新教材2020-2021学年英语人教版选择性必修第三册素养课件：UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE PERIOD 3 .ppt

1、Unit 2 Healthy LifestylePeriod 3Learning About Language语法精析课语法精讲透析动词不定式在句中作主语和表语【体验悟】阅读下列课文原句,分析不定式短语在句子中的功能。1.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential.2.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.3.To change bad habits is nev

2、er easy,even with many attempts.4.To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits,we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.5.Aside from changing bad habits,we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits.6.For example,when we come to an escalator(cue),our normal

3、routine is to ride it.7.In fact,the most successful way to change is not suddenly,but over a period of time.8.To reach the goal of change,a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.9.You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits.【生成得】由上面句子可知,不定

4、式在句中可用作:.主语,如上面例句中的_,_;.表语,如上面例句中的_;.宾语,如上面例句中的_,_(第二个不定式);.定语,如上面例句中的_,_;.状语,如上面例句中的_(第一个不定式),_。另外,不定式在句中还可以充当_。136247948宾语补足语【研学析】一、不定式作主语1.不定式作主语位于句首,常出现于正式文体,例如:To study abroad is often considered a chance to experience a different culture.到国外学习经常被视为一个体验不同文化的机会。To over-speed on the road can be d

5、angerous.在路上超速驾驶非常危险。2.通常用作主语的动词不定式及其短语常出现在谓语动词之后,这时在句首用it来代替不定式作形式主语,构成下面几个常用句式:(1)It is+adj.for/of sb.to do sth.It was hard for the young man to understand what the foreigner said.这个年轻人很难理解外国人所说的话。It was generous of the family to offer the needy family financial aid.为贫困的家庭提供经济援助,这一家人很慷慨。【点拨迷津】“It

6、is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.句式中介词for或of的选择要注意以下原则:在“It is(was)+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.的句式中,作表语的形容词大多是表示事物性质的静态形容词,如:essential,easy,difficult,important,necessary,(im)possible,hard等,这类形容词与for后面的名词(代词)关系不密切,无意义上的主表关系。例如:It is necessary for us to master a foreign language.对于我们而言,掌握一门外语很有必要。在“It is(was)+a

7、dj.+of sb.”的句式中,作表语的形容词大多是表示人的特征的形容词。如:nice,kind,brave,careless,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,honest,polite,rude,silly,stupid,selfish,thoughtful等。这些表示人的特征的形容词与of后的名词关系十分密切,有意义上的主表关系。此时句式可转换为“主语+be+adj.to do sth.”的句式。例如:It is selfish of you to keep all the things to yourself.You are selfish t

8、o keep all the things to yourself.把所有的东西都归为己有,你太自私了。(2)It is+noun.for sb.to do sth.It is a good thing for them to learn about the outside world.了解外面的世界对他们来说是一件好事。It is great fun to have a talk with such a humorous person.与这样幽默的人聊天是非常有趣的事。(3)It takes(sb.)time/energy/money/courage to do sth.Without ad

9、equate food supplies,it often took me much energy to keep the family from going hungry.由于没有足够的食物供应,我常常要花费很多的精力才能让家人不挨饿。It takes great courage to admit the mistake he once made.承认自己所犯过的错误,这需要极大的勇气。【内化用】_her 2-month-old son was a tough choice she had to make.It was a tough choice for her to leave her

10、2-month-old boy.对她而言,离开两个月大的儿子是个艰难的选择。_the boss _me to take care of my sick child at home.老板允许我在家照顾生病的孩子,真是体贴入微。_the engineers more than 10 years _the new navigation system.开发新导航系统花费了工程师们十年多的时间。To leaveIt was considerate ofto allowIt tookto develop二、不定式作表语1.动词不定式放在be动词之后作表语,说明主语的内容,常为具体的动词或将来要发生的行为。

11、What Id like to suggest is to put off the meeting.我想要建议的是推迟这次会议。The chief purpose of the project is to help more people to get rid of poverty.这个项目的主要目的是帮助更多的人摆脱贫困。2.在以aim,duty,hope,wish,plan,goal,purpose,intention,dream,desire,ambition,determination等为中心词的名词词组作主语时,be动词之后常用不定式作表语,说明主语的内容。Our plan is t

12、o pay a visit to my first teacher this summer.我们的计划是今年夏天去拜访我的启蒙老师。His ambition is to become a successful lawyer after graduating from university.他的抱负是在大学毕业后成为一名成功的律师。3.不定式作表语时省略to的情况。不定式作表语时,原则上to不能省略。但是当主语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可以省略to。All I need to do is seek a better solution to the problem.所有我需要做

13、的是寻求一个更好的解决这个问题的方案。4.动名词和不定式作主语和表语的区别一般说来,表示一般行为时多用动名词,表示具体某次动作时多用不定式。Smoking is prohibited.禁止吸烟。Our task presently is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增产粮食。【内化用】用不定式作表语完成句子。My routine work _the disabled _their daily life.我的日常工作是帮助残疾人的日常生活。Our plan is _more young people _serving the community.我们的

14、计划是让更多年轻人参与社区服务。What we encourage the school kids is _.我们鼓励学生们抽出更多的时间去锻炼。All I could do then was _.当时我能做的是向村民求助。is to assistwithto getinvolved into take more time to work outturn to the villagers for helpOur work in the next three hours is _.在接下来的三个小时,我们要做的工作是彻底打扫这所房子。to give the house a thorough cl

15、eaning【常温故勤总结】不定式用法多,核心内容记心窝;主表宾定状补,可作成分要理清;作主语谓单数,句首it不定式末;作表语记特殊,两类用法要斟酌;计划梦想愿望,表语要用不定式;主语有do动词,切记表语to省略。.根据汉语提示完成句子1._in the given time is really a challenge for everyone.在规定的时间内完成这样一项任务,对于每个人而言都是一项挑战。2.It is very important for the young people _the people around them.对年轻人来说,学会如何与周围的人好好相处是很重要的。3.

16、_without knocking at the door.他不敲门就进来真是太没有礼貌了。课时素养达标To finish such a taskto learn how to get along well withIt is rude of him to come in4.It took us much time _.我们花了很多时间才说服他们接受我们的建议。5.Our hope is _through every street of our city in the near future.我们的希望是在不远的将来看到无人驾驶汽车穿行于城市的每条街道。6.What the senior pe

17、ople need is _老年人所需要的是有人和他们说话。7.All we could do then was wait for Mum _.当时我们能做的就是等着妈妈下班回家。to persuade them to take our adviceto see the self-driving cars runningto get someone to talk with.to return home after work8.The goal of the project is _their English.该项目的目的是帮助那些学习英语有困难的学生。9._has been a proble

18、m I have to face in the rush hour every day.堵车一直是我每天上下班高峰期不得不面对的问题。10.Our work is _to save the endangered animals in the local area.我们的工作是筹集资金来拯救当地的濒危动物。to help those students struggling withBeing caught in traffic jamraising money.根据所学的不定式用法,找出句中的不定式并分析不定式在下列句子中的作用1._is a great pleasure for all of

19、us.()2.The researchers have been working hard to find an eco-friendly way _.()3.Who was the first person _?()4.The moment he saw the manager _,he took out his smart phone.()To work with such an outstanding scientist作主语to producemore electricity作定语to set foot on Antarctica作定语leave the office省略to的不定式作

20、宾语补足语5.The purpose of new technologies is _.()6.To fetch water before breakfast seems to me a rule _.()7.We are delighted _you are going to pay a visit to my school.()8.He hurried to the airport,only _()9._,please read the instructions first.()to make life easier,not to make it moredifficult作表语never

21、 to be broken作定语to hear that原因状语to be told that the plane had left.结果状语To understand what you are studying better目的状语.综合语篇填空I found out one time that 1._(do)a favour for someone could get you into trouble.I was in the eighth grade at the time and we 2._(have)a final test.During the test,the girl 3._

22、(sit)next to me whispered something but I did not understand.So I leaned over and found out that she was trying 4._(ask)me if I had an extra pen.She showed me that hers was out of ink.I happened 5._(have)an extra one,so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk.Later,after the test papers 6.

23、_(turn)in,the teacher asked me 7._(stay)in the room when all the other students 8._(dismiss).As soon as we were alone she began 9._(talk)to me about what it meant to grow up;she mentioned how important it was 10._(stand)on your own two feet and 11._(be)responsible for your own acts.For a long time,s

24、he talked about honesty and 12._(emphasize)the fact that when people do something dishonest,they 13._(cheat)themselves.She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she had said,and then she told me I could leave.I walked out of the room 14._(wonder)why she had chosen to talk

25、 to me about all those things.1.【解析】doing。本题考查动名词作主语。句中that引导的宾语从句中缺少主语,要用动名词作主语,故填doing。2.【解析】were having。本题叙述当时所发生的事件,我当时在八年级,我们正在进行期末考试。表示过去正在发生的动作,句子的谓语要用过去进行时。3.【解析】sitting。考查现在分词作后置定语。句意:在考试过程中,坐在我旁边的女孩对我低声说了什么,但是我没有听懂。sitting next to me为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰girl。4.【解析】to ask。考查不定式用法。句意:所以我弯下身子,发现她是想

26、要问我有没有多余的笔。try to do sth.努力做某事。5.【解析】to have。考查不定式用法。句意:我碰巧有一支多余的笔,于是我把它从口袋里拿出来,把笔放在她的桌子上。happen to do sth.碰巧做某事。6.【解析】were turned。考查一般过去时的被动语态形式的谓语动词。句子主语为test papers为复数,与turn in为被动关系,故要用were turned in。7.【解析】to stay。考查不定式作宾语补足语。根据动词ask的用法ask sb.to do sth.故填to stay。8.【解析】were dismissed。考查句子谓语动词。all

27、the other students与dismiss之间为被动关系,故填were dismissed。9.【解析】to talk/talking。动词begin后接不定式或动名词作宾语,其基本意义相同,故填to talk或talking均可。10.【解析】to stand。考查不定式作真正主语。在It is+adj.+to do sth.结构中,不定式为句子真正的主语。11.【解析】be。考查不定式的省略。to stand on your own two feet与后面的be responsible for your own acts为两个并列的不定式,第二个不定式中to省略。12.【解析】emphasized。与前面的talked about honesty相并列,要用一般过去时态。故填emphasized。13.【解析】are cheating。考查谓语动词。句意:当人们做不诚实的事情时,他们就是在欺骗自己。本句所指为客观真理,故用一般现在时。同时从句中有when引导,在这里说明的是此刻发生的事情,故用进行时态。14.【解析】wondering。考查现在分词用法。句意:我走出房间,想知道为什么她选择和我谈话。wonder在句中与前面的walked out of the room动作同时发生,故要用现在分词作伴随状语。故要用wondering。