2020-2021学年湖南省高中英语学业水平考试复习学案：语法专题六主谓一致（高二合格性考试）.doc

1、专题六: 主谓一致基础知识过关主谓一致, 即谓语必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则: 语法一致原则, 意义一致原则和就近原则。1. 单数或不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数; 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数。He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. 2. 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数。Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. 3. 主语部分包括as well as, rather tha

2、n, but, except, with, together with, along with等连接其他名词时, 谓语动词的形式应与前面的主语保持一致。The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. 4. 由and或both. . . and连接的并列成分作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念, 谓语动词用单数。The poet and writer has come. 5. 动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从

3、句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。When and where to have the meeting has not been decided yet. 6. 由代词all, most, more, some, any, none修饰的词作主语时, 如果代词代指复数可数名词, 谓语动词用复数; 如果代词代指单数可数名词或不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数。All of the work has been finished. All of the people have gone. 7. “a number of+复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数; 但“the number of+复数名词”作主语谓语动词

4、用单数。A number of students are playing football. The number of the animals in the zoo is 50. 8. many a +单数名词 (许多); more than one +单数名词(不止一)作主语, 尽管意思是复数, 但谓语动词还是用单数。Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. 9. 一些只有复数形式的名词, 如people, police, cattle, clothes, crowd等作主语时, 谓语动词要用复数。The crowd were running f

5、or their lives. 10. 由or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时, 采用就近一致原则, 即谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 11. 在“There be” 句型中, 谓语动词和靠近它的主语一致。 There is one egg and two apples in it. 12. 集体名词, 如family, class, grou

6、p, team, club, company, government, population作主语时, 表示集体意义, 强调整体概念时, 谓语动词用单数; 表示集体中各个组成部分, 强调个体概念时, 谓语动词用复数。The whole family are watching TV. His family is going to have a long journey. 13. 当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时, 作为整体, 谓语动词用单数形式。 The New York Times is being read all over the United Sta

7、tes. 14. news, maths, physics, politics等词貌似复数, 实为单数, 其谓语动词用单数。15. “the +形容词”(如the poor/rich/young/old/dead等)作主语, 谓语动词往往用复数。The old are well taken care of in the village. 16. each, every, neither, either作主语或修饰主语时, 谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future. 17. 由some-, any

8、-, no-, every-与-body, -one, -thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。Everyone seeks happiness. 每个人都追求幸福。通关训练. 单句语法填空1. (2020湖南学业水平考试真题)She returns home and _(give) her information to the worker bees there. 2. Neither his students nor the teacher _(know) how to work out the problem. 3. Not getting enough sleep _

9、(lead) to poor judgment. 4. The teacher and poet often _(give) lectures around the city. 5. As far as I know, his family _(be) not very large but the family _(be) all music lovers. 6. The musician along with his band members _(give) ten performances in the last three months. 7. In my life, it is mus

10、ic that _(bring) me closer to my friends and family. 8. Three hours of outdoor exercise a week _(be) good for ones health. . 语法小语段(1)Sarah and Janet 1. _(be) friends since they started school. Anyone who 2. _(have) a problem can ask the other for help. When in the third grade, doing maths homework 3

11、. _(be) very difficult for Janet. Sarah helped Janet 4. _ her homework and 5. _(patient) explained every exercise to Janet. (2)To be happy all the time 1. _(be) very hard for us. A number of people 2. _(try) to cheer themselves up by 3. _(do) pleasant activities. But theres another very easy way 4.

12、_(feel) happier: smile. When you smile, your body 5. _(start) producing the things which 6. _(call) endorphins (安多芬). These endorphins send a message to your brain that you 7. _(be) happy. (3)One evening when both boys and girls 1. _(be) particularly noisy, Mr Smith went out to talk to them. He 2. _

13、(explain) that he was badly ill when he could hear children 3. _(play) cricket. They stormed away 4. _ never played on the street again. (4)Cao Wenxuan, the writer of Bronze and Sunflower, won Hans Christian Andersen Award. The English version of the book 1. _ (publish) in 2015 by a British company

14、and republished in 2017. It 2. _ (include) in “the voice of the world”the worlds most beautiful novel series. The book 3. _ (tell) the story of the growing relationship between a city girl, Sunflower, and a country boy, Bronze. The author 4. _(show) the struggle of the characters in the face of hard

15、ship, and 5. _(describe) the true, the good and the beauty in human nature. 参考答案. 1. gives2. knows3. leads4. gives5. is; are6. has given7. brings8. is. (1)1. have been2. has3. was4. with5. patiently(2)1. is2. try3. doing4. to feel5. starts6. are called7. are(3)1. were2. explained3. playing4. and(4)1. was published2. was included3. tells4. shows5. describes