2021-2022学年新教材高中英语 课时素养检测二十 Unit 4 Natural Disasters Period 4（含解析）新人教版必修第一册.doc

1、课时素养检测 二十Unit 4Period 4. 阅读理解Researchers have discovered that Januarys huge quake in Haiti caused a tsunami. Along with four Haitian colleagues, Dr Hermann Fritz, a professor, travelled around the coast of Haiti. He wanted to find out what had happened before the evidence disappeared forever. He had

2、 heard reports and saw evidence that a wave up to 3-meter high had hit some areas of the coast south of the capital following the quake near Port au Prince. It had killed at least three people and engulfed (吞没) buildings. Dr Fritz presented some of his findings at the Ocean Sciences meeting in Portl

3、and, the US. “This was a relatively small event, ” he told BBC News. “Most of the deaths were due to the earthquake, but at least three victims we know survived the earthquake and were hit by the wave. ”These three victims were a father and his two young sons. They were standing close to the shore i

4、n Petit Paradis, watching the wave instead of heading for higher ground. Draw-back in the water level is a sign that a big wave is coming. “It clearly showed a lack of tsunami education, ” Dr Fritz said. “It was pure luck that the wrong information did not kill more people in this case. ”Despite the

5、 great damage it caused, the Haiti earthquake was not of the type or magnitude (级) usually associated with tsunamis. It had a magnitude of 7. 0. “Generally anything over 7. 5 is cause for concern, ” explained Eddie Bernard, a tsunami researcher. “But anything between 7 and 7. 5 can cause smaller, lo

6、cal tsunamis. ”To cause a tsunami, it must happen under the sea. “Anything that moves water generates a wave, ” said Dr Bernard. “And the deeper the event, the bigger the wave. ” Dr Fritz explained that the main causes of the Haitian tsunami were “local landslides”. “But there are fault lines in thi

7、s region that are in areas which are more likely to cause a tsunami and, if you have a much bigger landslide, you could have a much bigger wave, ” he said. 【语篇概述】本文是议论文。文章讨论了海地海啸引发的原因。研究人员发现这次海啸的主要原因是海底滑坡, 而不是地震。1. What was Dr Fritz purpose by travelling around the coast of Haiti? A. To study the po

8、wer of the wave. B. To find out the magnitude of the quake. C. To check the damage to the coasts. D. To gather evidence about the wave. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知Dr Fritz和他的同事们到海地海岸考察的目的是寻找地震引发海啸的证据。2. The three people who died stood close to the shore in Petit Paradis because _. A. they didnt see the

9、signs of big wavesB. their attention was fixed on the beautiful sceneryC. they didnt know it was time to run for higher groundD. they cared little about the direction of the big wave【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段可知三名死难者缺乏海啸的常识, 他们不知道那时是该跑到高处去的时间。3. What can be inferred from the fourth and fifth paragraphs? A. T

10、he Haiti earthquake was too small to cause the tsunami. B. Tsunami is usually caused by an earthquake over 7. 0 magnitude. C. The earthquake between 7. 0 and 7. 5 magnitude cannot cause tsunami. D. The Haiti earthquake was not related to the tsunami at all. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段一般认为7级以上的地震可能会引发海啸。这次海地地

11、震的震级是7级, 它通常被认为不是引发了海啸的地震等级。但不能说这次地震太小。A项说法不正确。C、D两项表述也不对。4. If the passage is taken from a newspaper, which section should it be in? A. Sports. B. Science. C. Business. D. Entertainment. 【解析】选B。文章出处题。本文是议论文。几位研究者通过对海地海啸原因的研究发现海地海啸主要是由海底滑坡而不是单纯由地震造成的。故本文属于科普类文章。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项

12、中有两项为多余选项。Now remember that I was a useless kid. 1. When I got off the plane, there were all of these men in green uniforms and black boots and I was sure that Hitler was there. 2. We lived in two rooms in Germany. We had no hot water. You had to make a fire under the water heater to take a bath onc

13、e a week. To wash clothes, you had a big copper pot that you made a fire under and you boiled your clothes. Then you had to take them out and wash them down in pools of cold water. It took all day to do clothes. 3. We bought our vegetables from a vegetable man coming around, and we bought milk from

14、a man who would come around. 4. I could understand them really well. I could walk through the neighborhood and they would talk about this American person, and I understood every word that they said but they didnt know it. I liked the air force life. We liked moving, meeting all of the people, having

15、 the new experiences. 5. It was never boring because we were always on a new adventure. A. Life is richB. It was an interesting lifeC. I learned some German wordsD. We still have friends thereE. Its easy for us to travel by plane now and thenF. It was a seventeen-hour flight from New York to Germany

16、G. John picked me up in a German Ford that only went 35 miles an hour【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己去国外居住、生活、学习以及游玩的一些经历。1. 【解析】选F。由下文走下飞机时的见闻可知, 此处指乘坐飞机的情况, 选项F中信息“从纽约到德国有14小时的航程”, 选项F合适。2. 【解析】选G。顺承上段作者下飞机的见闻, 结合下句居住在德国的两间屋子里可知, 离开机场, 到德国的一个地方, 能承上启下的选项G合适。3. 【解析】选B。从本段描述的在德国居住、生活情况可知, 生活温馨、有趣, 此处总结本段内容, 故答

17、案为B。 4. 【解析】选C。根据下句作者对德国人说的话的理解可知, 作者学到了一些德语, 选项C合适。5. 【解析】选A。根据下文It was never boring because we were always on a new adventure. 可知生活并不是枯燥无味的, 生活是丰富多彩的, 故选A。. 完形填空Whatever misfortune you are faced with, just hold up your head and face it with a smile! I got to know this from a musical soul. The othe

18、r day I was feeling quite 1, having just been fired from my job. With so many 2 to pay, I was wondering what was going to happen to my family. I had just got off the bus 3 I heard piano music and singing rising above the noise of the traffic. I walked a bit slower, trying to find out the 4 of the fa

19、scinating sound. Through the passers-by I saw a young lady sitting at a piano with a box next to her. She was singing songs about love and her sweet voice touched me a bit. Then I stood there watching her playing, thinking that it must take 5 to perform on her own in front of hundreds of people she

20、didnt know. She might have felt my presence for she occasionally looked in my direction. By now I was telling myself that I could 6 tell her how good she sounded. I walked over and put some money in her box and she expressed her thanks with a smile on her face. I asked her 7, “Why are you playing th

21、e piano in the middle of this crowded place? ”She explained to me that she sees so many 8 people in the world that she is trying to relieve the pain by 9 motivational(激励的) music. Instead of continuing my way home, I said to her, “I have been 10 a rough time lately, but youve made me hopeful again. ”

22、“Im happy that I could be 11 help to you, ” she replied. “Why are you so sad? ”I told her my story and said, “Im not so 12 about what to do. . . ”“You see, heres where the problem lies, ” she responded. “When you were walking, your head was down. ” She looked me in the eyes and went on, “Dont look d

23、efeat, because 13 comes in different ways and if your head is down you might never see it. You should 14 more. . . lift your head up. ”Inspired by what she said, I did hold my head up and soon 15 the difficulties. So whenever in trouble, just face it bravely and you are sure to make it sooner or lat

24、er. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中记述了作者失去了工作, 生活拮据, 人生跌入谷底心情糟糕至极。作者偶遇一位弹琴卖唱的歌女, 她的所作所为所述激励了作者: 要昂起头, 勇敢地面对困难, 困难总会得到解决。1. A. lonely B. upsetC. relaxedD. sensitive【解析】选B。根据空后having just been fired from my job可知, 作者被解雇心情肯定感到难过(upset)。2. A. pricesB. feesC. finesD. bills【解析】选D。根据下文a rough time lately可知, 作者的日子过得很艰辛

25、, 故此处表达的是, 有很多账单(bills)要还。3. A. whenB. asC. whileD. afterwards【解析】选A。句意: 我刚下公共汽车, 这时我听到了钢琴声。had (just) done. . . when. . . , 意为“刚做完某事, 这时(突然)”。when当时候; 就在这时(突然)。 4. A. detailB. originC. religionD. resource【解析】选B。作者放慢了步速去寻找这动听音乐的来源(origin)。5. A. patienceB. energyC. courageD. technique【解析】选C。根据常识, 在数百

26、名陌生人面前弹奏和歌唱, 肯定需要勇气(courage)。6. A. at no timeB. at leastC. at timesD. at most【解析】选B。根据下一句可知, 作者只是给这名女子一些钱并没有对她的歌唱进行赞扬。故此处应是作者在自责那时没有赞扬该女子的嗓音是多么甜美(我至少“at least”可以赞扬一下她的声音是多么甜美)。7. A. equallyB. curiouslyC. roughlyD. seriously【解析】选B。根据常识和下句问话的内容, 此处作者应是很好奇地(curiously)问她。8. A. unattractiveB. unhealthyC.

27、 unluckyD. unreliable【解析】选C。根据空后that she is trying to relieve the pain可知, 此处应是她看到有很多不幸的(unlucky)人。9. A. creatingB. exploringC. enjoyingD. sharing【解析】选D。此处应是她想通过分享(share)一些励志音乐以减轻那些不幸的人的痛苦。10. A. getting throughB. looking throughC. going throughD. breaking through【解析】选C。作者听到她的音乐没有继续回家而是向她吐露心声(我近来日子过得

28、“go through”很艰辛, 但是你弹奏的音乐让我又充满了希望)。 get through 通过, 到达, 做完, 接通电话, 度过, 熬过; look through 浏览, 温习, 看穿, 识破, 从中显露; go through经受, 仔细检查; break through突破, 突围。故选C。11. A. inB. beyondC. withD. of【解析】选D。她很高兴她能对作者起到帮助作用。be of +抽象名词=be+adj. 。12. A. sureB. ashamedC. particularD. anxious【解析】选A。根据空后about what to do.

29、. . 可知, 此处作者应是征求对方的意见(我不确定“sure”该怎么做)。13. A. successB. opportunityC. assistanceD. happiness【解析】选B。不要看失败, 机会(opportunity)随时随地可能出现。如果你总是低头, 你可能看不到机会。14. A. inspectB. smileC. performD. struggle【解析】选B。此处表达的是你应该微笑(smile)面对人生(微笑面对困难挫折)。15. A. watched overB. came overC. took overD. got over【解析】选D。受她的话的激励,

30、我的确昂起了头, 我很快就战胜(get over)了各种困难。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2020福州高一检测)A brilliant, creative, and educated man with many experiences felt down after an accident, which 1. _ (take) his legs and left arm. He feared he would spend the rest of his life 2. _ (suffer) and would spend his life m

31、eaninglessly. But when he realized he still had his right hand and could still write even though it was difficult, 3. idea came to his mind, “Why not write to other people needing encouragement? ”He wrote to the prison ministry(牧师) about writing letters to the prisoners. The prison minister replied,

32、 “It is acceptable, 4. _ your letters will not 5. _ (answer). ”Filled 6. _ excitement, the man knew he could write his letters. He began sending one-way messages of Gods love, hope, strength, and encouragement. He wrote twice a week, 7. _ (share) his experience, sense of humor, optimism, and faith.

33、It was difficult to write those letters, 8. _ (especial) without hope of a reply. One day he received a letter from the prison ministry. It was a short note from the officer who monitored and checked the prison mail. The letter said, “Please write on the 9. _ (good) paper you can afford. Your letter

34、s are passed from each other until they literally(逐字地) fall to 10. _ (piece)! ”【语篇概述】本文是记叙文, 讲述了一个残疾人用写信的方式鼓励监狱犯人的故事。1. 【解析】took。考查时态。根据文章内容可知, 此处应用一般过去时。2. 【解析】suffering。考查固定搭配。spend. . . doing sth. , 花费做某事, 故用suffering。3. 【解析】an。考查冠词。idea发音以元音音素开头, 故用an。4. 【解析】but。考查连词。此处表示转折。5. 【解析】be answered。考查

35、被动。此处表示你的信不会有人回复。6. 【解析】with。考查固定搭配。be filled with, 充满。7. 【解析】sharing。考查非谓语动词。主语he与动词share之间是主谓关系, 故用动词-ing形式作状语。8. 【解析】especially。考查副词。此处表示尤其是, 需要副词形式。9. 【解析】best。考查最高级。句意: 请用你能负担得起的最好的纸书写。10. 【解析】pieces。考查名词复数。句意: 你的信被犯人们传阅的太多, 都成了碎片了。阅读理解One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf

36、Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didnt have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by

37、 the minute. Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic(惊慌). He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use. He decided to stop skiing. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he did

38、nt, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skiing board, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. By that evening, Nic

39、holas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he couldhe slept in his cave. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldnt find anyone. H

40、e followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved. Nicholas might not have survive

41、d this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls survival show Man Vs. Wild. Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode of Man Vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds, he wa

42、s super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive. 【语篇概述】本文是记叙文。Nicholas在滑雪时迷路, 随后他利用学到的野外生存知识坚持到最后成功地被救出。他在遇到危险时能做出正确的事情的这种行为令人印象深刻。1. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon? A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis. C. He h

43、urt his eyes. D. He caught a cold. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段中“Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost”可知A项正确。2. How did Nicholas keep himself warm? A. He found a shelter. B. He kept on skiing. C. He built a snow cave. D. He lighted some branches. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和最后一句可知Nicholas用滑雪板挖了一个雪洞来取暖。3. On Tuesday

44、, Nicholas_. A. returned to his shelter safelyB. was saved by a searcherC. got stuck in the snowD. stayed where he was【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句可知Nicholas得救了。4. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he_. A. did the right things in the dangerous situationB. watched Grylls TV program regularlyC. created some tips for survivalD. was very hard-working【解析】选A。推理判断题。Nicholas在滑雪时迷路, 后又利用学到的野外生存知识坚持到最后成功被救。Nicholas能在危险时刻做出正确的事情, 这给Grylls留下了深刻的印象。