广东省天河区2016届高考英语语法二轮复习：名词性从句精讲精炼02 WORD版含答案.doc

1、名词性从句精讲精炼02【考点诠释】考点1 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether引导That the college wiU take in more new students this year is true今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance他是否能按时完成任务非常

2、重要。特别提示(1)if不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：AIt+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。BIt+系动词+名词+that从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。CIt+be+ved形式+that从句。如：It is announced that the pl

3、an has been successfully carried out据宣布计划已经顺利实施。2连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pai

4、n is unclear针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。考点2 宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether，if引导I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help我认为你应该向老师

5、寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：Let me knoW whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2

6、连接代词和连接副词引导连接代词有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词有when，where，why，how等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class她问我班上谁的书法最好。I11 just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how

7、we can make the newspaper more interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?4宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday她说她周一至周五上

8、班。(从句是一般现在时)she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take c

9、are of the baby他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。特

10、别提示在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries我每天写日记成了惯例。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“

11、喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others她总想着如何

12、才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come我相信他不回来。考点3、表语从句常由连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，

13、whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。1连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。Tha

14、t is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time，it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。(2)当主句的主语是r

15、eason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。考点4 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。1通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They e

16、xpressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening答应我，你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。2同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。如：The student asked me the question whether

17、the book Was worth reading学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原因。 考点5 名词性从句需要注意的事项1that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：They share little in common except that they are from the same country除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有

18、共同点。(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。如：I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况也会得到改善。2that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，意思是”什么，的事情”。如：The hope that he may recover is not gone yet他会康复的希望没有消失。(that不充当成分，也无含义)Wht he said prove

19、d to be true他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语，可以翻译为“的话”)3定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如：The news that our team has won the game Was true我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday Was true昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语)I made a promise t

20、hat if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise的内容)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语)2016高考模拟试题精讲精炼】1. The newcomer went to the library the other day and scarched for he could find about M

21、ark Twain. A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever【考点】连词用法。【答案】C【解析】介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，所以用whatever，选C项2. Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers.A. when B. how C. that D. whether【答案】 B 【考点】本题考查名词性从句。【解析】句意为：科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑的。根据句意，故答案选B。3It suddenly occurred to him

22、 he had left his keys in the office.AwhetherBwhereCwhichDthat【答案】D【考点】考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。【解析】it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。4.I made a promise to myself_this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A. whetherB. whatC. thatD. how【考点】名词性从句同位语从句【答案

23、】C【解析】that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做句子成分，补充说明同位语promise的内容。5.The limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 【答案】B【解析】首先把插入语generally speaking删掉，选择B.本题考查名词性从句，but whether he reaches these

24、limits 【作为句子主语】will depend on his environment.【考点】考查名词性从句。6. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. whichC. that D. what【答案】D【解析】此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。【考点】考查主语从句的连接词。7. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in t

25、his store. A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why 【答案】B【解析】此处it是形式主语，后面whether.or引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether.or意为：是还是都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。【考点】考查主语从句的连接词。8. We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whom C. whoever D. whomever【考点】本句考查连词的辨析【答案】C【解析】首先本句考查的关键短语是promi

26、se sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，这样句子就很清晰了，所以划分句子成分非常关键，以前考察whoever都是做状语，而本题考查的是作promise的宾语，挺新颖的。9You are sure to know the result，but thats_everybody has finished their workA. when B. why C. before D. until【答案】A【解析】考查表语从句的连接词。句意：你们一定会知道结果，但应是在每个人都完成他们的工作的时候。