UNIT4限制性定语从句I关系代词学案2021-2022学年高一英语人教版2019必修第一册.docx

1、人教版高中必修一 Unit 4语法限制性定语从句I关系代词一、 定语从句的基本概念1. 定语从句的定义：在复合句中修饰或限定主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词（即被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词）。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。限制性定语从句与先行词之间关系非常密切，从句说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。定语从句由关系词引导，关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。2. 关系词的作用：1）连接主句和从句；2）指代先行词；3）在从句中充当句子成分。3. 关系代词的分类：关系代词：tha

2、t, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词： when, where, why另外，as也可充当关系代词。二、 关系代词的基本用法：关系代词用于替代指人或物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。1. who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语或宾语。He is the man who I saw yesterday.Here comes the girl who wants to see you.2. whom指人，在定语从句中只作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。若whom前面有介词，则不能用who代替，也不可省略。Rose is the person (whom/w

3、hich) you should look after.When I have trouble, he is the only one to whom I can go for help.3. whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Pass me the book whose cover is green.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.Please show me the book whose cover is red.4. which

4、一般指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时一般可省略。China is a country which has a long history.The package (which) you are carrying is about to fall.5. that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时一般可省略。指人时一般可用who代替，指物时一般可用which替代。The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.The chair (that./wh

5、ich) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.总结如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?Whom, which 和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I lik

6、e those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.a

7、s人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略三、 关系代词的选择1、 宜用that不用which的情况：(1) 当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none等不定代词时。She told me everything that she knew.(2) 当先行词被all, no, few, any, little, some, m

8、uch, last, only, very等修饰时。Ive read all the books that were borrowed from others.Mr.Smith is the only foreigner that she knows.(3) 当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen.The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.(

9、4) 当先行词既有人又有物时。I can remember well the person and some pictures that I saw in the room.The foreign visitors spoke highly of the young pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace.(5) 当先行词在主句中做表语，且关系代词本身在定语从句中也做表语时。此时句子一般带有类比含义。He is no longer the star that he was.Our school

10、is no longer the place that it used to be.2、 宜用which不用that的情况：(1) 引导非限制性定语从句时。The bookstore provides us with all the books we need, which makes us moved.(2) 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。Im looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches.(3) 在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个的关系代词是that, 那么后一个的关系代词宜用

11、which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed form the library which was newly opened.3. 宜用who不用that的情况(1) 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none等，或先行词为those或被those修饰且指人时。The students you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.Those who want to go pleas

12、e put up your hands.Anyone who puts much attention to what he pursues will have a bright future.(2) 一个句子中含有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个一般用who.The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.that与which, who, whom的用法区别总结如下表：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1. 先行词为all, everything, a

13、nything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4. 先行词既指人又指物时5. 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6. 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3. This is the best fil

14、m that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况1. 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which代指物，用who/whom指人2. 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人3. 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which，先行词为those

15、, one, he时多用who1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.四 定语从句中的主谓一致一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written

16、 by Tom.Im fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.特别提醒：介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。 例如：Have you seen the pen？（which作介词with的宾语） Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介

17、词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。 例如： 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy too

18、k care of.练习：一、 请找出下列复合句中的主句、定语从句、先行词及关系代词，并翻译成中文。1. The lesson that he taught were not easily forgotten.2. A plane is a machine that can fly.3. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.4. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.5. A book that he bought is very in

19、teresting.6. Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing.7. The person whom they wanted to visit is a student.8. The number of people who were killed or badly inj

20、ured in the quake was more than 400,000.9. Yesterday we went to the school that you visited last week.10. This is the dictionary which you mentioned yesterday.11. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.12. The film which we saw last night was wonderful.13. The supplies w

21、hich were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.14. I know a lady whose husband is a writer.15. Soon after the quake, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.请思考上述各句子中的关系代词指代什么？在从句中充当什么成分？二、单句句法知识填空。1. The first

22、 museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.2. The film _ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.3. I know the person _ house was destroyed in the earthquake.4. Those _ want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 pm.5. It is the tallest building _ Damin

23、g has seen ever since he came here.6. There is no success without hard work; success is something _ is only earned after much labor.7. According to the new plan, students can choose the teacher _ class they wish to take.8. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year

24、.9. She is the teacher from _ I have borrowed this dictionary.10. I have seen most of the greatest buildings in the world _ are famous on the Internet.11. This novel is popular with those _ were born in the 1980s.12. Do you know everybody _ came to the party? No. I dont know the one _ you had a long

25、 talk with.三、单项选择1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at

26、 D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in whic

27、h 7. Great changes have taken place in the factory _we are working since then.A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. a

28、bout which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12. The engineer _my father works i

29、s about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13. Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14. Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B.all what C. that D. which 15. I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A.

30、which B. who C. what D. as 16. He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17. He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18. Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19. I dont like

31、 _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what 重点单词1. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 _ n. 呼吸；气息 _ adj. 气喘吁吁的 _ adv. 气喘吁吁地 _ adj. 令人惊叹的；惊人的动词短语：breathe _/_ 吸气/呼气名词短语：_ ones

32、 breath 恢复正常呼吸_ ones breath 屏住呼吸be _ _ breath 喘不过气来take ones breath away _a breath of air/wind _练习：1） There isnt a _(breathe) of wind today.2） It is good _(breathe) in fresh air instead of city smoke.3） He was _ (breathe) heavily after chasing the bus.4） Heavy smoking makes him _(breath).5） The new

33、manager has _(breathe) fresh life into the company.6） He has great difficulty in catching _(he) breath.7） She was out of _(breathe) from climbing the stairs.8） The doctor told me to breathe _ and then breathe out slowly.1. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的；（海洋、湖泊等）风平浪静的；（天气）无风的 v. （使）镇静；（使）平静_ adv. 镇定地；沉着地_ n. 平静；镇

34、定形容词短语：_/_/_保持冷静动词短语：calm (sb) _ （使某人）安静下来；（使某人）平静下来练习：1） All things there gave him s feeling of security and _(calm).2） Everyone must think this situation through _(calm) and coolly.3） Some people say soft music _(calm) our nerves（神经）.4） He was very excited, and it was long before he _(calm) down.5

35、） Never have a drink or take drugs to calm yourself _.易混辨析：calm，quite，still与silent易混词用法calm指湖泊、海洋等处于一种风平浪静的状态；指人镇静或不慌张；还可以指地点、时期、情况等是平静的或稳定的。quiet指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于一种静止的状态或宁静的环境；指人时，表示不发出声音或不发表意见，也可指人的性格温和、文静、不易激动等。still主要指完全无动作，通常用于表示物理上的静止，不表示心理上的平静。silent着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动。练习：1） Youd bette

36、r keep _ about this and dont tell anyone else.2） He lives a _ life in the country.3） Please sit _ when I take your photo.4） After the storm the sea was _.2. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资；援助款项 v. 帮助；援助名词短语：give _ aid 进行急救_ the aid of 在.的帮助下_/_ to sbs aid=_/_ to the aid of sb. 帮助某人_ aid of sb./sth. 为了帮助某人/某事动词短语：

37、aid sb _(doing) sth. 帮助某人（做）某事aid sb to do sth. 帮助某人做某事aid sb _ sth. 在某方面帮助某人练习：1） A large crowd came _ the aid of the injured.2） A dictionary can aid us _learning a new language.3） _ the aid of the local guide, we finally made it out of the jungle.4） The neighbours are planning a concert _ aid of t

38、he church repairs.语法基础巩固+能力提升专项训练板块一 基础巩固Part 1. 单句语法填空1_ regard to future oil supplies，the situation is uncertain.2The research project has been _ way for three months.3They are letting _ fireworks in the park tonight.4We have used _ most of the cloth，and all we have left is a few bits and pieces.5

39、The temperature ranges _ 15 to 35 degrees.6He appears to be _ (absorb) in the sports news on the back page of his paper and ignores the hurrying crowds.7Man is fighting a battle against _ (pollute)8The time is _ (approach) when we must think about buying a new house.9They have made an agreement _ (b

40、enefit) to all countries.10He made an _ (inspect) of the school. 11In order to make a correct _ (decide), they pay close attention to the situation at home and abroad.12We should try our best to do the job because it is of great _ (important)13The factory was shut down because it used to give out _

41、(poison) gases.14It was highly _ (responsible) of him to leave the children on their own in the pool. 15Many species, _ (range)from pigeons to monkeys, have shown that they can make or learn lists.16_ (not receive) a reply, he decided to write again.17In order to grow, people need to have a _ (will)

42、 to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.18Can you imagine yourself _ (stay) in a lonely island? 19We would _ (appreciation) it if you could turn down the music.20The scenery here is _ and all the visitors are deeply _.(impress)Part 2. 阅读下面短文，在

43、空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a movie 1. _ (call) Geostorm, a weather-related disaster puts mankind 2. _ danger. Movies like this make us realize 3. _ easily we can be hurt when natural disasters strike. But in this movie humans were the cause of 4. _ disaster. When we try to control Mother Nature and

44、 the natural course of weather patterns, we can cause 5. _ (harm) effects. In this movie, the man-made satellites fail to work 6. _ (correct) and create serious problems for the earth. These satellites were made by humans 7. _ (control) the weather but in the end they cause disaster. This was not a

45、natural disaster, 8. _ one caused by mankinds desire for control.There 9. _ (be) a good lesson to be learnt from this movie. We must be more responsible about our fuel consumption (能源消耗) and not make the already alarming greenhouse effect 10. _ (affect) the world any worse. If we continue to do what

46、ever we want, we will not be able to prevent a natural disaster from global (全球的) warming in the future.Part 3.阅读理解A（广西桂林十八中2020届高三英语第十次适应性月考试）A few years ago, my husband Charlie and I had marital problems. Growing family responsibilities and financial worries took a toll on us and we began arguing

47、frequently, often late into the night.However, neither of us could take the step that would end our eleven-year marriage and bring heartbreak to our three young children. Deep down we knew we still loved each other, so we determined to work it out. Through countless discussions, we began to close th

48、e gulf. The more honest we were, the closer we became.When I felt we were reaching solid ground, I asked my husband to give me an “eternity(永恒) ring”. It was not so much the ring I wanted; it was the reassurance I thought it would bring.We went shopping on a beautiful summer day. We walked hand in h

49、and along a row of jewelers shops. Finally I found a ring I liked. While waiting for it to be adjusted, the jeweler took my left hand and glanced at my engagement ring. “May I clean it for you?” he asked. “It really doesnt sparkle like it used to.” Charlie said as I slipped the ring off my finger. A

50、 few minutes later the jeweler was back. The ring shone like new!On the drive home, I didnt take my eyes off it. I forgot all about the eternity ring. I just couldnt believe how this old ring suddenly sparkled the way it had the day Charlie gave it to me. I had taken it for granted these past years,

51、 but with a little polish it could still make my heart beat fast.And thats the way it is with a marriage. You have to work at keeping it polished and new, or else the grime(污垢) of the passing years will hide the joy. I put my hand on the seat between us and spread my fingers. Charlie covered my hand

52、 with his. I felt I was lucky to be able to see the sparkle in something gold when I thought I needed something new.1. Why did the author and her husband decide to solve the problems?A. They were a famous couple.B. They didnt want to divorce.C. The problems were not serious.D. They had experience in

53、 doing so.2.What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. free of troubleB. arriving at a squareC. wealthy and generousD. in good relationship3. Why did the author forget all about the eternity ring on their way back home?A. The old rings light attracted her attention.B. Her husband

54、kept it for her.C. The couple were talking all the way merrily.D. They didnt actually pay for it.4. What does the author mainly want to express in the last paragraph?A. We tend to prefer new objects to old ones.B. One should remain thankful for what he has got.C. Marriage should be constantly polish

55、ed.D. We should try to rediscover the true value of old objects.Part 4 单句填空1.He appears to be _ (absorb) in the sports news on the back page of his paper and ignores the hurrying crowds.2Man is fighting a battle against _ (pollute)3The time is _ (approach) when we must think about buying a new house

56、.4They have made an agreement _ (benefit) to all countries.5He made an _ (inspect) of the school.6In order to make a correct _ (decide), they pay close attention to the situation at home and abroad.7We should try our best to do the job because it is of great _ (important)8The factory was shut down b

57、ecause it used to give out _ (poison) gases.9It was highly _ (responsible) of him to leave the children on their own in the pool.10Many species, _ (range)from pigeons to monkeys, have shown that they can make or learn lists.11_ (not receive) a reply, he decided to write again.12In order to grow, peo

58、ple need to have a _ (will) to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.13Can you imagine yourself _ (stay) in a lonely island?14We would _ (appreciation) it if you could turn down the music.15The scenery here is _ and all the visitors are deeply _

59、.(impress)Part 5 汉译英1.你读过那篇关于营救两个渔民的文章吗?_you _ the article _ the rescue of the two fishermen?2.吸烟严重损害你的健康。Smoking _ _ your health. 3.他被我的话深深地打动了。He was _ _ _ by my words.4.现在Betterware公司计划在欧洲的其他地方开分店。Now Betterware plans to _ _ shops elsewhere in Europe.5.黑夜掩护了他们的行动。The darkness of the night _ _ _.6

60、.仿佛世界末日即将来临!It _ as if the world were coming to an _!7.医生叫我吸气然后慢慢地呼出。The doctor told me to breathe in and then _ _ _.8.如果他自己不努力自助,那你觉得帮他又有什么用呢?Whats the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an _ to help _?9.为了帮助饥饿的孩子们,我正在募捐。With the _ of our teachers,we learned_ to give first aid

61、.10.这座城市去年遭受了一次强烈的地震袭击,导致了几十人丧生。A big earthquake _ the city last year,_ dozens of people.Part 6 语篇填空A strong tsunami caused by _1_ most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island, _2_ ( strike) coastlines across Asia around 7：00, 26 December, 2004, _3_ (

62、kill) more than 6, 500 people in Southeast Asia. In Sumatra Island alone, _4_ least 1，870 people were killed. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars _5_ (sweep) away by huge waves. A local Thai woman said she was having breakfast with her three children _6_ water started filling her home, and

63、they had to leave everything and run to safety.Thousands of people were still _7_ (miss), and the number of _8_ (death) was expected to grow even _9_ (high) in the next few days. Foreign aid was being organised for the tsunamihit areas. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads made _10_ diffi

64、cult to deliver food and supplies.B阅读理解There is always something that happens in the world that everyone fears will happen to their town, city or country：natural disasters. The scariest part of it is that no one will ever see it coming. Though technology helps us prepare, but it never actually tells

65、 the people when its going to hit. It is always estimated but the result is never 100% accurate.However, that is not the point of this article. Two different natural disasters in two different parts of the world have happened in the past few weeks. One was a major flood that has hit Louisiana in the

66、 United States. The other was an earthquake that hit Amatrice, Italy. However, there is a major difference in the news coverage of the two tragedies.As for the flooding in Louisiana, it is reported that this disaster is the worst to hit the United States since Superstorm Sandy and itll cost at least

67、 $30 million. In only the first couple of weeks, 13 people had died. However, like me, many people did not hear about this tragic event. I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened.In Italy, however, it covered all media instantly. The earthquake in Italy happened on Tuesday m

68、orning. That same day, I was on Twitter and that was all that was over the news feed. Every other post was about the earthquake. Some would have the opinion that Amatrice, Italy was one of the most beautiful towns in that country. I got in deep sorrow because there were more people killed in this qu

69、ake than the flooding. So far, they have a total of 73 dead and over one hundred missing.I understand that technically the earthquake in Italy was worse than the floods in Louisiana. However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously

70、. We are one world united and should be there for all of the people who are in need of help. We may not be able to accurately predict disasters but, we can surely lend a hand out for the needy.5. What really concerns the author about the two natural disasters?A. The death and the injured.B. The medi

71、a report.C. The governments responsibility.D. Their economic loss.6. Why did the author learn about the flood so late?A. He didnt care about the flood.B. He felt nervous about the news.C. The media didnt cover it in time.D. The flood frightened the author a lot.7. What can be inferred from the passa

72、ge?A. Italy isnt good at predicting the natural disasters.B. All natural disasters should be covered equally.C. The world should be united into one instantly.D. America should help Italy predict natural disasters.8. How is the text mainly developed?A. By making a comparison.B. By following the time order.C. By listing some examples.D. By analyzing the causes.