新教材2021-2022学年译林版英语选择性必修第二册课件：UNIT 4 GRAMMAR AND USAGE .ppt

1、Unit 4Living with technology Grammar and usage&Integrated skills要点精研探究学习1.distribution n.分配,分布;分发,分送;分布状态*The unfair distribution of wealth has become a serious problem and the government has decided to take action to make it fairer.财富的不公平分配已经成为一个严重的问题,政府已经决定采取行动使其更公平。*The Red Cross organized the di

2、stribution of food and clothing in the disaster area.红十字会组织在灾区分发食物和衣服。*Thousands of soldiers are working to distribute food and blankets to the homeless people.成千上万的士兵正在努力向无家可归的人们分发食物和毯子。【词块积累】(1)the distribution of的分布(2)distribute.to.把分给distribute.among.在中分发【即学活用】语法填空(1)The map shows the _(distribu

3、te)of this species across the world.(2)He tried to even out the distribution _work among his employees.(3)We all feel privileged to distribute the goods _the children.(4)This species of butterfly is widely _(distribute)all over our country.distributionofamongdistributed2.predict vt.预言;预告;预测*Having c

4、ollected and evaluated the information,I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.收集和评估这些信息之后,我就帮助其他科学家一起预测火山喷出的熔岩接着将往何处流,流速是多少。*The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.唤醒感官的第一步是在我们将要看

5、到和感觉到的事情发生之前停止预测。*Based on his theory,astronomers predicted that another planet might exist in the orbit of Uranus.根据他的理论,天文学家预测在天王星的轨道上可能存在另一颗行星。*(2020全国卷)Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents income,education and the amount of

6、 parent talk,Levine said.Levine说,在控制了父母的收入、教育程度和谈话量的差异后,益智游戏被发现是认知能力的一个重要预测器。【词块积累】(1)predict sth./that.预言;预测Its predicted that.据预测/预报;人们预言/预测(2)prediction n.预言;预测;预报;预告make a prediction for对做出预言/预测【小词汇大文化】Sincere can know before;predict the future to do a good plan.至诚可以前知,预测未来才能做好计划。【即学活用】(1)语法填空I

7、believe that _(predict)earthquakes will be a piece of cake in front of us mankind in the future.His _(predict)was that the candys going to land here,then he put his hand there.predictingprediction(2)句型转换People predict that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before lon

8、g._that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before long.It is predicted3.decrease vt.&vi.减少;降低 n.减少;降低*The new birthrate has decreased from last years.新出生率与去年相比有所下降。*That sounds pretty terrible,but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10,simply because we are

9、getting better at warning people.那听起来很可怕,但是生命的损失已经减少了十分之一,这仅仅是因为我们在警告人们这一方面做得越来越好了。*In Spain and Portugal there has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work.在西班牙和葡萄牙,失业青年人数已经有所下降。【词块积累】(1)decrease from.to.从减少到decrease by减少了decrease in numbers减少数量(2)on the decrease 在减少中;正在减少a decreas

10、e in 在某方面减少【小词汇大文化】The president of Nigeria is confident that the mass vaccination rollout will help decrease the COVID-19 infection rates across the country.尼日利亚的总统相信,大规模疫苗接种将有助于降低全国新冠肺炎感染率。【即学活用】语法填空(1)There has been a steady decrease _population in this city since 2000.(2)The report also found th

11、at HIV-related deaths had decreased _60 percent.(3)The number of independent firms decreased from 198 _96.(4)The combination of hot weather and _(decrease)water supplies is hurting many industries.inbytodecreased4.deny vt.否认;否定;拒绝承认;拒绝接受*The spokesman refused either to confirm or deny the reports.发言

12、人对那些报道不置可否。*Theres no denying that quicker action could have saved them.无可否认,如果行动快一点,本来是救得了他们的。*It cant be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem.无可否认,我们需要投入更多的资源来解决这个问题。【词块积累】deny doing sth.否认做某事deny that.否认deny a claim/a charge/an accusation 否认某种说法/指控/指责deny sb.sth.拒绝给予deny s

13、th.to sb.拒绝给予deny oneself sth.节制Theres no denying(the fact)that不可否认的是It cant be denied that 无可否认【即学活用】语法填空(1)You cant deny _Tom has been an idle,worthless and dishonorable guy.(2)At first he denied _(witness)the robbery,but later he admitted it.(3)Justice must not be denied _anyone,however poor he m

14、ay be.(4)Theres no _(deny)that it is better than the old one.thathaving witnessedtodenying5.quantity n.量;数量;大量*Rainforests are the lungs of the planetstoring vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the worlds oxygen.雨林是地球的肺储存了大量的二氧化碳,产生了世界上大量的氧气。*I know you once parti

15、cipated in the Robotics Competition and won the award,so you must have accumulated a large quantity of/large quantities of experience.我知道你曾经参加过机器人大赛并获奖,所以你一定积累了大量的经验。*With more and more forests cut down,large quantities of soil are being washed away.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐,大量的土壤被冲走了。【词块积累】a large/small quantit

16、y of 大/少量的(large)quantities of大量的in quantity/in large quantities大量地【名师点津】“a quantity of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而“quantities of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。【即学活用】语法填空(1)A large quantity of money _(collect)to help those suffering from the floods.(2)In the first place,vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases whi

17、ch _(be)a major source of air pollution.(3)_(quantity)of food and tents were sent to earthquake stricken areas from Shandong.(4)For example,a large quantity of laws _(make)to reduce the carbon emission.has been collectedareQuantitieshas been made6.conclude vt.&vi.(使)结束,终止;断定,推断出;达成,缔结,订立*He conclude

18、d from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。*(2021浙江高考)With our study,we think we can now confidently conclude thatat least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions.根据我们的研究,我们现在可以自信地得出结论:至少有一些狗能区分人类的面部表情。*Perhaps I ought to conclude with a slightly mo

19、re light-hearted question.也许我应当以一个稍微轻松愉快一点的问题结束。*In conclusion,there is close relationship between the mode of energy use and rural environment change.总之,能源利用方式的选择与农村环境的变化息息相关。【词块积累】(1)conclude sth.from.从中推断出to conclude最后conclude sth.with sth./by doing sth.以(做)结束(2)conclusion n.结论;推论arrive at/reach/

20、come to/draw a conclusion得出结论in conclusion总之;最后【即学活用】(1)语法填空She concluded her speech _a funny story,which made all the audience laugh._conclusion,he suspected that his wife was lying to him._conclude,I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life,which must be very interesting.When he b

21、rings his speech to a nice _(conclude),Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.withInToconclusion(2)句型转换I concluded from my own experiences that“Where there is a will,there is a way.”I _from my own experiences that“Where there is a will,there is a way.”drew/arrived at/came to/reached a co

22、nclusion7.Delivery drones,as the name suggests,are used to deliver goods.送货无人机,顾名思义,是用来送货的。【句式解构】as引导定语从句(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时是关系代词,用来指代整个句子的内容,有“正如”之意,常放于主句之前,有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常见的结构有:as is known to all/as we all know众所周知as is often the case情况常常如此as often happens正如经常发生的一样as you can see正如你所

23、看到的as has been said before如前所述(3)which也可以引导非限制性定语从句,用来指代整个句子的内容,只能放在主句后,表示前面这句话带来的某种结果。一般翻译成“这,这一点,这件事,这种情况”等。*As Victor Hugo once said,“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”,and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.正如维克多雨果曾经说的:“笑容如阳光,能驱走人们脸上的冬天

24、。”关于这一点,直到今天也没有人能比查理卓别林做得更好。*As you know,if you do the same thing over and over again,you begin to do it automatically.正如你所知,如果你反反复复地做同一件事,你就会自动地做这件事。*Yes,indeed,as the botanical analyses have shown us,all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.是的,的确,正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的,这里四周曾是一

25、个大浅水湖的一部分。【即学活用】(1)语法填空_is said above,he has overcome the difficulty.He did not finish the work on time,_made his boss very angry.(2)_(众所周知),everyone desires health and happiness.(3)There is no simple answer,_(情况常常如此),in science.(4)The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year,_(如

26、报道的那样).AswhichAs is known to us/As we all knowas is often the caseas is reported【要点拾遗】1.spy vi.从事间谍活动 vt.突然看见 n.间谍*He spied for his government for more than ten years.他做过十多年的政府间谍。*In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time.在远处,我们突然第一次看到了太平洋。*His role was to use remote viewing to spy on

27、the enemys military bases and gather intelligence.他的职责是用遥视侦察敌人的军事基地并收集情报。【词块积累】(1)spy on 暗中监视,窥探spy into 调查;侦查spy out 秘密监视spy out the land 摸清情况(2)a spy plane/satellite间谍飞机/卫星a police spy 警方密探【即学活用】语法填空(1)More than half of parents log onto social networking sites like Facebook to spy _what their chil

28、dren are doing,a study has found.(2)He likes to spy _other peoples affairs.(3)Our army sent two soldiers to spy _the land before they started for the valley.(4)The moths can then be operated via remote control,and act as stealthy _(spy)in hard-to-reach locations.onintooutspies2.superiority n.优越性,优势;

29、优越感*In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.换句话说,八卦是令人满意的,因为它给人一种归属感,甚至是优越感。*Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.海伦被选做这项工作,因为她比其他任何候选人都优秀得多。*During the North Africa campaign,whichever side had a

30、ir superiority had the upper hand.在北非战役中,哪一边具有空中优势哪一边就占上风。【词块积累】(1)superiority in sth.某方面的优势superiority to/over sth./sb.比有优势have naval/air superiority 有海上/空中优势(2)superioradj.上级的;优秀的superior to.优于;比 优越superior in在方面优越【即学活用】语法填空(1)It is wrong of you to envy the people who are superior _you.(2)The top

31、student was eager to display his superiority _the others.(3)Compared with the teachers in other schools,the colleges English teachers have no superiority _age,titles and educational e into use 开始被使用*The airport couldnt come into use for some reason.那个机场因为某种原因没有被投入使用。*Personal feelings should not com

32、e into play when you are making business decisions.为公事做决策不应掺入个人情感。*They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago,long before humans came into being.它们生活在数千万年前的地球上,远远早于人类的出现。【词块积累】“come into+n.”短语一览come into being 形成;产生come into effect/force开始生效;开始实行come into existence形成;产生;开始存在come into powe

33、r 开始执政come into use开始使用come into sight/view 进入视野,看见come into ones mind 进入脑海,想起come into possession of 占有某物,拥有come into play开始活动;开始起作用come into operation 实施,开始生效【即学活用】(1)The new car will _(被投入使用)next month.(2)Factories that gave out harmful gases were all shut down after the policy _(生效).(3)There is

34、no road ahead of us but road will _(出现)after we walk through.(4)The new power station has already _(开始运转).(5)A good idea _(进入他的脑海).(6)As the thief _(看得见),the policeman caught e into usecame into effectcome into existencecome into operationcame into his mindcame into view4.Just enter a destination,an

35、d the drones will fly the passengers where they want to go.只要输入一个目的地,无人机就会把乘客送到他们想去的地方。【句式解构】“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式(1)祈使句+and+陈述句=If.,+主句(2)祈使句+or/or else/otherwise+陈述句=If.not.+主句(3)名词词组+and+陈述句*Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will find something worth thinking about to occupy

36、 your mind.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。*Apply yourself to the job in hand,and youll soon finish it.专心致志地做手头的工作,你很快就会完成的。*A few minutes earlier,and I could have seen the famous scientist.要是早几分钟,我就能见到那位著名的科学家了。【即学活用】(1)语法填空Give me a chance,_I will reward you with more.Give up smoking,_ you m

37、ay die of lung cancer.A bit more effort,I think,_you will settle the problem.(2)一句多译充分利用各种条件,我们就能取得成功。Make the most of all kinds of conditions,_we will achieve success.(祈使句)_we make the most of all kinds of conditions,we will achieve success.(条件从句)_the most of all kinds of conditions,we will achieve

38、 success.(分词作状语)andor/otherwiseandandIfMaking语法精讲深化学习将来进行时 Future continuous tense【情境探究】观察以上对话完成下列句子1.We shall _Beijing next week.下周我们要去北京。2.Dont phone me between 5 and 6.Well _then.五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。3.Please come Friday.Ill _on weekends.请星期五来。我周末要去旅游。4.When I get home,my husband will probably

39、_.当我到家时,我丈夫可能正在看电视。be going tobe having dinnerbe having a travelbe watching television5.Mary _in the factory in the next two months.接下来两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。will be working【要义详析】一、基本含义将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。一般用延续性动词表示。常用来表示礼貌地询问、请求或期待等。二、基本用法表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。如:The minister will be giv

40、ing a speech on international affairs.部长将就国际事务发表演讲。三、特殊用法(1)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。如:*After you take the medicine,you will be feeling much better.服药之后,你会感觉好得多。*You will be making a mistake.你会出错的。(2)表示委婉地请求。如:*When shall we be meeting again?我们什么时候再见面?(3)表示原因。如:*Please come tomorrow afternoon.Ill be having

41、a meeting tomorrow morning.请你明天下午来吧,明天上午我有一个会议。(4)表示结果。如:*Stop the child or he will be falling over.制止那个孩子,要不然他会掉下去。(5)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)。如:*My duties will be ending in July,and Ill be returning to Shanghai.我的工作将在七月结束,我会回上海。【名师点津】一般将来时和将来进行时的区别1.将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作,而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。如:*What will y

42、ou be doing this time tomorrow?明天这个时候你会在做什么呢?*What will you do tomorrow?你明天干什么?2.两者均可表示将来,但将来进行时语气更委婉,如:*When will you finish these letters?你什么时候会处理完这些信件?(直接询问,如上司对下属)*When will you be seeing Mr White?你什么时候会见怀特先生?(委婉地询问,如下属对上司)*When will you pay back the money?你什么时候还钱?(似乎在直接讨债)*When will you be payi

43、ng back the money?这钱你什么时候还呢?(委婉地商量)3.有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思,而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来的情况。如:*Mary wont pay this bill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(意愿)*Mary wont be paying this bill.不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)【即学活用】(1)Anyhow,you wont _for the next few Saturdays.无论如何,接下来的几个星期六你不许再玩了。(2)We shall _in Paris in sixteen minutes.我们将在16分钟后在巴黎降落。(

44、3)Will you _in the city?Yes,I shall be.你将来会留在这个城市吗?是的,我会。be playingbe landingbe remaining(4)Who will _Joe?Dont worry!Mr Frith will _him.He said he would.谁来照管乔?别担心!弗里斯先生会照管他的。他说他会的。(5)Be sure to come.Well _you.一定要来,我们会等你的。(6)He will _in Geneva during the summer vacation.暑假期间他将在日内瓦工作。be looking afterb

45、e looking afterbe expectingbe working(7)When will you _us again?你什么时候再来拜访我们?(8)They will _here tomorrow.他们明天就要到达此地。be visitingbe arriving【语法主题应用】使用本单元所学语法知识,结合中文提示补全句子Now they are sitting in their classroom.They are listening to a tape.This time tomorrow they(1)_(将正坐在电影院里).They(2)_(将在看电影).On Saturda

46、y there is no class.So on Saturday they(3)_(不会坐在教室里).They will(4)_(做着别的事).Bill(5)_(将在打网球).Ann(6)_(将在购物).George(7)_(仍在吃早饭).will be sitting in the cinemawill be watching a filmwill not be sitting in the classroombe doing other thingswill be playing tenniswill be shoppingwill still be havingbreakfast读写

47、结合表达升级描述未来科技发展【文体感知】Task 1 框架宏观建构:整体理解1.What is mainly talked about in this passage?_ 2.Read the passage and fill in the blanks.Para.1 A time capsule became the(1)_of 1939 Worlds Fair.Para.2 The capsule was designed to be opened(2)_years later to show what life was like at that time.A time capsule.h

48、ighlight5000Para.3 A message by Einstein for future(3)_ was included in the time capsule.Para.4 Einstein predicted that the future would be(4)_ to the present.generationssuperiorTask 2 文本微观剖析:特色表达1.Choose the best answer.(1)What was the purpose of the 1939 time capsule?A.To record the life of Americ

49、a in the 20th century.B.To leave a large fortune to the future generations.C.To give the future generations a surprise.D.To see whether things in it can last 5,000 years.(2)What is Einsteins message to the future generations about?A.His hopes for the future generations.B.The achievements of modern s

50、cience.C.His concerns about life in the future.D.His predictions for the future of science.2.Complete the following sentences about life in the future.(1)The time capsule,_,was designed to be opened in the year 6939.这个时空舱被埋在地下50英尺的一个公园里,计划于6939年开放。(2)Our time is rich in inventive minds,_ 我们生活在一个充满了富

51、于创造力头脑的时代,这个时代的发明可以使我们的生活变得容易得多。buried 50 feet below the ground in a parkthe inventions of which could make our livesconsiderably easier.【实践应用】假定你是李华,在国际科学与和平周到来之际,校刊英语栏目举行征文比赛,请你以“写给未来的朋友”为题写一篇征文稿,内容包括:1.写信的目的;2.介绍科技发展现状;3.你的愿望。注意:词数80左右。Dear friends,_Yours,Li Hua【谋篇布局】【遣词造句】完成句子1.随着国际科学与和平周的临近,我写信

52、告诉你们地球上科学和技术的现状。_ 2.如今,我们几乎所有事情都使用机器或机器人。_ With International Week of Science and Peace around the corner,Im writingto tell you the current state of science and technology on earth.Nowadays,we use machines or robots for almost everything.3.AI正在深入各个方面,它正在帮助我们完成很多工作。这些工作以前是不可能做的。_ 4.我们的宇宙飞船能到达月球和金星。_

53、5.我们的潜水器可以到达海底的每一个地方。_ AI is going deep into all aspects,and it is helping us to complete lots of work.Those work could not be done before.Our spacecraft can reach the moon and Venus.Our underwater vehicles can reach every place under the sea.6.我希望到了你们那个时代,生活将更加方便_ 7.人们可以在许多行星之间自由旅行。_ I hope that in

54、 your time,life will be more convenient.People can travel freely between many planets.句式升级8.用定语从句改写句3_ 9.用and 连接句6 和句7_AI is going deep into all aspects,and it is helping us to complete lots of workthat could not be done before.I hope that in your time,life will be more convenient and people can tra

55、velfreely between many planets.【完美成篇】Dear friends,_ _ With International Week of Science and Peace around the corner,Imwriting to tell you the current state of science and technology on earth.Nowadays,we use machines or robots for almost everything.AI is goingdeep into all aspects,and it is helping

56、us to complete lots of work that could notbe done before.Our spacecraft can reach the moon and Venus.Ourunderwater vehicles can reach every place under the sea._Yours,Li HuaI hope that in your time,life will be more convenient and people can travelfreely between many planets.How fascinating it will

57、be!【话题拓展】1.话题特点:未来科技发展属于想象类作文话题,采用记叙文或说明文的形式,围绕主题,通过丰富的想象,生动地描写未来科技发展。想象类作文要求作者根据自己已有的生活经验和知识,超越实际生活来勾画从未见过的或者不曾出现过的生活图景的文章。2.话题词汇(1)master掌握(2)as you might think如你想象(3)your future self你未来的自己(4)in English用英语(5)go abroad出国(6)enrich your life丰富你的生活(7)feel tired out感觉非常累(8)on the other hand另一方面(9)for a

58、nother thing另一方面(10)in my opinion/personally在我看来3.话题句式(1)表达未来的情形With the development of science and technology,our lives will change a lot in the future.随着科技的发展,我们的生活将发生很大的变化。You will often interview important people and stars face to face.你会经常遇到重要的人和明星面对面。There will be little time to spend with your family.几乎没有时间和你的家人在一起。(2)表达个人观点I think you will be happy with this job.我认为你会对你未来的工作感到开心。Personally,I will always look on the positive side of the advances of new technology.个人而言,我总是会看到新技术进步的积极面。I believe you will have a bright future.我相信你会有一个光明的未来。本课结束