2019高考英语一轮优练题Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析新人教版必修3.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars李仕才(必修3Unit 4)【短文语法填空】根据短文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The Internet 1.has_grown(grow) rapidly in the last thirty years，2.but some experts are pessimistic about the future of the Internet.Now some hackers can get 3.into the computers of banks and government

2、s while in the future even terrorists may “attack” the worlds computers，4.causing(cause) great damage.However，there are many people 5.who are optimistic about the future of the Internet. 6.What has convinced them is that people can do many things such as 7.buying(buy) books and finding out about hol

3、iday offers from the Internet.Here are some peoples predictions.There will be a huge 8.growth(grow) in shopping on the Internet and we will get 9.entertainment(entertain) from the Internet，so that television will disappear as well as the mail service.The use of computers with sounds and pictures wil

4、l make you feel as if you are in a real situation and virtual 10.reality(real) will become a part of modern life.阅读理解A(2016兰州诊断)One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem,Pennsylvania.We had heard in sc

5、hool about a planet called Pluto.It was the farthest,coldest,and darkest thing a child could imagine.We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on.We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than the Antarctic,or th

6、an the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania.Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”(矮行星)in 2006,captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.Pl

7、utos underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive.Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaughs task was to search millions of stars f

8、or a moving point of light,a planet that the observatorys founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.On February 18,1930,Tombaugh found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depressions dark encroachment (入侵).Plut

9、o is much more than something that is not a planet.Its a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isnt the limit at all.We dont know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.1.Why did Pluto become famous

10、 in 2006 according to the passage?A.Because it disappeared in the sky.B.Because it lost its major planet status.C.Because it was discovered by an American.D.Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe.2.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Plutos RomanceB.Pluto Was First Di

11、scovered by a BoyC.An American Scientist:Clyde TombaughD.The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania3.What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?A.Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression.B.Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh.C.Clyde Tombaughs

12、telescopes used for searching stars were very simple.D.Clyde Tombaughs job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory.4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph is most likely to mean .A.Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar systemB.Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system

13、C.Pluto is more important than any other planet in the skyD.Pluto is not a planet in the solar system,but it is more than a planetBFollowing the crowd may not always be in a persons best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.Sci

14、entists have known that close friendships help boost health.Thats true for both teens and adults.The finding inspired Joseph Allen，a psychologist at the University of Virginia，and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.So they followed 171 teens，starting

15、 when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25,26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed e

16、ach persons overall health.When the researchers analyzed the data，they found a strong connection between a teens behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later he

17、alth.Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression.And in thes

18、e people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky

19、behavior，such as smoking，drinking or using drugs.Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy.”And，he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”1Where can you probably

20、 read this passage?AScience fiction.BHealth column.CFashion magazine.DEntertainment newspaper.2We can learn from Allens study that _.Amany other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendshipsBmental health issues have nothing to do with adult healthCthe same 171 teens were in

21、terviewed each year from 13 to 27Dthe teens who couldnt express themselves grew up to be unhealthy3According to what Allen said，we can know that _.Ain order to do better at school，teens should not follow the crowdBthough its challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure，they should not give upCte

22、ens will engage in smoking，drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressureDparents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends4What can be inferred from the passage?AThere is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.BClose friendships are the most important for peoples health.C

23、Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.DAdult health is only influenced by teen friendships.【解题导语】研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。1B考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”，故B项正确。2D考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back.sick as ad

24、ults”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。3B考查细节理解。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故选B。4C考查推理判断。根据文章第一

25、段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思，故C项正确。根据最后一段第一句“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks”可知，与朋友相处有好处，但是也有一定的缺点，故A项与文意不符；

26、B项错在“the most”，D项错在“only”，都太过于绝对。.七选五阅读Violent Games:Fun or Harmful?If you play lots of video games,youve probably blown a zombie(僵尸) into tiny bits.1 Many adults worry that playing such games could make children act violently in real life.Is that true?The American Academy of Pediatrics(儿科) says tha

27、t violence in any kind of mediafrom TV to music to video gamespresents a risk to kids health.A number of studies have shown a link between video games and aggression,including one published in JAMA Pediatrics in 2014,which found that kids who played violent video games showed an increase in aggressi

28、ve thoughts and behaviours.2But not all studies agree that violent games cause kids to act out.Another study replaced violent deaths with evaporation(蒸发) in a game.3People who played the non-violent game without any training were more aggressive afterward than people who played the violent version b

29、ut learned to control themselves first.And heres an even stranger fact:When violent video games are released,people carry out fewer violent crimes!Why?4Steve Levitt,coauthor of the book Freakonomics,said,“If you can make video games fun enough,then kids will stop doing everything else.Theyll stop wa

30、tching TV,and theyll stop going out and creating violent disorder on the street.”What do you think?5A.One possible explanation:potential criminals are at home playing the new game.B.Then,before playing the game,some people received training and others didnt.C.More than 3,000 kids answered survey que

31、stions during a two-year period.D.For example,thinking its OK to hit someone you dont like.E.Have you ever played any violent video games?F.Do violent video games cause bad behaviour?G.Some games even pile up dead bodies.短文改错(2016南昌二模)Everyone of us are thinking about the future.I have decided to be

32、come a middle school teacher.Does it sound surprised?I have had this dream when I was a child.I love children.I dont think to deal with them all years round is just wasting time.On the contrary,to me it means happiness.Like we all can see,teachers are badly needed in our country,and not many of us w

33、ant to become teachers.One of the main reasons of this is teachers work too hard but get too little.In spite of that,Im determining to devote all my life into the cause of education.考点规范练(必修3Unit 4)【短文语法填空】.A【解题导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了冥王星的传奇故事及其被发现的过程以及对人类的意义。1.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pluto,which famously was downgra

34、ded from a major planet to a dwarf planet in 2006.”可知,2006年冥王星之所以出名是因为其地位下降了,从一个重要的行星变成了一颗矮行星。2.A主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容可推知,本文主要介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义,故“冥王星的传奇故事”适合作文章的标题。3.C推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句 “Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground le

35、nses.”可知,克莱德汤博所使用的望远镜比较简单。4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段的第二句“Its a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isnt the limit at all.”和第三段中的“.because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.”可推知,冥王星虽然不是太阳系

36、边缘的行星,但是它的发现意义重大,比行星还重要。B.【解题导语】本文是议论文。文章讨论了暴力电子游戏带来的是趣味还是伤害。1.G根据下句中的“.playing such games could make children act violently.”可知,“一些堆满了尸体的游戏”可能会让孩子们行为暴力。2.DD项“认为可以打你不喜欢的人”符合本空前的aggressive thoughts and behaviours。3.B根据下句中的“People.without any training.people.learned to control themselves first.”可推测,“在

37、玩游戏前,有些人接受了训练,而有些人没有”。4.AA项“潜在的罪犯在家玩新游戏”是对本空前问题的“一个可能的解释”。5.F根据本文标题及全文内容可知,本文主要讨论了暴力电子游戏带来的是趣味还是伤害,故本文最后可能问的是读者对暴力电子游戏的看法:你认为“暴力电子游戏会引起不好的行为吗?”.Everyone of us thinking about the future.I have decided to become a middle school teacher.Does it sound ?I have had this dream when I was a child.I love chi

38、ldren.I dont think to deal with them all round is just wasting time.On the contrary,to me it means happiness. we all can see,teachers are badly needed in our country, not many of us want to become teachers.One of the main reasons this is teachers work too hard but get too little.In spite of that,Im to devote all my life the cause of education.