符合句意。故选I。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：尽管如此，专家们表示，英国的立场在脱欧（英国退出）过渡期结束时发誓不削弱监管标准的意愿，以及欧盟寻求确保这些贸易协议永远运作良好的努力之间，仍有可能进行谈判。to为动词不定式的标志，weaken“减弱”符合句意。故选A。【36题详解】考查非谓语。句意：任何协议的“登陆区”都可能确保英国无法削弱欧洲法规的效力，并保持货物零关税的优势：拟议的自由贸易协定的主要特征。proposed“拟定的”为过去分词作定语，符合句意。故选K。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：欧洲国际政治经济中心

64、(European Centre For International Political economics)英国区主任戴维赫尼格(David Henig)表示，需要达成一致的是该贸易协定涵盖的具体主题，以及处理可能冲突的过程。specific后接名词作表语，subjects“主题”符合句意。故选J。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：欧洲国际政治经济中心(European Centre For International Political economics)英国区主任戴维赫尼格(David Henig)表示，需要达成一致的是该贸易协定涵盖的具体主题，以及处理可能冲突的过程。deal with后

65、接名词作宾语，conflicts“冲突”符合句意。故选H。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：自谈判开始以来，欧盟一直担心的是避免出现接近其单一市场的咄咄逼人的竞争对手，通过宽松的环境法规和劳工标准来抢占优势。空处填形容词作定语修饰名词competitors，aggressive“咄咄逼人的”符合句意。故选G。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：欧盟在国家援助方面已经有了相当大的进展。空处填副词作状语，considerably“相当大地”符合句意。故选C。III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the follo

66、wing passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Did Tea and Beer Bring About Industrialization?Professor Macfarlane has spent decades trying to understand the mystery of the Industrial Revolution. Why did it ha

67、ppen in Britain at the end of the 18th century?Macfarlane compares the question as a puzzle. He _41_ that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief _42_ can be found in history textbooks. For industry to _43_, there neede

68、d to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labor, a _44_ economy, and a political system that allowed this to happen. All these factors must have been necessary but not sufficient to cause the revolution. Most historians, however, are _45_ that one

69、or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle. The missing factors, Macfarlane supposes, are tea and beer.Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required the _46_. Between 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain didnt increase, but then it grew rapidl

70、y. The population burst seemed to happen at the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. But why? When it started, it was _47_ efficient to have people living close together. People got diseases, particularly from human waste. Some historical records _48_ that there was a change in

71、 the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. Macfarlane thought whatever the British were drinking must have been important in _49_ disease. The English drank beer for a long time, and they were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops (啤酒花), which were added to make beer. But

72、in the late 17th century a tax was _50_ on malt, a basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin, and in the 1720s the death rate began to rise again. Then it suddenly dropped. What caused this?Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also developing large cities at the same time. Waterbor

73、ne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain. Could it be the _51_ of tea in their culture? Macfarlane then noticed the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary _52_ of dates. Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China in the early 18th century. By t

74、he 1740s, about the time the infant death rate was falling, and the drink was common. Macfarlane _53_ the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea so clearly _54_ in books, meant the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. N

75、o other European nation drank tea so often as the British, which, by Macfarlanes _55_, pushed other nations out of the race for the Industrial Revolution.41. A. claimsB. rejectsC. proposesD. suspects42. A. objectionsB. argumentsC. complaintsD. conditions43. A. take offB. keep upC. look overD. knock

76、out44. A. task-basedB. self-centeredC. market-drivenD. man-made45. A. inferredB. convincedC. concernedD. impressed46. A. intentionB. discussionC. attentionD. explanation47. A. temporarilyB. deliberatelyC. economicallyD. doubtfully48. A. predictedB. revealedC. concludedD. reviewed49. A. spreadingB. c

77、atchingC. discoveringD. controlling50. A. introducedB. reducedC. uncoveredD. avoided51. A. sacrificeB. varietyC. qualityD. popularity52. A. arrangementB. expectationC. coincidenceD. suspension53. A. guessesB. declaresC. boastsD. modifies54. A. entitledB. deletedC. describedD. simplified55. A. guidan

78、ceB. observationC. impressionD. logic【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. C 55. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了麦克法伦教授花了数十年的时间试图理解工业革命的奥秘，并认为茶和啤酒与工业革命有很大的关系。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他声称，大约有20个不同的因素，在革命发生之前，所有这些因素都必须存在。A. claims声称；B. rejects拒绝；C. proposes建议，求婚；D.

79、suspects怀疑。根据本句的“He 1 that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. ” 可知，这些都是麦克法轮教授所说的内容，因此这里要用claims表示声称。故选A项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：主要情况可以在历史教科书中找到。A. objections反对；B. arguments争论；C. complaints抱怨；D. conditions条件，情况。根据第二段第二和第三句“He 1 t

80、hat there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief 2 can be found in history textbooks. ”可知，因素大约有20个，主要的情况在历史教科书中能找到。故选D项。【43题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：要想让工业腾飞，就需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力，需要市场驱动的经济，需要一个允许这一切发生的政治体系。A. take off起飞，脱掉；

81、B. keep up保持；C. look over检查；D. knock out击倒。根据空后“there needed to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labor（需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力。）可知，这里是所指的都是经济发展的所需因素，可判断出前面指的经济起飞 。故选A项。44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想让工业腾飞，就需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力，需要市场驱动的经

82、济，需要一个允许这一切发生的政治体系。A. task-based基于任务的；B. self-centered自我中心的 C. market-driven市场驱动的；D. man-made人造的。根据空后的“economy”可知，这里指的是以市场驱动的经济。故选C项。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数历史学家确信，要解开这个谜题，还需要一两个缺失的因素。A. inferred推断；B. convinced说服，使确信；C. concerned涉及，关系到； D. impressed给留下深刻印象。根据空后的“one or two missing factors are neede

83、d to solve the puzzle.”（要解开这个谜题，还需要一两个缺失的因素。）可知，这是历史学家们所认定的解开谜题的方法。故选B。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：历史学家在18世纪中期注意到一个需要解释的有趣因素。A. intention意图，目的；B. discussion讨论；C. attention注意；D. explanation解释。根据第三段前两句“Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required the 6. Between 1650 a

84、nd 1740, the population in Britain didnt increase, but then it grew rapidly. ”可知，英国的人口没有增加，但后来增长很快。这正是历史学家们注意到的一个有趣的因素。故选D项。【47题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：刚开始的时候，让人们住得很近在经济上是有效的。A. temporarily临时地；B. deliberately故意地；C. economically在经济上； D. doubtfully怀疑地。根据第三段第二和第三句“Between 1650 and 1740, the population in Britai

85、n didnt increase, but then it grew rapidly. The population burst seemed to happen at the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. ”（在1650年到1740年之间，英国的人口没有增加，但后来增长很快。人口激增似乎正好为工业革命提供了劳动力。）可知，人口的增长促进了工业的发展，带动了经济。故选C项。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些历史记录显示,有一个变化发生率水源性疾病。A. predicted预测；B. revealed

86、透漏，显示； C. concluded D. reviewed回顾，检查。Some historical records 8 that there was a change in the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. ”可知，此处指历史里面所显示当时水传播疾病的发病率发生了变化。故选B项。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰认为无论英国人喝的是什么一定对控制疾病很重要。A. spreading传播；B. catching抓住；C. discovering发现；D. controlling控制。根据上一句“Some

87、 historical records 8 that there was a change in the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. ”可知，发病率的降低和英国人喝东西有关，可判断出喝的东西可以控制疾病。故选D项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：17世纪后期，对啤酒的基本原料麦芽采用征税。A. introduced介绍，引进，提出，采用；B. reduced减少；C.uncovered揭开，发现。根据空后下一句“The poor turned to water and gin, and in the 1720s t

88、he death rate began to rise again. ”（穷人转向水和杜松子酒，在1720年代死亡率又开始上升。）可知，穷人之所以转喝松子酒了是因为啤酒开始被征税，价格上涨了。故选A项。【51题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：是茶在他们文化中的流行吗? A. sacrifice牺牲；B. variety多样化；C. quality质量；D. popularity流行。根据本段第二句“Waterborne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain.”（水传播疾病在日本比在英国少得多。）可知，麦克法兰是在猜测是否是茶在日本的流行

89、才使得疾病比英国少。故选D项。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰随后注意到，茶叶在英国的历史提供了一个不同寻常的日期巧合。A. arrangement安排；B. expectation期待；C. coincidence巧合；D. suspension暂停。根据空后两句“Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China in the early 18th century. By the 1740s, about the time the infant death rate was fa

90、lling, and the drink was common.”（18世纪40年代，大约是婴儿死亡率下降的时候，这种饮料很常见。）可知，麦克法兰认为这是一个不同寻常的巧合。故选C项。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。麦克法兰猜测，这是因为水必须煮沸，再加上书中明确描述的茶的净化胃的特性，意味着母亲提供的母乳比以往任何时候都更健康。A. guesses猜测；B. declares宣布，声明；C. boasts自夸；D. modifies修改。根据本句“Macfarlane 13 the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the sto

91、mach-purifying properties of tea so clearly 14 in books, meant the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. ”可知，这些茶的功效无从考证，都是麦克法兰教授自己的猜测。故选A项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰猜测，这是因为水必须煮沸，再加上书中明确描述的茶的净化胃的特性，意味着母亲提供的母乳比以往任何时候都更健康。A. entitled授权；B. deleted删除；C. described描述 D. simplifi

92、ed简化。根据空后“in books”可知，这里指的是茶的功效在书中的描述。故选C项。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有哪个欧洲国家像英国那样经常喝茶，按照麦克法兰的逻辑，英国把其他国家赶出了工业革命的竞赛。A. guidance指导；B. observation观察；C. impression印象；D. logic逻辑。根据空前“No other European nation drank tea so often as the British, which, by Macfarlanes 15 , pushed other nations out of the race for t

93、he Industrial Revolution.”可知，没有哪个欧洲国家像英国那样经常喝茶，英国把其他国家赶出了工业革命的竞赛，这些都是麦克法兰的观点，属于他自己的逻辑。故选D项。Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one tha

94、t fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just readAThe Art of HealingIf no further evidence available of the sophistication of China in the Tang Dynasty, then a look at Chinese medicine would be sufficient. At the western end of the Eurasian continent, the Roman empire

95、disappeared, and there was nowhere new to claim the important position of the cultural and political centre of the world. In fact, for a few centuries, the centre happened to be the capital of the Tang Empire, which boasted its national health service, and Chinese medicine under the Tang was far ahe

96、ad of European medicine. The organizational context of health and healing was structured to a degree that had never happened in China before and found a similar one nowhere else.An Imperial Medical Office had been inherited from previous dynasties: it was immediately restructured and staffed with di

97、rectors, chief and assistant medical directors, pharmacists and managers of medicinal herb gardens. Within the first two decades after enforcing its rule, the Tang administration set up one central and several provincial medical colleges to train students in one or all of the departments of medicine

98、, acupuncture (针灸) and physical therapy. Physicians were given positions in governmental medical service only after passing qualifying exams. They were paid according to the number of cures they had effected during the past year. In 723, Emperor Xuanzong personally composed a formulary of prescripti

99、ons（方剂集）recommended to him by an imperial pharmacist and sent it to all the provincial medical schools. An Arabic traveller, who visited China in 851, noted with surprise that prescriptions from the emperors formulary were posted on notice boards at crossroads to enhance the welfare of the populatio

100、n.The government protected people from potentially harmful medical practice. The Tang legal code was the first in China to include laws concerned with harmful medical practice. For example, to treat patients for money without following standard procedures was defined as deceiving combined with theft

101、 and had to be tried as theft. If such therapies resulted in death of a patient, the healer was to be sent to a remote place for years. In case a physician purposely failed to practice according to the standards, he was to be tried as murdering. Even if no harm resulted, he was to be punished.56. In

102、 the 1st paragraph, the writer draws particular attention to _.A. the lack of medical knowledge in China prior to the Tang DynastyB. the Western interest in Chinese medicine during the Tang DynastyC. the systematic approach taken to medical issues during the Tang DynastyD. the differences between Ch

103、inese and Western cultures during the Tang Dynasty57. During the Tang Dynasty, a government doctors salary depended upon _.A. the effectiveness of his treatmentB. the wealth of his medical experienceC. the number of physicians he had trainedD. the width of his medical knowledge58. Which of the follo

104、wing was thought to be against the law during the Tang Dynasty?A. A qualified doctors refusal to practise.B. The use of unapproved medical practice.C. The death of a patient under medical treatment.D. The receipt of money for medical treatment.59. What is this passage mainly talking about？A. The dif

105、ferences existed between ancient Chinese and European medicine.B. The government of the Tang Dynasty set up medical colleges to train students.C. Emperor Xuanzong published a formulary of prescriptions.D. The national medical system in Tang Dynasty put Europes in the shade.【答案】56. C 57. A 58. B 59.

106、D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国唐代已经很完善的医疗系统，医疗制度。【56题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“If no further evidence available of the sophistication of China in the Tang Dynasty, then a look at Chinese medicine would be sufficient.（如果没有更多的证据可以证明中国在唐代的复杂程度，那么看看中医就足够了）”及“In fact, for a few centuries, the centre happened to be the cap

107、ital of the Tang Empire, which boasted its national health service, and Chinese medicine under the Tang was far ahead of European medicine. The organizational context of health and healing was structured to a degree that had never happened in China before and found a similar one nowhere else.（事实上，几个

108、世纪以来，该中心碰巧是唐朝的首都，唐朝曾以其国民保健服务而自豪，唐朝时期的中医远远领先于欧洲医学。健康与疗愈的组织机构在中国是前所未有的，在其他地方也没有类似的机构。）”可知，第一段的写作意图是让人们关注了解唐朝对医学问题采取的系统方法。故选C项。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段末“Physicians were given positions in governmental medical service only after passing qualifying exams. They were paid according to the number of cures they ha

109、d effected during the past year.（医生只有通过资格考试后才能在政府医疗服务部门任职。他们的报酬是根据他们在过去一年中治愈的人数而定的。）”可知，唐朝时期，一名官医的薪水是依据他们给患者治病的疗效而定的。故选A项。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据“The Tang legal code was the first in China to include laws concerned with harmful medical practice. For example, to treat patients for money without following sta

110、ndard procedures was defined as deceiving combined with theft and had to be tried as theft.（唐法是中国第一部将有害医疗行为纳入法律的法典。例如，在没有遵循标准程序的情况下为病人治病被定义为欺骗和盗窃，必须以盗窃的罪名进行审判。）”可以推断，没有按照国家批准的医学疗法给人收钱治病是违法的。B项中的unapproved medical practice与文章without following standard procedures意义一致。故选B项。【59题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“In fact, f

111、or a few centuries, the centre happened to be the capital of the Tang Empire, which boasted its national health service, and Chinese medicine under the Tang was far ahead of European medicine.（事实上，几个世纪以来，该中心碰巧是唐朝的首都，唐朝曾以其国民保健服务而自豪，唐朝时期的中医远远领先于欧洲医学。）”可知，作者指出唐朝时期的中医远远领先于欧洲医学，之后详细描述唐朝完善的医疗体系。D项内容The na

112、tional medical system in Tang Dynasty put Europes in the shade.（唐朝的国家医疗制度使欧洲相形见绌。）符合题意。故选D项。BBooking a Wessex Cottages HolidayHow to book your holidayWhen you have looked through our brochure and have chosen two or three alternative cottages you would like to stay in, please phone our Holiday Bookin

113、g Office.The number is: 01225 89229931st March to 20th OctoberMonday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and Thursday 9:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.Saturday closedSunday closed21st October to 30th MarchMonday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and Thursday 9:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.

114、m.Saturday 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.Sunday closedWe will check the availability of your choices and our reservation staff will help you make your decision. Should none of your choices be available, we will do our best to suggest suitable alternatives.When a provisional reservation has been made, it wil

115、l be held for 7 days. We will give you a holiday reference number and ask you to complete the holiday booking form and return it, with a deposit of ONE THIRD of the cottage rental to: WESSEX COTTAGES HOLIDAY BOOKING OFFICE PO BOX 675 MEILKSHAM WILTSHIRE SN 1285XDeposit payment can be made by credit

116、card at the time of booking or by cheque made payable to: Wessex Cottages Ltd.IF WE HAVE NOT RECEIVED YOUR COMPLETED AND SIGNED BOOKING FORM WITH DEPOSIT WHITHIN 7 DAYS, WE REGRET THAT YOUR RESERVATION WILL BE CANCELLED.When we receive your booking form and deposit, your reservation will be confirme

117、d, and we will send you a Booking Confirmation, together with advice on how to reach your holiday cottage and the phone number of a local contact, should you require further details on the cottage before leaving home.ARRIVAL Please do not arrive at your holiday cottage before 3:30 p.m. or later than

118、 7: 00 p.m.DEPARTUREOn the morning of departure, please leave your holiday property by 10:00 a.m. to allow caretakers sufficient time to prepare the property for the next visitor.OVERSEAS BOOKINGSWe are delighted to take booking from overseas visitors either by telephone or fax + 44 (0) 1225890227.

119、All payment should be made by credit card or by cheque in Pounds Sterling. Please note that provisional booking from overseas visitors will be held for 14 DAYS. ELECTRICITY In most Wessex Cottages properties, electricity must be paid for in addition to the holiday price. You may be asked to take a m

120、eter reading at the conclusion of your holiday, or an additional fixed charge for electricity may be made. In some cottages, electricity is included in the rental and in very few there is no electricity at all.BED SHEETSIn most Wessex Cottages properties, you have the choice either of hiring sheets,

121、 at a cost of 6 pounds per person per week, or of bringing your own. If you have any questions, do ask the Holiday Booking Office.60. A reservation wont be confirmed unless _.A. all the rental has been paid 7 days before arrivalB. a travel plan has been sent to the booking officeC. 1/3 rental and a

122、signed booking form have been receivedD. advice on how to book the cottage has been responded to61. If you want to stay in Wessex Cottages for a holiday, you are required to _.A. reconfirm your bookingB. leave before 10:00 a.m.C. use your own bed sheetsD. arrive later than 7:00 p.m.62. Which of the

123、following is TRUE according to the brochure?A. Electricity isnt included in the rental in most Wessex Cottages.B. Overseas visitors are required to deposit more than domestic ones.C. If you hire bed sheets, youll be charged 6 pounds per day per person.D. Deposit should be made by credit card at the

124、time of booking.【答案】60. C 61. B 62. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了预定威塞克斯别墅度假的细节，包括如何预定，到达离开的时间规定，用电的额外收费以及床上用品的使用选择权等方面。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据文章How to book your holiday部分倒数第一段内容“When we receive your booking form and deposit, your reservation will be confirmed(当我们收到您的订房表格及订金后，您的预订将会被确认)”可知，在收到订房表格和订金后，预定才会被确定，即前文

125、“We will give you a holiday reference number and ask you to complete the holiday booking form and return it, with a deposit of ONE THIRD of the cottage rental to(我们会给您一个假期参考号码，并要求您填写假期预订表格并将其归还，同时支付小屋租金三分之一的订金)”提及的三分之一订金和假期预定表格。由此可知，除非收到三分之一的订金和已经签署的预定表格，否则预定不会被确认。故选C项。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据文章DEPARTURE部分内容

126、“On the morning of departure, please leave your holiday property by 10:00 a.m. to allow caretakers sufficient time to prepare the property for the next visitor.(出发当天早上，请在上午10点前离开酒店，以便管理员有足够的时间为下一位客人准备好酒店。)”可知，如果你想在威塞克斯别墅度假，你必须在上午10点前离开。故选B项。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据文章部分内容“In most Wessex Cottages properties, e

127、lectricity must be paid for in addition to the holiday price.(在大多数威塞克斯别墅，除了度假价格，还必须支付电费。)”可知，在大多数威塞克斯别墅，电费是单独支付的，并不包括在租金中。A项“Electricity isnt included in the rental in most Wessex Cottages.(大多数威塞克斯别墅的租金不包括电费。)”是符合原文内容的正确论述。故选A项。CReading the ScreenThe debate on literacy is one of the most heated in e

128、ducation. On the one hand, there is an army of people convinced that traditional skills of reading and writing are declining. On the other hand, a large number of progressives protest that literacy is much more complicated than a simple technical mastery of reading and writing. This second position

129、is supported by most of the relevant academic work over the past 20 years. These studies argue that literacy can only be understood in its social and technical context. In Renaissance England, for example, many more people could read than could write, and within reading there was a distinction betwe

130、en those who could read print and those who could manage the more difficult task of reading manuscripts (手稿). An understanding of these earlier periods helps us understand todays “crisis in literacy” debate.It seems that there has been an overall decline in some aspects of reading and writingyou onl

131、y need to compare the newspapers of today with those of 50 years ago to see a clear decrease in vocabulary and simplification of sentence patterns. While reading a certain amount of writing is as crucial as it has ever been in industrial societies, it is doubtful whether a fully extended grasp of ei

132、ther is as necessary as it was 40 years ago. While print holds much of its authority as a source of topical information, television has increasingly taken this role. The ability to write fluent letters has been weakened by the telephone and research suggests that for many people the only use for wri

133、ting, outside formal education, is making shopping lists.The decision of some car factories to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a handbook might end the automatic link between industrialization and literacy. On the other hand, it is also the case that ever-increas

134、ing numbers of people make their living out of writing, which is better rewarded than ever before. Schools are generally seen as institutions where books rulefilms and recorded sound have almost no place, but it is not clear that this opposition is appropriate. While you may not need to read and wri

135、te to watch television, you certainly need to be able to read and write in order to make programs. Those who work in new media are anything but literate. The traditional oppositions between old and new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now encounters. There is evid

136、ence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet. Nevertheless, there is a crisis in literacy and it would be foolish to ignore it. To understand that literacy may be declining because it is less central to some aspects of everyday life is not the same as reluc

137、tantly accepting this state of affairs. The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus to literacy. How should these new technologies be introduced into the schools? It isnt enough to call for computers in every classroom. They will stand unused unless they a

138、re properly combined with the educational culture.63. When discussing the debate on literacy in education, the writer notes that_.A. children can read and write as well as they used toB. academic work has improved over the last 20 yearsC. there is evidence that literacy is related to external factor

139、sD. peoples reading skills are more important than writing skills64. What is the writers main point in the 4th paragraph?A. The printed word is both gaining and losing power.B. The car factories decision brings benefits to labors.C. Those who do manual jobs no longer need to read.D. New media offers

140、 the best career for the literate.65. According to the passage, what is the main problem that schools face today?A. How to teach students the skills of reading and writing.B. How to apply new technologies to classroom teaching.C. Raising money to purchase technological equipment.D. Managing the wide

141、ly differing levels of literacy among pupils.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Modern communication has completely replaced writing letters.B. New media has the potential to promote students literacy.C. New technologies are inadequate for us to know about childrens world.D. Current newspa

142、pers use more complicated sentence patterns than before.【答案】63. C 64. A 65. B 66. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了屏幕科技下孩子的读书识字问题。【63题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中句子“These studies argue that literacy can only be understood in its social and technical context. ”（这些研究认为，只有在其社会和技术背景下才能理解识字。）可知，在讨论教育中的识字问题时，作者指出有证据表明，识字与外部因素有

143、关。故选C项。【64题详解】段落大意题。根据文章第四段中句子“The decision of some car factories to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a handbook might end the automatic link between industrialization and literacy. On the other hand, it is also the case that ever-increasing numbers of people make

144、 their living out of writing, which is better rewarded than ever before. ”（一些汽车厂决定将机械说明书以视频包的形式而不是以手册的形式发布，这可能会结束工业化和识字之间的自动联系。另一方面，也有越来越多的人以写作为生，这比以往任何时候都有更好的回报。）可知，该段的只要讲的是印刷字有得又有失。故选A项。【65题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中句子“The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus

145、 to literacy. How should these new technologies be introduced into the schools?”（利用新技术开展的学校工作可能是对识字的一个重大刺激。这些新技术应该如何引入到学校？）可知，学校现在面临的主要问题是如何将新技术应用于课堂教学。故选B项。【66题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“The traditional oppositions between old and new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now

146、 encounters. There is evidence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet.”（旧媒体和新媒体之间的传统对立不足以理解一个孩子现在所遇到的世界。有证据表明，为了上网，孩子们正在掌握阅读和写作。）可知，新媒体有促进学生识字的潜力。故选B项。Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the

147、box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.When David Nurse turned 30, he wanted to find out how his biological age compared with his real one. He hoped that the ultra-healthy lifestyle he advocates to players had kept his own body young and health

148、y, too. _67_ It is reported that his biological age seems to be 28 years. Two years later, he took another test. “I was down to 25, so that was great,” he said.If you google “telomeres”, you are likely to find them described as an ageing clock. They are parts of DNA at the ends of each chromosome th

149、at become shorter every time a cell divides. _68_ If you are a 60-year-old with telomeres as long as those of an average 50-year-old, your risk of death is equal to that of someone 10 years younger or so. So many people want this information, and many companies offer tests like the one Nurse took, t

150、ogether with various pills claimed to lengthen your telomeres and, in turn, your lifespan.If only it were that simple. Weve discovered that telomeres are an unreliable ageing clock, which raises questions about the effectiveness of ageing tests based on them. _69_ In fact, long telomeres can even be

151、 bad news. Nevertheless, there are some surprising ways we can look after our telomeres. In1982, Elizabeth Blackburn at the UC, Berkeley, and Jack Szostak at Harvard Medical School worked out the puzzle of how chromosomes remain unchanged when cells divide. _70_ The pair called these “telomeres”. La

152、ter, they discovered each time a cell divides, its telomeres become shorter, like the ticking of a biological clock. These discoveries won Blackburn and Szostaka the Nobel prize in 2009. Hype soon followed and researchers began piling into the field. However, as we find out more about telomeres, the

153、 mythology that has built up around them is starting to break.A. People all over the world are sparing no effort to lengthen their lifespan.B. So he decided to take a test to assess the length of his telomeres.C. We now know that telomere length is highly heritable.D. They have repeating units of DN

154、A at their ends that stop them from separating.E. If this shortening happens slowly, it suggests that your body is wearing well.F. The links between telomere length and lifestyle choices arent as straightforward as we thought.【答案】67. B 68. E 69. F 70. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了被描述为衰老时钟的“端粒”这种物质，介绍了其发现

155、过程和对人们寿命的影响。【67题详解】根据上文“When David Nurse turned 30, he wanted to find out how his biological age compared with his real one. He hoped that the ultra-healthy lifestyle he advocates to players had kept his own body young and healthy, too.( 当David Nurse 30岁时，他想知道自己的生理年龄和真实年龄之间的差异。他希望他向球员们倡导的超健康的生活方式也能让

156、他的身体保持年轻和健康。)”以及后文“It is reported that his biological age seems to be 28 years. Two years later, he took another test. (据报道，他的生理年龄似乎是28岁。两年后，他又参加了一次测试。)”可知，上文提到David Nurse想知道自己的生理年龄和真实年龄之间的差异，且后文提到了又参加一次测试，可推测本句与上文构成因果关系，说明David Nurse为此进行了测试，B选项中he指代上文中David Nurse。故B选项“所以他决定做个测试来评估他的端粒的长度。”符合语境，故选B。

157、【68题详解】根据上文“If you google “telomeres”, you are likely to find them described as an ageing clock. They are parts of DNA at the ends of each chromosome that become shorter every time a cell divides.(如果你搜索“端粒”，你可能会发现它们被描述为衰老的时钟。它们是DNA的一部分，位于每条染色体的末端，每当细胞分裂时，染色体就会变短。)”可知，上文提到了“端粒”会在细胞分裂时变短，可知本句承接上文继续说明这

158、种缩短的影响，E选项中shortening对应上文中shorter。故E选项“如果这种缩短发生的很慢，这表明你的身体正在良好地运转。”符合语境，故选E。【69题详解】根据上文“If only it were that simple. Weve discovered that telomeres are an unreliable ageing clock, which raises questions about the effectiveness of ageing tests based on them.(要是有那么简单就好了。我们发现端粒是一个不可靠的衰老时钟，这就提出了基于它们的衰老测

159、试的有效性的问题。)”可知，上文提到端粒是一个不可靠的衰老时钟，说明要判断端粒长度和生活方式选择之间的联系并不像我们想象的那么简单，F选项中straightforward对应上文中simple。故F选项“端粒长度和生活方式选择之间的联系并不像我们想象的那么简单。”符合语境，故选F。【70题详解】根据上文“In1982, Elizabeth Blackburn at the UC, Berkeley, and Jack Szostak at Harvard Medical School worked out the puzzle of how chromosomes remain unchang

160、ed when cells divide.(1982年，加州大学伯克利分校的Elizabeth Blackburn和哈佛医学院的Jack Szostak解开了细胞分裂时染色体如何保持不变的谜团。)”以及后文“The pair called these “telomeres”. Later, they discovered each time a cell divides, its telomeres become shorter, like the ticking of a biological clock.(他们称之为“端粒”。 后来，他们发现细胞每分裂一次，端粒就会变短，就像生物钟的滴答声

161、一样。)”可知，上文提到了Elizabeth Blackburn和Jack Szostak解开了细胞分裂时染色体如何保持不变的谜团，后文则提到了“端粒”，可知本句应承接上文说明他们的研究结果，D选项中They指代上文中chromosomes。故D选项“它们的末端有重复的DNA单位，阻止它们分离。”符合语境，故选D。第II卷 （共40分）IV. Summary Writing 71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no

162、more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Students in the United States are assigned to classes for different goals. Those in the more advantaged tracks and programs not only encounter more curricular material; they are also typically asked to learn the material differently. They hav

163、e opportunities to think, investigate, and create. They are challenged to explore. In Keeping Track, Jeannie Oakes describes the way in which teachers differently frame their work for students in different tracks.Teachers of high-track classes describe their class goals in terms of higher-order thin

164、king and independent learning, for example: “Logical thought process”; “Scientific reasoning and logic”. Students view of what they learned in class reflect these goals. High-track students said they learned: “To understand concepts and ideas and to experiment with them, and to work independently”;

165、“How to express myself through writing and compose my thoughts in a logical manner and express my creativity.”Conversely, in low-track classes, teachers described few academic goals for their students and none related to thinking logically, critically or independently. They often focused on low-leve

166、l skills, for example: “Better use of time”; “Punctuality and self-discipline”; “Good work habits”. And low-track students said they had learned how to: “Behave in class”; “How to shut up”; “How to listen and follow the directions of the teacher.”This phenomenon is widespread. In his research in New

167、 York City, Jonathan Kozol described how, within integrated schools, minority children were disproportionately assigned to special education class that occupy small corners and split classrooms, while gifted and talented classrooms occupied the most splendid spaces filled with books and computers, w

168、here they learned, in the childrens words, “logical thinking,” and “problem solving”. Students were recommended for these classes by their teachers and parents as well as by their test scores. Kozol wrote in his notes,“Six girls, four boys, nine white, one Chinese. I am glad they have this class. Bu

169、t what about the others? Arent there ten black children in the school who could enjoy this also?” _【答案】One possible version:American students are divided into classes or tracks according to different goals. The gifted and talented class focuses on improving higher-order thinking skills and enjoy the

170、 best teaching resources, while the low-track class just learns low-level skills. This wide-spread phenomenon has aroused peoples concern about the equality of education.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。美国学生根据不同的目标被分成不同的班级。高阶班专注于提高更高层次的思维能力，享受最好的教学资源，而低阶班只学习低层次的技能。这一普遍现象引起了人们对教育公平的关注。【详解】1.要点摘录Students in the Unite

171、d States are assigned to classes for different goals.Teachers of high-track classes describe their class goals in terms of higher-order thinking and independent learning.in low-track classes, teachers described few academic goals for their students and none related to thinking logically, critically

172、or independently.This phenomenon is widespread.But what about the others? Arent there ten black children in the school who could enjoy this also?2.缜密构思将第1个要点进行总说，2、3两个要点进行重组，第4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句American students are divided into classes or tracks according to different goals. The gifted and talented

173、class focuses on improving higher-order thinking skills and enjoy the best teaching resources, while the low-track class just learns low-level skills.【点睛】高分句型1 The gifted and talented class focuses on improving higher-order thinking skills and enjoy the best teaching resources, while the low-track c

174、lass just learns low-level skills.运用while 引导比较状语从句对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括。高分句型2This wide-spread phenomenon has aroused peoples concern about the equality of education.本句是对最后一段的总结并进行了升华，运用高级短语arise ones concern about sth.显得很有文采。V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using

175、the words given in the brackets. 72. 意外在所难免，一个人必须学会几项求生技能。（in case）(汉译英）【答案】One should learn several/some skills to survive in case of something unexpected.One should learn several/some skills to survive in case something unexpected occurs.【解析】【详解】考查状语从句，情态动词和动词。分析句子可知，句子用一般现在时。主句是“一个人必须学会几项求生技能”，主语

176、“一个人”译为one，should“应该；必须”，接动词原形“learn学会”作谓语；宾语“求生技能”译为“skill to survive”，由several或some修饰用复数。“意外在所难免”用in case引导的目的状语从句，或者in case of短语；“意外的事情”译为“something unexpected”；“发生”译文occur，主语是不定代词，谓语动词用单数。故译为One should learn several/some skills to survive in case of something unexpected.One should learn several/

177、some skills to survive in case something unexpected occurs.73. 身处逆境时, 要处乱不惊, 越怕越糟糕。（the more) (汉译英）【答案】The more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be, so keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble.Keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble, becau

178、se the more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查形容词比较级和时间状语从句。该句是并列连词so连接的并列句，前一个分句含固定句型：“The +比较级，the +比较级”表示“越，越”；后一分句含when引导的时间状语从句，且主句是祈使句，从句用一般将来时。或者含because引导的原因状语从句。再根据所给汉语可知答案为The more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be, so keep

179、calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble.或Keep calm and think soundly/wisely when you are in trouble, because the more fearful/frightened you are, the worse the situation will be.74. 难怪人们说: “到上海不去豫园就不算去过上海”。(wonder) (汉译英）【答案】No wonder that people say that those who have visited Shanghai

180、 but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city.No wonder people say that no one can claim/say that he has been to/ visited Shanghai, if he missed Yu Garden/if he hasnt been to / visited Yu Garden.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词时态、定语从句和名词性从句。句意：难怪人们说: “到上海不去豫园就不算去过上海”。No wonder难怪；people人们；sa

181、y说；those那些；who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden到过上海不去豫园的人；cannot claim/say不能说；they have been to the city他们去过上海。分析句子结构，除了定语从句中的谓语动词have visited和missed，句子中还有四处谓语动词no wonder、say、cannot claim/say、have been to，因此可以处理为三个宾语从句，no wonder后面需用that引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分；say后面需用that引导宾语从句，这个从句中those为主语，cannot c

182、laim/say为谓语；they have been to the city.为第三个宾语从句，不缺成分，用that引导。整个句子主干陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，定语从句和最后一个宾语从句使用现在完成时。故可译为No wonder that people say that those who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city.。或者no wonder难怪；people人们；say说；that no one can claim/say that h

183、e has been to/ visited Shanghai没有人能说他到过上海；if如果，此处处理为条件状语从句；he missed Yu Garden/if he hasnt been to / visited Yu Garden.他错过了豫园/没去过豫园，故可译为No wonder people say that no one can claim/say that he has been to/ visited Shanghai, if he missed Yu Garden/if he hasnt been to / visited Yu Garden.。故答案是No wonder

184、that people say that those who have visited Shanghai but missed Yu Garden cannot claim/say that they have been to the city.No wonder people say that no one can claim/say that he has been to/ visited Shanghai, if he missed Yu Garden/if he hasnt been to / visited Yu Garden.75. 是他的过于自信造成了这种局面；他还没有真正理解

185、“兼听则明” 的道理。(result) (汉译英）【答案】It was his being over-confident ( about himself )/ too self-confident that resulted in the situation because he hasnt fully understood / didnt fully understand the truth that if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查强调句，原因状语从句，以及同位语从句。第一个分句强调“是他

186、的过于自信”，在英语中强调除谓语动词之外的其它句子成分，用强调句表达，强调句结构是“it +be+被强调部分+that/who+其他句子成分”；“他的过于自信”用his being over-confident ( about himself )/ too self-confident表达；提示词“result”意为“导致，造成”，是不及物动词，后面跟宾语时，要加介词in，构成短语 result in；“这种局面”用the situation表达；结合句意可知，此处讲述的是发生过的事情，应用过去时态，所以第一个分句可翻译为：It was his being over-confident ( a

187、bout himself )/ too self-confident that resulted in the situation。分析句意可知，前后两个分句之间为因果关系，第一个分句“是他的过于自信造成了这种局面”表示结果，第二个分句“他还没有真正理解 兼听则明的道理”表示原因，做原因状语，原因状语用because引导；分析第二个分句句意可知，此处应用现在完成时态或一般过去时态；“还没有真正理解”用hasnt fully understood / didnt fully understand；“道理”用抽象名词truth表示，“兼听则明”用if you listen to both side

188、s, you will hear the truth表达，是对名词truth的具体内容的描述，且句子中不缺成分，这符合同位语从句的概念，所以此处用同位语从句结构the truth that if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth；第二个分句完整的翻译为：because he hasnt fully understood / didnt fully understand the truth that if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth。故整个句子可翻译为：It

189、was his being over-confident ( about himself )/ too self-confident that resulted in the situation, because he hasnt fully understood / didnt fully understand the truth that if you listen to both sides, you will hear the truth.【点睛】汉译英时，首先要分析句子结构，确定是简单句还是复合句。如果是复合句，就要进一步分析并确定复合句的类型，以及所需要的连词；再逐个分析各个句子成

190、分对应的英语表达方式，同时还要结合句意，确定谓语动词的时态。VI. Guided Writing 76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 中小学教育惩戒规则(试行)规定，学校可以对违纪学生进行管理、训导或矫治，使其引以为戒并改正错误，同时也明确了实施惩戒时被禁止的行为，如体罚和辱骂等。请就如何保证校园安全和维护教学秩序, 谈谈你对规则颁布的看法。参考词汇：中小学教育惩戒规则(试行)Punishment r

191、ules for primary and secondary education (for trial implementation)、训导discipline、矫治correct、体罚physical punishment、辱骂verbal abuse。_【答案】 According to a new regulation issued by Chinas Ministry of Education, teachers have the right to discipline students who break school rules, which, however, has gener

192、ated a lot of discussion.From my perspective, the significance of school discipline cannot be stressed too much. For one thing, the regulation will help students better understand the consequences of misbehaving, which is of great benefit to their healthy growth and development. For another, the reg

193、ulation can delegate more power to teachers, who shoulder pressure in dealing with misbehaving students.In order for the regulation to be conducted effectively, many joint efforts need to be made. First of all, authorities and schools should set up specific and reasonable rules for school discipline

194、. Secondly, teachers ought to understand the rules thoroughly to employ them properly instead of abusing them. More importantly, parents are supposed to cooperate with teachers to reach a consensus on the level of punishments.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就如何保证校园安全和维护教学秩序，谈谈你对中小学教育惩戒规则颁布的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累重要性：

195、importancesignificance强调：emphasizestress合理的：rationalreasonable处理：cope with =deal with2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Secondly, teachers ought to understand the rules thoroughly to employ them properly instead of abusing them.拓展句：Secondly, teachers ought to understand the rules thoroughly, which should be employed p

196、roperly instead of abusing.【点睛】高分句型1 According to a new regulation issued by Chinas Ministry of Education, teachers have the right to discipline students who break school rules, which, however, has generated a lot of discussion. (运用了过去分词作定语)高分句型2 For another, the regulation can delegate more power to teachers, who shoulder pressure in dealing with misbehaving students. (运用了who引导非限制性定语从句)40