2020-2021学年通用版高二英语寒假题型增分精析：专题03阅读理解之说明文 WORD版含解析.doc

1、03阅读理解之说明文序号内容Passage 1介绍了如何流利地说英语和写英语Passage 2关于对病人如在化疗期间服用补充剂会引起更大风险的研究：Passage 3介绍了人类探索火星的发展和一些发现Passage 4讲述了英国人的饮茶文化Passage 5科学调查，吃不吃早餐对人们的工作、学习和身体状况的影响Passage 6古代世界七大奇迹之一的亚历山大港的Pharos灯塔的信息等Passage1If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice: There are four skills

2、in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master the skills of reading and listening.Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It

3、 means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whene

4、ver you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only p

5、ay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening.For listening you can listen to cartoo

6、ns or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes.If you follow these pieces of advice, your spea

7、king and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect.1According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills?AReading and listening.BReading and writing.CWriting and speaking.DSpeaking and listening.2The underlined

8、 phrase “come across” in Paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by “_”.Ameet by accidentBdiscoverCfind on purposeDlook for3The author seems to agree with the view that _.Aeveryone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every dayByou neednt practice listening if you keep on reading every dayCbeing good a

9、t reading is helpful in improving your listeningDyou should take notes of whatever you are hearing4The passage is mainly about how to _.Achoose suitable listening materialsBdeal with new words in readingCimprove your English as quickly as possibleDbecome fluent in speaking and writing EnglishPassage

10、2A new study suggests that patients with breast cancer who take additional vitamins during chemotherapy(化疗) treatment may face increased risks.Researchers said the use of dietary supplements(补充剂) that increase levels of antioxidants(抗氧化剂), iron, vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids appeared to lower

11、the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Researchers reported their findings in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.Christine Ambrosone is the head of cancer prevention and control at the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, New York. She said, “From this study and others in the literature, i

12、t seems that it may not be wise to take supplements during chemotherapy.”“Its thought that antioxidants might interfere with the ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells,” Ambrosone said.Some doctors have been advising patients for a number of years not to take antioxidants during chemotherapy.

13、“But there was no strong empirical data for that recommendation,” Ambrosone said.So, Ambrosone and other researchers decided to study whether supplement use might affect chemotherapys effectiveness. They looked for evidence in an earlier study on diet exercise, lifestyle and cancer results.In the ea

14、rlier research, people who took part were asked about their use of supplements at the beginning of and during treatment, and about their lifestyle, diet and exercise. The researchers studied 1,134 patients who filled out the surveys and followed them for a median of six years.The researchers searche

15、d for possibilities that might increase the risk of the disease reappearing or of death. They found that patients who took any supplements at the beginning of and during chemotherapy were 41 percent more likely to have their breast cancer return than those who did not. In addition, the supplement ta

16、kers were 40 percent more likely to die later on compared to patients using no supplements. The supplements included vitamin A, C and E. Those taking vitamin B12 and iron supplements were at greater risk of cancer returning, the researchers said.5Why did Ambrosone and other researchers conduct the s

17、tudy?ATo know about the patients lifestyle.BTo see whether patients take supplements.CTo seek evidence for the recommendation.DTo examine chemotherapys effectiveness.6What can we know from this passage?ATaking vitamins may increase the risk of breast cancer.BAmbrosone is the first one to warn patien

18、ts off taking antioxidants.CAntioxidants may increase the ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells.DPatients may face more dangers if taking supplements during chemotherapy.7What section of a newspaper is most likely to have this article?AHealthBEntertainmentCEducationDTechnologyPassage3Our fasc

19、ination with Mars has never stopped. However, in the early days of space exploration, visits were restricted to “fly-bys”, such as those by Mariner Space Probes, by means of which craft would simply pass the planet, taking pictures and collecting data as they went. The Viking “orbiters” were next, a

20、nd later craft in the Viking series, known as “Landers”, began to study the surface, equipped with instruments which continued to collect data about the environment until they stopped working.The more recent “Rovers” move around the planets surface as they gather information. Current proposals inclu

21、de missions to study geographic features, climate, and soil components, in order to determine, among other things, whether the planet can ever have supported carbon-based life forms. Scientists now believe that at some stage the planet cooled dramatically, resulting in the near-loss of its atmospher

22、e and, thanks to the wearing away of some surface features mineral deposits and other factors, it is also believed that liquid water once flowed here.One of the most famous craft is “Phoenix”, which landed in November 2008. Its mission was to obtain samples from beneath the surface by digging into t

23、he arctic ice while its camera provided geological data and other equipment scanned the atmosphere, measuring temperature and pressure in an attempt to discover whether the chemicals necessary for life might exist beneath the surface. The craft was expected to send back data for three months, but ma

24、naged to hold out for further two. An especially important part of the project was the need to keep absolute cleanliness of the equipment in order to ensure that any organic material collected was not contaminated by microbes(微生物).In the future manned landings may probably come true-and though it ma

25、y seem an extremely difficult undertaking, plans have already been discussed for the “terraforming(行星地球化)”of the planet, giving it an atmosphere, oceans and other elements similar to earth, with, the possibility of human settlement.8According to the text, what is “fly-by”?AA type of UFO.BA photograp

26、h of a planet.CA planet of the solar system.DA way of collecting information.9Which of the following is evidence of liquid water on Mars?AThere is ice on it.BIt once had some mineral deposits.CIt once had carbon-based life forms.DThere are some damaged areas on its surface.10What does the underlined

27、 word “contaminated” in Paragraph 3 mean?APolluted.BProtected.CControlled.DReduced.11How does the author feel about human beings going Mars?AIt will happen very soon.BIt may be hard, but its possible.CIt will be full of uncertainties, but its worth the efforts.DIt relies on different countries worki

28、ng together.Passage4 Each country has its own set of national stereotypes (刻板印象), but perhaps the most famous is Britains love of tea.According to the BBC, they drink over 60 billion cups each year. The most popular tea type in the UK is black tea. Its a simple recipe: You find a mug, add a tea bag,

29、 pour boiling water, add milk and sugar (according to your taste) and finish by stirring.Usually, the only debate is whether milk should be added before or after the boiling water. But a recent popular video has outraged (使愤怒) Britons after completely changing this long-established method.American T

30、ikTok user, Sophie, posted her version of “British tea”, which involved microwaving cold water, then adding milk, sugar and an instant teabag containing powdered lemonade, cinnamon and clove (丁香) leaves.Mainstream media called the method “profoundly disturbed”, and a Twitter user even wrote, “I woul

31、d rather see tea dumped (倾倒) into the Boston harbor than drink this abomination (可恶的东西).”As you can tell, tea is a precious part of British life, whether youre having afternoon tea at a fancy hotel or drinking it in a takeaway cup.“Rosie Lee” a common slang term for tea first came to Britain in the

32、mid-1600s from China. Since then, the countrys love for it has not declined.Types of tea can even indicate someones social class, according to anthropologist (人类学家) Kate Fox. In her book, she notes that “teas get progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder”, like black tea served during af

33、ternoon tea. At the opposite end, you have “builders teas”, which are standard black teas that are brewed (煮) stronger and include more milk and sugar.Fox added, “Taking sugar in your tea is a lower-class indicator: More than one and you are lower-middle at best; more than two and you are definitely

34、 working class.”Despite the disputes (争论) on what makes a perfect “cuppa”, Britons can at least agree on the saying, “No matter what is happening in your life, you always offer tea.”12What do we know about tea drinking in the UK?AThey drink over 60 billion cups each month.BThey pour boiling water ov

35、er the tea bag.C“Rosie Lee” is Britons favorite tea type.DIts history dates back to the 16th century.13Why did Sophies video anger Britons?AShe criticized the way Britons drink tea.BShe added milk after the boiling water.CHer way of making tea was against their tradition.DShe used a strange tea bag.

36、14If John is from the upper class, he probably puts _ sugar(s) in his tea, according to Fox.AnoBoneCtwoDthree15What is the text mainly about?ABritish tea traditions among different social classes.BThe debate on how to make perfect tea.CThe influence of tea drinking on Britons lives.DTea drinking cul

37、ture in the UK.Passage5 Will it matter if you dont take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tested included people of different ages, from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. S

38、pecial tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person work

39、s with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class.Opposite to what many people believe, if you dont eat breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that

40、they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.16The results of the test show that _.Abreakfast has great effect on work and studiesBbreakfast has little to do with a person s workCa person will work better

41、if he has a simple breakfastDthose working with brains should have much for breakfast17Which of the following is not true according to the passage?APoor breakfasts affect those who work with brains.BMorning diet may cause one to get fatter.CReducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight losing

42、.DEating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight.18According to the passage, if a student does not eat breakfast, _.Ahe will fall illBhe will fail to listen to his teacherChe will not make progress in his studyDhis mind will work more slowlyPassage6The Pharos, the great lighthouse of Alexan

43、dria, was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It stood on the island of Pharos, in the harbor of the city of Alexandria. In 290 BC, Ptolemy I Soter, the ruler of Egypt, ordered the building of the lighthouse. Twenty years later, it was finishedthe first lighthouse in the world and the tal

44、lest building on Earth except the Great Pyramid of Egypt.The Pharos was designed by Sostrates, a Greek architect. Sostrates wanted to leave his name on the base of the lighthouse. But Ptolemy refused, ordering that only his own name appear on the building. But Sostrates found a way to do that. At th

45、e base of the Pharos, Sostrates left a message containing his own name. Then he covered it with plaster (建筑石膏) and left Ptolemys name over it. After many years, the plaster disappeared and people knew the true architect of the lighthouse.In 1302 and 1323, two strong earthquakes hit Alexandria, and t

46、he lighthouse was damaged. In 1326, it finally fell into the sea. Much of what we know about the lighthouse comes from the writings of Arabs who once visited the Pharos.The Pharos was about 384 feet tall, the same height as a modern 40-storey building. At the top of the lighthouse stood a large stat

47、ue of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. Under it was a beacon, the source of light for the lighthouse. The Pharos used two kinds of beacons. At night, a large fire created the light. During the day, a huge mirror made use of the sunlight to create the light.It was said that the mirror was also use

48、d to set enemy ships on fire as they entered the harbor by directing the suns rays (sunlight) at them. Although it is clearly impossible, the idea is interesting.19Why did Sostrates use plaster at the base of the Pharos?ATo follow Ptolemys orders.BTo hide his name left on the base.CTo protect the ba

49、se from damage.DTo make the lighthouse more beautiful.20How long had the Pharos stayed standing?AFor about 800 years.BFor about 1,000 years.CFor about 1,600 years.DFor about 2,000 years.21What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe lighthouse.BThe statue.CA large fire.DA huge mirro

50、r.22What can be a suitable title for the passage?ASostrates and Ptolemy.BThe function of an old lighthouse.CThe Pharos, a wonder of the ancient world.DThe architect of an old lighthouse.【参考答案】1A2A3C4D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何流利地说英语和写英语。1细节理解题。根据首段句子“The most important thing you must remember is that if yo

51、u want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master the skills of reading and listening.”(你必需记住的最重要的事是，如果 你想要提高说和写的能力，首先你应当掌握读和听的技能)可知，在听说读写四个技能中，首先你应当掌握读和听的技能。故选A。2词句猜测题。根据句子“but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for examp

52、le, in other passages or books, is enough.”（你但是你第一次遇到它们了，无论何时，比如说在别的文章或书本里，再遇到它们时能认识它们，就足够了。）可知，没必要太多关注语法或尽量去理解所有你遇到的生词。所以换线词的意思是“遇到”。故选A。3细节理解题。根据第三段句子“You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening.”（你只有注意你的阅读，在阅读上技能娴熟了，然后你的听

53、力就能赶上来。）可知，作者认为提高阅读能力对听力有帮助。故选C。4主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect.”（如果你遵守这些建议，你的说和写的能力就会自动提高，然后你会确信稍微努力些，你的说和写的能力就会变得非常完美。）可知，这篇文章主要是关于如何流利地说英语和写英语。故选D项。5C6D

54、7A【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍一项研究：病人如果在化疗期间服用补充剂会引起更大风险。5细节理解题。根据第五段“But there was no strong empirical data for that recommendation”（没有强有力的经验数据支撑那项建议。）及第六段“So, Ambrosone and other researchers decided to study whether supplement use might affect chemotherapys effectiveness.”（因此Ambrosone和其他研究员决定研究使用补充剂是否会影响化疗效果

55、）可知，Ambrosone等人组织研究是为了证明that recommendation，故选C项。6推理判断题。根据最后一段“patients who took any supplements were 41 percent more likely to have their breast cancer return than those who did not. In addition, the supplement takers were 40 percent more likely to die later on compared to patients using no supplem

56、ents.”（服用补充剂的患者乳腺癌复发几率比那些未服用患者多41%；除此之外，补充剂服用患者的死亡几率比未服用患者多40%）可知，病人如果在化疗期间服用补充剂会引起更大风险。故选D项。7推理判断题。由第一段“A new study suggests that patients with breast cancer”（一项新研究建议乳腺癌患者）可知，本文关注的是病人，介绍的是医疗上的研究，故选A项。8D9D10A11B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类探索火星的发展和一些发现。8推理判断题。根据“fly-by”后面的“by means of which craft would simply

57、 pass the planet, taking pictures and collecting data as they went”，尤其是其中的means（方法，方式）可以推知，“fly-by”是一种方式，通过这种方式，飞船会经过这颗行星，边走边拍照、收集数据。即fly-by是一种收集信息的方式。故选D。9细节理解题。根据第二段中的“thanks to the wearing away of some surface features mineral deposits and other factors, it is also believed that liquid water once

58、 flowed here”（由于一些火山地表特征的磨损，矿物质沉淀和其他因素，所以人们认为液态水曾经在这里流动。）可知，火星上有液态水存在的证据是，它的表面有一些破损的地方。故选D。10词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“An especially important part of the project was the need to keep absolute cleanliness of the equipment.”可知，该项目的一个特别重要的部分是需要保持设备的绝对清洁。设备绝对清洁，才能确保收集到的任何有机材料不被被微生物“污染”。由此推知，故划线词的意思应为“污染”，和pollut

59、ed同义。故选A。11细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In the future manned landings may probably come true-and though it may seem an extremely difficult undertaking”可知，尽管人类登陆火星看起来是一项极其困难的任务，但这可能会成为现实。故选B。12B13C14A15D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英国人的饮茶文化。12细节理解题。根据第二段“Its a simple recipe: You find a mug, add a tea bag, pour boiling water,

60、add milk and sugar (according to your taste) and finish by stirring.（配方很简单:找一个杯子，加入一个茶包，倒开水，加入牛奶和糖(根据你的口味)，搅拌完成。）”可知，在英国，人们把开水倒在茶包上。故选B。13细节理解题。根据第三段“But a recent popular video has outraged (使愤怒) Britons after completely changing this long-established method.（但最近一段很受欢迎的视频却激怒了英国人，因为它彻底改变了这种由来已久的方法。）”

61、可知，Sophie的视频激怒了英国人是因为她泡茶的方法违背了英国人的传统。故选C。14推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Fox added, “Taking sugar in your tea is a lower-class indicator: More than one and you are lower-middle at best; more than two and you are definitely working class.”（Fox补充说，“在茶中加糖是一个下层阶级的标志：超过一个，你最多只能算是中等偏下；超过两个，你绝对是工人阶级。”）可推知，在茶中加糖表示你来自的社会阶层低

62、，所以根据Fox的说法，如果约翰来自上层社会，他可能不会往茶里放糖。故选A。15主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“Each country has its own set of national stereotypes (刻板印象), but perhaps the most famous is Britains love of tea.（每个国家都有自己的一套刻板印象，但也许最著名的是英国人对茶的热爱。）”和最后一段“Despite the disputes (争论) on what makes a perfect “cuppa”, Britons can at least agree

63、 on the saying, “No matter what is happening in your life, you always offer tea.( 尽管对于怎样才是完美的“一杯茶”存在争议，但英国人至少认同这句谚语:“无论生活发生了什么，你总是给自己来杯茶。”)”可知，文章主要讲了英国的饮茶文化。故选D。16A17C18D【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文是一项科学调查，吃不吃早餐对人们的工作、学习和身体状况的影响。16细节理解题。根据第一段中“The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she w

64、ill work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class. (结果表明，如果一个人吃了一顿适当的早餐，他或

65、她的工作效果会比他或她不吃早餐更好。如果一个人用他的大脑工作，这个事实似乎尤其正确。如果一个学生在上学前吃水果、鸡蛋、面包和牛奶，他就会学得更快，上课时听得更专心。)”可知，测试结果表明吃不吃早餐对人们的学习和工作影响很大。故选A。17细节理解题，根据第二段中“Opposite to what many people believe, if you dont eat breakfast, you will not lose weight.”（与许多人认为的相反，如果你不吃早餐，你就不会减肥） 和“You will probably lose more weight if you reduce

66、your other meals.” (如果你少吃其他几顿饭，你可能会减轻更多的体重)”可知，减少午餐和晚餐可以减肥。C选项“减少午餐和晚餐对减肥的价值不大”表述错误。故选C。18细节理解题。根据文中“If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class. (如果一个学生在上学前吃水果、鸡蛋、面包和牛奶，他就会学得更快，上课时听得更专心)”可知，如果学生不吃早餐，他的思维会更慢

67、。故选D。19B20C21B22C【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代世界七大奇迹之一的亚历山大港的Pharos灯塔的建造时间、建筑师、毁灭时间以及灯塔的结构和使用功能等。19细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the base of the Pharos, Sostrates left a message containing his own name. Then he covered it with plaster and left Ptolemys name over it.”（在Pharos的地基上，Sostrates留下了一条包含他自己名字的信息。然后他用石膏把它覆盖起来，并把Ptole

68、my的名字留在上面。）可知，Sostrates在Pharos的底部使用石膏是为了把他的自己的名字留在地基上，故选B项。20细节理解题。根据第一段“In 290 B.C, Ptolemy I Soter, the ruler of Egypt, ordered the building of the lighthouse.”（公元前290年，埃及统治者Ptolemy I Soter下令建造灯塔。）以及第三段“In 1302 and 1323, two strong earthquakes hit Alexandria, damaging the lighthouse. In 1326, it f

69、inally fell into the sea.”（在1302年和1323年，两次强烈地震袭击了亚历山大港，损坏了灯塔。1326年，它终于坠入大海。）可知，亚历山大港的Pharos灯塔始建于公元前290年，毁于公元1326年，因此Pharos灯塔存在的时间是1326+290=1616，大约存在了1600年，故选C项。21词义猜测题。根据上一句“At the top of the lighthouse stood a large statue of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea.”（灯塔顶上矗立着希腊海神波塞冬的大型雕像。）可知， “Under it was a beacon, the source of light for the lighthouse.”这一句指的是“在雕像下面是一个信号灯，灯塔的光源。因此本句中的it指的是上一句中的statue，“雕像”，故选B项。22主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是古代世界七大奇迹之一的亚历山大港的Pharos灯塔的建造时间、建筑师、毁灭时间以及灯塔的结构和使用功能等，C项概括性强，符合标题要求，故选C项。