河北省平山县2016高考英语阅读理解一轮讲练（6）及答案.doc

1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railr

2、oads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.The 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad

3、companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With th

4、e completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against

5、building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.So tradeoffs will have to be made. Some scenic sports will be sacrificed. Some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully

6、moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.The lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. Th

7、ere are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.The money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institution that control it will shape the West f

8、ar beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路，这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪，一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电力系统时，我们要记住铁路和公路的影响

9、。1What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. Some railroad stops remained underused.C. Land in the West was hard to manage.D. Land grants went into private hands.答案：C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“.and in both cases the landownership has pres

10、ented unique challenges to land management.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。A项是修建公路的影响；B项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用，是错误的；D项原文未说。2What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?A. The transmission of power. B. The use of money and power.C. The conservation o

11、f solar energy. D. The selection of an ideal place. 答案：B。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。3What is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?A. Cautious. B. Approving. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.答案：A。推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“So lets remember the effects of th

12、e railroads and the highroads as we construct these new power plants in the West.”可知，对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的。4Which is the best title for the passage?A. How the Railways Have Affected the WestB. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedD. How the Problems of

13、the Highways Have Been Settled答案：B。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been addeda communications blackout caused by solar storms.After a period of calm within th

14、e Sun,scientists have detected the signs of a fresh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012,just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth,

15、causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London.“The Suns activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communi

16、cations satellites,“ said Professor Richard Harrison,head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.At the peak of the cycle,violent outbursts calledcoronal mass ejections(日冕物质抛射) occur in the Suns atmosphere,throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. “

17、A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometres per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount,can disable satellites,cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications,” Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest d

18、uring a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.Next week in America,NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory(SDO),which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions ava

19、ilable.The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of thesolar flares(太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.Professor Richard Holdaway,the labs director,said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enoug

20、h to affect satellite communications on Earth. “If we have advance warning,well be able to reduce the damage. What you dont want is things switching off for a week with no idea of whats caused the problem,” he said.1. The phrase “communications blackout” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers toduring

21、the 2012 Olympics.A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch B. the collapse of broadcasting systemsC. the transportation breakdown in London D. the destruction of weather satellites2. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?A. The most fatal matter from the corona fall

22、s onto Earth.B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.3. According to the passage,NASA will launch a satellite to.A. take images of the solar system B.

23、provide early warning of thunderstormsC. keep track of solar activities D. improve the communications on Earth4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Solar Storms:An Invisible KillerB. Solar Storms:Earth Environment in DangerC. Solar Storms:Threatening the Human RaceD. So

24、lar Storms:Human Activities to Be Troubled【参考答案】14、BDCD【陕西省西安市长安一中2014第二次模拟】 阅读些列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出你最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Scientists have long had it in their mind to make a robot lizard (蜥蜴). They began with finding out why a lizard can hang on a wall. They noticed the lizards toes were uniqu

25、e: They have suckers (吸盘), which enable it to hang on walls. They, therefore, made a robot with suckers on its hands and feet.The robot could hang on the wall but fell off when crawling. So, they went on researching. 6 years ago, scientists discovered that suckers only were not enough. It is the bri

26、stles (刚毛) on each foot that adds friction (摩擦) and static adsorption (静电吸附力) that makes a lizard move on the smooth wall easily without falling down. Then scientists made great efforts to fix thick bristles to the robots hands and feet. However, the effect was not satisfactory. The robot still coul

27、dnt attach itself firmly to the wall. Scientists got puzzled: How on earth can the lizard crawl on an extremely smooth wall or even on a ceiling without dropping off? An accidental finding inspired them: One day a scientist happened to see an animal attack a lizard and bite off its tail. The lizard

28、broke away from the animals teeth and threw itself on a wall to escape, only to fall off heavily on the ground. The scientist wondered: Is it the tail that plays an important role in its travelling on the wall? He caught some lizards for an experiment. The result proved his assumption: A tailless li

29、zard has no trouble walking on an ordinary wall but cant on a smooth one. A further study showed the lizards tail can prevent it falling over backward and, whats more, that the tail acts as an additional leg while one of the lizards legs leaves the wall, which is always the case while it is walking

30、on the wall. Thus, Tailbot, a super tailed robot, is born. 49. What part(s) would be a must if scientists just wanted a robot which can hang on the wall? A. Suckers.B. Suckers and bristles.C. Suckers, bristles and a tail.D. Hands, feet, bristles and a tail. 50. The bristles function as something _.

31、A. to protect the lizards toes from injury B. to produce friction and static adsorption C. to prevent a lizard falling over backward D. to help a lizard move about without falling51. The biggest importance of a lizards tail lies in _. A. helping support the bodyB. serving as another leg C. sticking

32、to the wallD. stopping slipping 52. What does the underlined part in the fifth paragraph refer to? A. A lizard often falls over backward while it travels on the wall.B. A lizard often has three legs on the wall while walking on the wall. C. A lizards tail will replace one of its legs while it moves

33、on the wall. D. A lizards tail often stops it fall over backward while moving on the wall.【参考答案】4950、AB512、BC 人物传记型阅读理解 专题导读人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要

34、的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。人物传记类文章一般较长，而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息，有些细节很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此，该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性，又注重考查推理判断能力。另外，虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰，但是为了提高难度，命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序，使行文的跳跃性增强，情节也更复杂化。真题典例【2011山东卷】Arthur Miller(19152005)is

35、universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Millers father had moved to the USA from AustriaHungary，drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of

36、 the early 1930s.Millers most famous play, Death of a Salesman, is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth.In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has gotinto trouble with t

37、his system.Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he cant do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this, and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to fa

38、ce the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics Circle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these

39、 major awards.Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.()1.Why did Arthur Millers father move to the USA?AHe suffered from severe hunger in his home country.BHe

40、was attracted by the “Great American Dream”CHe hoped to make his son a dramatist.DHis family business failed.()2.The play Death of a Salesman_.Aexposes the cruelty of the American business worldBdiscusses the ways to get promoted in a companyCtalks about the business career of Arthur MillerDfocuses

41、on the skills in doing business ()3.What can we learn about Willy Loman?AHe treats his employer badly.BHe runs the Wagner Company.CHe is a victim of the American system.DHe is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.()4.After it was first staged，Death of a Salesman _.Aachieved huge successBwon the firs

42、t Tony AwardCwas warmly welcomed by salesmenDwas severely attacked by dramatists ()5.What is the text mainly about?AArthur Miller and his family.BThe awards Arthur Miller won.CThe hardship Arthur Miller experienced.DArthur Miller and his bestknown play.【解析】亚瑟米勒是二十世纪最伟大的剧作家之一。推销员之死是他最有名的一部作品，曾获得年度最佳百

43、老汇戏剧托尼奖、普利策戏剧奖和纽约戏剧评论奖。这是第一部获得所有三项大奖的作品。1B细节理解题。由第一段“.drawn like so many others by the Great American Dream”可知应选B。2A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话可知，推销员之死是对美国制度的有力的抨击，后面又告诉我们在这金钱至上的制度中，主人公因迷茫、失败最终自杀，即暴露了美国商业世界的残酷。故正确答案是A。3C推理判断题。根据第二段对剧中主角Willy的介绍，尤其是“got into trouble”、“burnt out”、“painfully”、“at a loss”以及“kills h

44、imself”等关键词可以告诉我们Willy是美国制度的牺牲品，故选C。4A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话“When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews.”可知答案为A。5D主旨大意题。从全文判断，文章主要介绍了亚瑟米勒的家庭背景和他最有名的作品推销员之死，因此D为正确答案。阅读理解The 2010 Eustace Tilley ContestThis marks our third annual contest soliciting(征求) readers opinions on

45、 Eustace Tilley, the magazines iconic dandy(花花公子), who appeared on the cover of the first issue of The New Yorker and on almost every anniversary issue since.In celebration of our upcoming 85th anniversary, we invite you to create your own version of The New Yorkers dandy.Entries to our third annual

46、 Eustace Tilley contest will be accepted from December 17th through January 18th.Winners will be featured on Newyorker. com.Visit to enter and for complete contest rulesOpen to legal US and Canada residents (except Quebec) age 18 and over.Video Conversations with James SurowieckiWatch the author of

47、The Financial Pagse column in discussion with policymakers, business leaders, and economists.This month, James Surowiecki speaks with Dan Vasella, the chairman and CEO of Novartis, about drug prices, healthcare, reform, and the appearance of China in the pharmaceutical(制药的) industry.Visit www.newyor

48、ker. com/go/vasella today. The Big Apple Circus Clown Care ProgramThe Big Apple Circus Clown Care Program brings joy and laughter to young patients in seven New York City pediatric(儿科的) facilities, and 11 more across the country. 90 specially trained professional “clown doctors” visit nearly 250 000

49、 bedsides a year, interacting with the children, family members and staff.The Clown Care Program is a part of the healing process for children who come to New York Presbyterian. The clown unit provides a unique way to reduce the stress associated with being in a hospital. Being able to bring a smile

50、 to the face of a sick child clearly complements(辅助) the excellent care provided by our doctors and nurses. We are thrilled to include The Clown Care Program as part of our team.Please help continue this important work by making a financial contribution today at bigapplecircus. org.9. Whose entry wi

51、ll be accepted by The New Yorker?A. Richard, a postgraduate from Quebec, Canada, who sent his design on Dec.20.B. Amy, a 28yearold AsianAmerican teacher, who sent her design on Jan. 20.C. Jessie, a 16yearold student from New York, who sent her design on Dec. 29.D. John, a 68yearold retired engineer

52、from San Francisco, who sent his design on Jan. 10.10. Which of the following is NOT true about James Surowiecki?A. James Surowiecki is the author of The Financial Page column.B. James Surowiecki usually has discussions with people from different fields.C. James Surowiecki speaks with a chairman abo

53、ut issues of medicine this month.D. Visiting newyorker. com/go/vasella, you can watch the conversation of this month between James and an economist.11. _ can be provided by The Big Apple Circus Care Program for sick children.A. Excellent treatment and care B. Trained professional doctors and nursesC

54、. Unique methods to relieve stress D. Special pediatric facilities12. Which of the following can be used by The Big Apple Circus Clown Care Program to promote itself?A. We help all children live happy lives.B. Our doctors jump through rings to cure the blues.C. Every life deserves world class care.D

55、. Work together for a healthier world.【参考答案】910、DD 1112、CB阅读理解-DLots of people have hobbies. Some people collect old coins or foreign stamps; some do needlework; others spend most of their spare time on a particular sport.A lot of people enjoy reading. But reading tastes differ widely. Some people o

56、nly read newspapers or comics, some like reading novels, while others prefer books on astronomy, wildlife, or technological discoveries.If I happen to be interested in horses or precious stones, I cannot expect everyone else to share my enthusiasm. If I watch all the sports programs on TV with great

57、 pleasure, I must put up with the fact that other people find sports boring.Is there nothing that interests us all? Is there nothing that concerns everyoneno matter who they are or where they live in the world? Yes, dear Sophie, there are questions that certainly should interest everyone. They are p

58、recisely the questions this course is about.What is the most important thing in life? If we ask someone living on the edge of starvation, the answer is food. If we ask someone dying of cold, the answer is warmth. If we put the same question to someone who feels lonely and isolated, the answer will p

59、robably be the company of other people.But when these basic needs have been satisfiedwill there still be something that everybody needs? Philosophers think so. They believe that man cannot live by bread alone. Of course everyone needs food. And everyone needs love and care. But there is something el

60、seapart from thatwhich everyone needs, and that is to figure out who we are and why we are here.Being interested in why we are here is not a “casual” interest like collecting stamps. People who ask such questions are taking part in a debate that has gone on as long as man has lived on this planet. H

61、ow the universe, the earth, and life came into being is a bigger and more important question than who won the most gold medals in the last Olympics.13. This text is most probably taken from _.A. a research paper B. a course scheduleC. a personal letter D. a book review14. Which of the following best

62、 states the main idea of the passage?A. Philosophical questions are as interesting as collecting stamps.B. Thinking about philosophical questions is a serious interest.C. Figuring out who we are and why we are here is mans basic needs.D. Philosophy has universal appeal and concerns everybody in nature.15. The author believes that _.A. no existing subject can interest everyone in the worldB. different people may have different interests and concernsC. everyone has to figure out who we are and why we are hereD. people in modern society pay more attention to philosophical questions【参考答案】1315、CDC