新教材2020-2021学年人教版英语高中选择性必修三课件：UNIT 1 LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE .ppt

1、Unit 1ArtLearning About Language语法精讲素养提升不定式作表语(Infinitives as the predicative)【情境探究】观察上面对话,并根据所给单词完成下面句子。1.My idea is _(climb)the mountain from the north.2.My dream is _(become)an outstanding architect after graduation.3.Our aim is _(make)books available to all.to climbto becometo make【要义详析】一、动词不定式的

2、形式动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式三种时态;有主动和被动两种语态。动词不定式的一般式指现在或将来,动词不定式的完成式指过去。否定式将“not”放在不定式符号“to”之前。动词不定式的基本形式有:主动形式被动形式一般式to do/not(never)to do(not)to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done(1)不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。*(2019全国卷)Ive had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to open

3、 a cafe.从小时候以来,我有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一间咖啡馆。(2)不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行,与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。*When her parents came back last night,she happened to be doing her homework.当她的父母昨晚回来的时候,她碰巧正在做作业。(3)不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之前。*They are said to have just finished cleaning their bedrooms.据说他们刚刚打扫完卧室。(4)动词不定式的被动语态:在不定式中,如果不定式的逻

4、辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,不定式用被动语态。*The celebrations have to be put off because of the stormy weather.由于暴风雨天气,庆祝活动不得不推迟。二、不定式作表语1.不定式作表语时常见的动词不定式作表语时,一般紧紧跟在系动词后面,如be,seem,remain,appear,get等,用来说明主语的内容。*(2019北京高考)The best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.打造一支出色的队伍最好的

5、方法是把最有才华的个人聚到一起。*To know everything is to know nothing.百事皆通,百事不能。*(2019全国卷I)The efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。【名师点津】主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件,一是结果)。*To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.对敌人善良就是对人民的残忍。*To do that would b

6、e to cut the foot to fit the shoe.为了做到这将是削足适履。2.主语是以way,aim,duty,hope,dream,idea,intention,purpose,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion,task等抽象名词为中心词的名词词组,常在“be动词”后作表语。*(2020 天津高考)One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.开始的方式之一就是回答你自己的借口。*The aim is to get the hotel off the ground by 2025 and

7、 make it fully operational for travel by 2027.这家太空旅馆计划在2025年前建成,并在2027年前全面投入运营。*“The immediate goal is to bring the pandemic under control.”said WTO Director-General Roberto Azevedo.世贸组织总干事阿泽维多表示,目前首要目标是控制疫情。*The great happiness is to serve the people.最大的幸福就是为人民服务。【名师点津】动名词和不定式在句中作表语的区别(1)一般情况下,区别不大

8、,可通用。*Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.眼见为实。(2)动名词表示的动作较抽象或是习惯性的,而不定式表示某次具体的动作。*My job is typing papers.我的工作就是打印文件。*My job now is to type these papers.我现在的工作就是打印这些文件。3.what 引导的名词性从句,后面的不定式说明其内容。*What I would suggest is to start work at once.我要建议的是现在就开始工作。4.在某些句型中,当主语部分有动作动词do及其不同形式时,作表语的不定式

9、可以省略符号“to”。*All we have to do is push the button.我们所能做的就是按下按钮。*The only thing I can do is accompany you to the end of the world.我唯一能做的就是陪伴你走到世界尽头。5.疑问词+不定式结构作表语 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加动词不定式构成不定式短语,它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。*The problem was how to get rid of the waste thrown by the passengers.问题是

10、如何处理乘客们丢弃的垃圾。*Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.也许最难熬的挑战,就是生活中孤独无友。6.有些作表语的不定式,在结构上是主动的,但在意义上却是被动的。*She is to blame.她应该受到责备。*The house is to let.此房出租。【名师点津】不定式表将来“be+动词不定式”结构可以表示多种不同的语义。(1)表示“计划”或“安排”。*Sweden is to close all high schools and universities from Wed

11、nesday瑞典将从周三起关闭所有高中和大学。(2)表示“命令”。一般译为“必须”或“不准”。*This naughty boy is to stay here until class is over.这个淘气的男孩必须待在这里直到下课。(3)表示“应该”。*You have done so well.You are to be rewarded.你做得很好。你应该被奖励。(4)表示“不可避免”或“注定发生”,意为“必定”。*Your plan is to be a failure.你的计划注定失败。【即学活用】用所给单词的正确形式填空。(1)The important thing is _(

12、finish)the work on time.(2)The engine just wont start.Something seems _(go)wrong with it.(3)The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,not _(make)it more difficult.(4)(2018浙江高考)The easiest way to accomplish this is _(make)sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.to finishto have

13、 goneto maketo make课时检测素养达标.用所给单词的正确形式填空1.I think it is the car driver who is _(blame)for the traffic accident.2.What I want to do is _(tell)you the truth.3.What he hoped was _(admit)into the university.4.If we are _(succeed),we must rely on the masses.5.A use of the computer network is _(send)e-mai

14、ls.6.To live is _(do)something worthwhile.7.His aim is _(find)out a cure for the 2019-nCoV.8.Tom seemed _(learn)the good news.to blame(to)tellto be admittedto succeedto sendto doto findto have learned9.What you need is _(tell)them about this difference and believe them.10.An English speech competiti

15、on is _(hold)each term.to tellto be held.完成句子1.My chief end is _and my people.我的首要目标是为国为民服务。2.Kurz says the aim is _or sneezing on others and infecting them.库尔茨说,目标是为了防止人们朝着他人咳嗽或打喷嚏并感染他人。3.The best way to accomplish this goal is _.实现这一目标的最好办法是尽量多团结人。4.The only thing he could do was _.他唯一能做的就是告知事实。to

16、 serve my countryto prevent people coughingto unite as many people as possible(to)tell the truth5.Her wish is _for advanced study.她的心愿是到国外进修。6.Her purpose in learning is _.她学习的目的是当医生。7.He is _until we return.在我们回来之前他必须待在这里。8.Their purpose _and a strong economy.他们的目的是要建立一个公平的社会和一个强大的经济体。to go abroadt

17、o be a doctorto stay hereis to build a fair society9.His ambition was _face to face.他的心愿是,要面对面地见到他所喜爱的流行歌星。10.All you have to do is _.你得做的就是马上完工。to meet his favourite pop star(to)finish the job quickly【语法主题英语】用所学不定式的相关知识翻译下列句子并组句成篇1.我的梦想是成为一名英语老师。2.要做一名英语老师很有挑战性。3.我要做的就是提高我的口语,并掌握教学这门艺术。4.在大学里我计划学英语专业。_ My dream is to be(be)an English teacher.To be(be)an English teacher ischallenging.What I should do is to practice(practice)my spoken English andmaster the art of teaching.I am to major in English in college.