2019版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析新人教版必修3.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars李仕才一、阅读理解。The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as its harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.Ac

2、cording to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behavior. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinsons disease.Accordin

3、g to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can ac

4、tually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California, San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.Until the scienti

5、fic community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.When informed of these possible health benefits and harm of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high sc

6、hool student stated, “Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的几种不同观点。1What is the peoples attitude towards the effects of coffee on h

7、ealth according to Paragraph 1?ADisapproving.BTolerant.CDoubtful. DMixed.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，长期以来，饮用咖啡是否对健康有影响一直是有争议的、不确定的。一些人认为咖啡有害于健康，一些人则认为其有益于健康。D项意为“混合的，混杂的”，符合题意，故D项正确。2What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?APersonal. BSlight.CReasonable. DHeavy.C解析：词义猜测题。根据该句中的“l

8、ess than 4 cups”可知，饮用的咖啡不超过4杯；据此可以判断，该句是说，每天摄入适量的咖啡因对身体无害。据此可知，画线词意为“适度的”，故C项正确。3What can we infer about Harwood?AHell keep on drinking coffee.BHe loves his high school life.CHe often falls asleep in class.DHe has some health problems.A解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后两句“Even though there might be some negative effec

9、ts of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”可知，Harwood认为，尽管喝咖啡可能会带来一些负面影响，但大多数情况下，喝咖啡对健康有好处；更不用说，他需要咖啡来保持清醒。据此可以推断，他将继续喝咖啡，故A项正确。4What would be the best title for the text?AWhy People Love Coffee?BHow Coffee Affects He

10、alth?CThe Culture of Coffee DrinkingDThe New Findings of Heart DiseaseB解析：标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的不同说法。有人认为适量饮用咖啡有益身体健康，有人却认为过量饮用咖啡会增加心脏病的发病率。据此可知，B项最适合作为本文的标题。二、单句语法填空1(2017北京高考)Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案：whoeverwhoever “无论谁”，表泛

11、指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。2My relationship with the actors is fundamental _my work as a director.答案：tobe fundamental to . “是的基础”。3I can say that it is the _(violence) film that I have ever seen.答案：most violent由“that I have ever seen”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。4His last paintings are perhaps the most _(puzzle), whic

12、h even the artists cant make sense of.答案：puzzling此处形容词puzzling “令人困惑的”作表语，描述主语paintings的本质特征。5_exists a good way to solve the problem in geography.答案：ThereThere exists . “存在；有”。6As secondhand smoking is _(harm) and dangerous, people want a total ban against smoking in public.答案：harmful此处形容词harmful “

13、有害的”作表语。7She bought a heavy curtain _(block) out the light.答案：to block此处动词不定式短语to block out作目的状语。8Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer _ , hoping to make his parents less worried.答案：upcheer up “(使)感到高兴，(使)振作起来”。9Measures have been taken to prevent the river from _(pollute)答案：being pollutedpre

14、vent sb./sth. from doing sth. “阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填动名词的被动结构。10_(like) what you supposed, only a few people attended the party, which was disappointing.答案：Unlike根据语意可知，“并不像”你所猜测的那样，故填Unlike，引导名词性从句。三、完形填空。The murmur of the audience had just faded into silence.This was one of the

15、 most _1_ days in fiveyearold Patricia McKees life：the Kernot School Concert.She stood _2_ the curtain with her schoolmates.Yet she was not _3_ because everyone had been practicing for weeks and knew their _4_ by heart.Being in a remote country town，Patricia knew that everyone would _5_ for the big

16、occasioneveryone！Yet，it was this awareness that added a sense of _6_ to her excitement.There were two people who couldnt be in that _7_ that nighther mum and dad.Patricias parents _8_ the local general store，which was _9_ for business 24 hours.So it was simply _10_ that Mum and Dad could never atten

17、d community activities.It had been this way with her sister，so why should it be any _11_ for her?Still，Patricia couldnt help _12_ that her parents could be there to see her on such a special day，so she decided to _13_ the subject with her mother._14_，she had to face the facts.At such a young age，Pat

18、ricia couldnt really understand the deep _15_ in her mothers response：“Ill try to be there，sweetheart，but you know how _16_ it is for us to get away from the store.”Yet as the curtain slowly opened, little Patricia got the _17_ of her life.There，sitting four rows the front was her mother with a big

19、smile on her face!This powerful image _18_ one of Patricias most treasured memories.“Words cannot express the pure joy we both _19_ at that moment，” said Patricia.Her parents have passed away, but what a wonderful legacy(遗产) theyve left us：when someone really _20_ you，be there for them.1A.difficultB

20、importantCsad Dperfect2A.before BunderCbeside Dbehind3A.excited BmovedCafraid Dlost4A.parts BrelationsCjobs Dforms5A.join up BprepareCdrop in Dturn out6A.happiness BsadnessCwillingness Deagerness7A.audience BstoreCplay Dmovie8A.bought BgotCsold Dran9A.easy BopenCstill Dclosed10A.recognized BdeniedCa

21、ccepted Dincredible11A.different BsatisfiedCpersonal Dwise12A.thinking BtalkingClearning Dwishing13A.hand in Bgo throughCbring up Dput away14A.Surprisingly BHappilyCObviously DSadly15A.pain BmeaningCunderstanding Dthought16A.awful BhardCtroublesome Dthankful17A.blow BwonderCperson Dsurprise18A.remai

22、ned BleftCtook Daffected19A.wanted BexperiencedCmade Dforgot20A.hates BlovesCcares Dneeds【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。父母因忙于看店无法去看Patricia McKee的演出，所以当Patricia突然看到母亲出现在演出现场时，她非常惊讶。这一刻成了她一生的回忆。文章通过这件事告诉我们：当别人需要你时，请陪在他们身边。1B考查形容词辨析。根据第二段中的“the big occasion”以及常识可知，对于五岁的Patricia来说，那天是一个重要的日子。B项意为“重要的”，符合语境。A项意为“困难的”

23、；C项意为“悲伤的”；D项意为“完美的”，均与语境不符。故选B。2D考查介词辨析。根据常识及第五段第一句“Yet as the curtain slowly opened”可知，出场前Patricia和她的同学站在幕布的后面。D项意为“在的后面”，符合语境。A项意为“在面前”；B项意为“在下面”；C项意为“在旁边”，均与语境不符。故选D。3C考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“because everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知，所有人都排练了几个星期，所以她不害怕。C项意为“害怕的”，符合语境。A项意为“兴奋的”；B项意为“感动的”；D项意为“迷惘的，

24、困惑的”，均与语境不符。故选C。4A考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“everyone had been practicing for weeks”可知，排练了几个星期，每个人都记熟了自己的台词和动作。A项意为“角色，台词和动作”，符合语境。B项意为“关系”；C项意为“工作”；D项意为“形式”，均与语境不符。故选A。5D考查动词(短语)辨析。根据语境可知，所有人都会出席这个盛大的活动。D项意为“出席，参加”，符合语境。A项意为“连接，联合起来”；B项意为“准备”；C项意为“落进，顺便拜访”，均与语境不符。故选D。6B考查名词辨析。根据下一句内容可知，因为父母不能来观看演出，所以Patricia在兴奋

25、的同时又有些难过。B项意为“悲伤，难过”，符合语境。A项意为“幸福”；C项意为“乐意”；D项意为“渴望”，均与语境不符。故选B。7A考查名词辨析。根据下一段内容可知，此处指Patricia的父母亲不能在现场当她的观众。A项意为“观众，听众”，符合语境。故选A。8D考查动词辨析。根据空格后面的宾语“the local general store”可知，此处指Patricia的父母在当地经营一家杂货店。D项意为“经营，参加，跑”，符合语境。故选D。9B考查形容词辨析。根据空格后面的“for business 24 hours”可知，这个杂货店24小时营业。B项意为“开放的，营业的”，符合语境。故选

26、B。10C考查词义辨析。根据上下文可知，她的父母经营一家24小时都营业的商店，所以她的父母从不参加社区活动是可以接受的。C项意为“公认可接受的，被认可的”，符合语境。A项意为“辨认出”；B项意为“否认”；D项意为“极好的，难以置信的”，均与语境不符。故选C。11A考查形容词辨析。根据前一句“It had been this way with her sister”可知，父母也没有参加过姐姐的活动，所以对她不会有所不同。A项意为“不同的”，符合语境。B项意为“满意的”；C项意为“个人的”；D项意为“明智的”，均与语境不符。故选A。12D考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“Still”和“her pare

27、nts could be there”可知，虽然如此，Patricia还是忍不住希望她的父母亲能来看她演出。D项意为“希望”，符合语境。A项意为“想，认为”；B项意为“谈论”；C项意为“学习”，均与语境不符。故选D。13C考查动词短语辨析。根据上文提到的Patricia希望她的父母能来看她演出和空格后面的宾语“the subject with her mother”可知，此处指Patricia决定向母亲提出这个话题。C项意为“提出”，符合语境。A项意为“上交”；B项意为“经历”；D项意为“把收起来”，均与语境不符。故选C。14D考查副词辨析。根据本句中的“she had to face the

28、 facts”以及下文母亲的回答可知，她的母亲并不确定能不能参加，所以很遗憾她只能接受这个事实。D项意为“不幸地，说来遗憾”，符合语境。A项意为“惊讶地”；B项意为“高兴地”；C项意为“明显地”，均与语境不符。故选D。15A考查名词辨析。根据常识以及后来母亲出现在观众席里可知，母亲想参加女儿的活动却抽不出时间，她也很痛苦，但五岁的Patricia并不理解这种痛苦。A项意为“痛苦”，符合语境。B项意为“意思”；C项意为“理解”；D项意为“想法”，均与语境不符。故选A。16B考查形容词辨析。根据上文提及的24小时营业商店可知，她的父母亲离开商店是一件很困难的事情。B项意为“困难的”，符合语境。A项

29、意为“可怕的”；C项意为“麻烦的”；D项意为“感激的”，均与语境不符。故选B。17D考查名词辨析。根据上文母亲的回答可知，母亲观看Patricia的演出的可能性不大，所以当Patricia看到台下的母亲时，那真的是她人生中的惊喜。D项意为“惊喜，意想不到的事”，符合语境。A项意为“打击”；B项意为“奇迹”；C项意为“人”，均与语境不符。故选D。18A考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，母亲的出现对Patricia来说是一个很大的惊喜，所以这一幕成为Patricia最珍贵的记忆之一。A项意为“继续，依然”，符合语境。B项意为“离开”；C项意为“拿走”；D项意为“影响”，均与语境不符。故选A。19B考查动

30、词辨析。“we both _ at that moment”是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，先行词the pure joy在从句中作空格处所填词的宾语。句意为Patricia说：“没有言语能表达出我们在那一刻所体会到的那种纯粹的快乐。”B项意为“体会，感受”，符合语境。A项意为“想要”；C项意为“使得，制造”；D项意为“忘记”，均与语境不符。故选B。20D考查动词辨析。通读全文可知，文章通过 Patricia的经历告诉我们：当别人真正需要你时，要陪伴在他们的身边。D项意为“需要”，符合语境。A项意为“憎恨”；B项意为“爱”；C项意为“在乎”，均与语境不符。故选D。四、单句改错1

31、Mary arrived just on time for her flight to London._答案：oninin time for . “及时赶上了”。2It was hot in the room, because the airconditioning system broke out._答案：outdownbreak down “出故障”。3She married at 27 and gave birth of her first child shortly._答案：oftogive birth to “分娩；产生”。4Watch out sharp bends and adj

32、ust your speed accordingly._答案：out后加forwatch out for sth. “当心/密切注意某物”。5The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as bigger as the present one._答案：biggerbig在比较等级的表达方式中“as . as”中，应用形容词或副词的原级。五、短文改错I felt delighted to be informed the news that I would be our Student Union

33、s next minister of health.Therefore，when I calmed down，I began to realize what challenging the job would be.I can still remember the first time I hold a meeting with all the members，that was a real challenge for me.With so many eyes fixing on me，I struggled to speak as my face and ears turned comple

34、te red.I had never felt so nervous ago.Although I went through a series of difficulty, I gained a lot as wella plenty of new friends，the ability to communicate and an improvement in my organizational skills.【答案】I felt delighted to be informed the news that I would be our Student Unions next minister

35、 of health.，when I calmed down，I began to realize challenging the job would be.I can still remember the first time I a meeting with all the members， was a real challenge for me.With so many eyes on me，I struggled to speak as my face and ears turned red.I had never felt so nervous .Although I went th

36、rough a series of ， I gained a lot as well plenty of new friends，the ability to communicate and an improvement in my organizational skills.第一处：考查固定搭配。be informed of/about为固定搭配，意为“被告知”。第二处：考查副词。句意为：然而，当我平静下来后，我开始意识到这份工作多么具有挑战性。根据句意可知，前后为转折关系。第三处：考查感叹句。How引导感叹句的句型为“howadj./adv.主语谓语”；此处是修饰形容词“challengi

37、ng”，应用how。第四处：考查动词的时态。根据上下文语境可判断出，此处应用一般过去时，描述发生过的事情。第五处：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“I hold a meeting with all the members”，应用关系代词which。第六处：考查非谓语动词。此处指很多双眼睛聚焦在“我”身上，“eyes”和fix之间是被动关系，因此应用过去分词形式。第七处：考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词“red”。第八处：考查副词辨析。句意为：以前我从没觉得这么紧张。ago常跟一般过去时态连用，与语境不符。根据句中的过去完成时态可知，此处应用before。第九处：考查名词复数。句意为：尽管我经历了一系列困难的事情。此处difficulty是抽象名词具体化，意为“困难的事情”，应用复数形式。第十处：考查固定搭配。plenty of为固定搭配，意为“大量，许多”。