2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：8-3 WORD版含答案.docx

1、话题单词1invent v发明2create v创造3creative adj.有创造力的4patent n专利证书；专利权5diligence n努力6favorite adj.最喜欢的7motivate vt.激励8hobby n爱好9appetite n嗜好10selfconfidence n自信11talent n才能12available adj.可以利用的13challenge n挑战14trend n趋势，倾向v倾向，伸向15consult v请教，商量话题短语1make joint efforts做出共同努力2in general大体，通常，一般而言3achieve high

2、efficiency达到高效4spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事5carry out实施6there is no doubt不容置疑的7pay off回报8make full use of the time充分利用时间9achieve ones ambition实现某人的抱负10keep pace with跟上的最新发展话题佳句1Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是发明之母。2So I am determined to meet the challenge.因此，我决心迎接挑战。3My ideal is to be a

3、 wellknown scientist.我的理想是想成为一位著名的科学家。4It was a wonderful invention at the time.在当时那是一项了不起的发明。5He was full of inventionalways making up new useful products.他有丰富的创造力总是能创造出新奇的，有用的产品。佳作背诵科技创新大赛假定你是李华，你所在的城市最近举办了“科技创新大赛”，你参加了此项比赛并设计了一件具有新功能的日常生活用品。请用英文写一封邮件，将你的创意与你的英国朋友Tom分享。要点如下：1设计理由；2介绍新功能；3你的感想。注意：1

4、.词数不少于100；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom，Recently a competition of technological innovation has been held in our city.Every time I notice my teachers wiping their handwriting away from the blackboard and then their hands becoming dusty，I hope to offer them some help，so I designed a magic pen for them.The

5、appearance of my pen is different from the chalk，but resembles a common pen.The new functions make it more useful than a common pen.Pressing the button“T”，which is specially intended for teachers，users can write on the blackboard again and again，as the handwriting will be cleared up automatically af

6、ter a few seconds.Besides，you can change the writing colors easily.From the technological innovation，I learned that as long as we take time to observe our life，we can find ways to make it better.Do you like my pen?Yours， Li Hua识记思考运用1核心单词court n法庭；法院 seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺refrigerator n冰箱 tap vt.& vi.轻打；轻

7、拍；轻敲 n轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的bear vt.忍受 bore (过去式)borne (过去分词)file n文件；档案 vt.提交；将归档wire n金属丝；电线wireless adj.无线的merry adj.愉快的；高兴的merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的stability n稳定性practical adj.实际的；实用的 practise vt.练习 practice n练习，实践expectation n预料；期待；期望expect v预料；期待；期望；认为innocent adj.清

8、白的；无罪的；天真的innocence n天真；清白convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的convenience n便利；方便inconvenient adj.不方便的；引起麻烦的caution n小心，谨慎 cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地product n产品 produce vt.生产 production n产量 productive adj.多产的；有创造性的2阅读单词straw n稻草glue n胶水perfume n香水jam n果酱；阻塞ripe adj. 成熟的，熟的powder n. 粉， 粉末helico

9、pter n直升飞机stainless adj. 无污点的string n细绳，线，带lantern n灯笼；提灯courtyard n庭院，院子patent n专利权，专利证书 cubic adj.立方体的，立方形的 greengrocer n(英)蔬菜水果商triangle n三角形；adj.三角形的extension n扩大，延伸；电话分机directory n商行名录；电话号码簿personnel n全体人员；职员；人力资源；人事部dynamic adj.充满活力的，精力充沛的valid adj.有效的，合理的，有根据的version n译本；看法；说法identification n

10、. 鉴定， 辨别criterion n. 标准， 准则， 原则 (pl.) criteria passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy n宽大；仁慈abrupt adj.突然的；意外的 abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴association n协会；社团；联合；联想current n(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的currently adv.普遍地；通常地distinguish vt.&vi.显示的差别；辨别 distinguished adj.卓著的；著名的；

11、高贵的competence n能力；胜任；本领 competent adj.有能力的，能胜任的；能干的，称职的用上面所给单词的适当形式填空1He took measures to make up his fault，which received our recognition(recognize)2Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English，you must keep practicing speaking every day.(practice)3It is freezing outside

12、now，and more snow is falling on already frozen streets.(freeze)4If nobody can prove your innocence，how can you say you are innocent？(innocent)5He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.You should get on with him cautiously.(caution)6You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient

13、，that is，at his convenience.His house is conveniently near the bus stop.(convenient)7In western countries，the number“thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck，but actually there isnt any association between them.(associate)8The merciless king showed no mercy and killed all the prisoners.(mercifu

14、l)9The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out.(expect)10This is my occasional visit to the theme park，in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most.(occasion)1“社会交往”之“警告、提醒、禁止、要求与命令”caution 小心attention 注意forbid 禁止remind 提醒warn 警告be aware of 意识到look

15、out 当心take care 小心watch out 当心；注意claim 声张command 要求force 强迫order 命令request 请求require 要求2“频度”高频词速记annual adj.每年的frequent adj.频繁的；经常的regular adj.定期的；固定的；习惯性的；经常的occasional adj.偶尔；间或rare adj.罕有；很少usually adv.常常always adv.总是often adv.经常3“学习”相关词汇一览assignment n任务；作业effort n努力instruction n教育；指导；传授progress

16、n进步；前进reference n参考；参照revision n复习；温习4“演讲；报道”相关词汇一览lecture n演讲；讲座speech n报告；演说report n报告；报道address vt.演讲；致辞deliver a speech 发表演讲make a speech 发表演讲识记思考运用1动词介词(副词)call up 给打电话；使想起set about 开始；着手dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入set out (to do)开始(做)hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过ring back

17、回复电话ring off 挂断电话2其他形式now and then 偶尔；有时out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Its the love and responsibility that have driven him to get through many hardships and survive.2My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，even though hes in his nineties.3Dont you think the files and some of the papers

18、 were out of order？You had better sort them out.4When you were out，John rang up，and he wanted you to ring him back.5The photos on your Wechat call up the days when we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.6Having made up his mind，Flank set about carrying out the plan immediately.1表示“开始/着手做某

19、事”的短语精选get down to doing sthset out to do sth.set about doing sth.settle down to sth.start/begin doing/to do sth.2打电话相关短语大全打电话给某人call/ring back 回电话3rather 相关短语一览or rather 更确切地说would rather 宁愿rather than 而不是other than 除了在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get ne

20、w ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。so.that.“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。His invention was so practical that he soon got a patent.2.Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your

21、 mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。本句为“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”结构。给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。Give me a chance，and Ill give you a wonderful surprise.3500词汇语境篇先练后背，事半功倍Strange Patent ApplicationsI set about working in the current Patent Office after resigning 1.from the court personnel.Competent and dynam

22、ic，I never feel passive while diving into the identifications of whether applications are valid and 2.practical ( practically) according to the new version of the criteria.With the expectation of distinguishing their own importance，some people leave the beaten track and file strange 3.products ( pro

23、duce) with us now and then，for example，lantern that can 4.be attached ( attach) on your forehead，cubic walnuts，refrigerator made of straw and glue，perfume 5.that/which nobody can bear to smell，and so on.Once，a man made a triangle helicopter out 6.of stainless wires and string.He called us up and mer

24、rily claimed it was stable and convenient to use，and never out of order.I asked him to hang on，7.but this innocent man just rang off and set out to fly from his courtyard.I 8.dialed (dial)his number in the directory trying to ring him back，but never got through.Owing to merciful God blessing，an abru

25、pt freezing rainfall made his fuel powder wet.Luckily，the trouble was without any extension except 9.that he crashed into a greengrocers making all the ripe fruits become messy jam.When people seized this crazy man with caution and sobered him by tapping his face，he complained about the bad weather

26、instead of 10.associating (associate) his failure with his unscientific design.Note：sober /sb(r)/ adj.冷静的；有节制的；朴素的distinguish vt.&vi.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别(教材原句)Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要发明某种仁慈的东西

27、，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。拓展词：distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分的(1)distinguish between.and.区分/辨别和distinguish.from.使有别于，使具有区别于的特征distinguish oneself(as.)(作为)表现突出(2)be distinguished from不同于be distinguished by以为特征be distinguished for.因而出名be distinguished as.作为而闻名(1)Every mans life ends

28、the same way.It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another.每个人的生命结局都是一样的。彼此的差异只在于是怎样生活、又是怎样死的这些细节上面。(2)Reading good books can not only enrich our minds hut also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。(3)The Chinese nation

29、 is distinguished for its diligence and courage.中华民族以勤劳勇敢著称。(4)写作能力提升He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.(用分词短语作状语改写)Distinguished for his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(5)单句语法填空(2018浙江卷)No one will

30、 ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished(distinguish) writer.caution n小心；谨慎(教材原句)This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.这次我非常谨慎地弯腰去检查那些蛇，发现它们很困。拓展词：cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的cautiously adv.小心谨慎地(1)with cau

31、tion小心地(2)be cautious about/of.对小心谨慎be cautious to do sth.做小心谨慎(1)The truth is a beautiful and terrible thing，and should therefore be treated with great caution.真相是一种美丽而可怕的东西，因此需要格外谨慎地对待。(2)The teacher gave Tom a caution and told him never to do it again.老师给了汤姆一次警告，叫他不许再那样做。(3)单句语法填空The girls were a

32、fraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution.He always puts forward unusual plans.So be cautious about them before you decide to join in.If she had been even more cautious(cautious)，she wouldnt have made that mistake.She looked cautiously(cautious) around and then walked away from

33、 the house.associate v使联合；联想，联系；交往n同伴；伙伴(教材原句)Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life.虽然他一直以发明电话闻名于世，但是他的确是一个永不停息的探索者，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的可行方法。拓展词：association nC协会；社团；U联

34、合；结合；交往(1)associate.with.把和联系起来be associated with和有关associate with和交往或打交道(2)in association with和联合；与有关(1)The earthquakes are said to be closely associated(associate) with large-scale ice loss events.据说地震与大规模的冰川消融有密切关系。(2)You must bear it in mind that you should never associate with bad companions.你必

35、须谨记永远不要和坏人打交道。(3)单句语法填空In the childrens minds summer is associated(associate)with picnics.We are working in association(associate)with a local company to raise money for the homeless.The first step to making friends is associating(associate)with other people.(4)写作能力提升There are many serious health pr

36、oblems which are associated with smoking.There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.(association)call up给打电话；使回忆起(教材原句)When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upse

37、t.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话时，她感到很心烦。(1)call at拜访(某个地点)call off取消；停止call on/upon拜访(某人)；号召call for呼吁；要求；需要；去接(某人)call out大声地说出；命令某人出动call in召集；召来(2)ring/call back回复电话ring off/hang up挂断电话give sb.a ring/call给某人打电话(3)hang/hold on不挂断电话(1)Your letter calls up those pleasant days when we worked together.你的来信使我回想起那些我们一起工

38、作的快乐日子。(2)During the war，all young men were called up to fight in the army，the navy or the air force.战争时期，所有的年轻人都被征召参加陆军、海军或空军。(3)用call相关短语的适当形式填空。They decided to call in a doctor because the child was not any better.This is a problem that calls for an immediate solution.The boy on watch started cal

39、ling out when he saw somebody approaching.He had to call off the meeting because of the bad weather.This picture calls/called up my memories of the amusing experience.We called at our new neighbours last week.(4)单句语法填空(2018全国卷)The instructors called for an ambulance.set about开始；着手(教材原句)I set about r

40、esearching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。set about sth./doing sth.set out to do sth.开始/着手(做)某事set out出发，启程set off出发，动身；使爆炸set aside留出；对不予以考虑set down记下，写下set up建立，开办；开业；树立；造成，产生；安排set off forset out forleave for出发(到某地去)(1)They set about their work

41、 with great enthusiasm.他们以极大的热情投入到工作中。(2)Set aside some time each day to write，even if it is only five minutes.每天留出一点儿时间来写作，哪怕只有5分钟。(3)用set相关短语的适当形式填空We set about discussing when and how we should finish the task.The sooner we set about it，the sooner well finish it.As a traditional way to celebrate

42、the Spring Festival，setting off firecrackers is welcomed by most Chinese people.He is used to setting down his important thoughts in his diary.Follow it up，explore all around it ，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你

43、的大脑。本句为“祈使句and陈述句”句式。祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。(1)“祈使句and陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。(2)“祈使句or/or else/otherwise陈述句”相当于“if否定条件状语从句主句”。(3)“名词词组and陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another等词。(1)Learn to understand，and you will keep away from a world full of sadness and disappointment.学会理解，你就会远离满是悲伤和失望的世界。(2)If you make one

44、more effort，you will succeed.One more effort，and you will succeed.Make one more effort，and you will succeed.如果你再努力些，你就会成功。(effort)(3)Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.If you work harder，youll succeed in your studies.Working harder，you will succeed in your studies.如果你努力学习，在学习上你就会成

45、功。(work)(4)写作能力提升如果你不刻苦学习，你就会考试不及格。Study hard，or/otherwise youll fail in your exams.If you dont study hard，youll fail in your exams.You will fail in your exams unless you study hard.(5)单句语法填空(2018北京卷)In any unsafe situation，simply press the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you

46、 need.单词拼写1Many workers said they couldnt bear (忍受)the long hours.2A marriage provides a safe and stable (安定的) home for the husband and wife.3More than 100,000 people died per year because of passive (被动的)smoking.4In my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (抓住)opportunities can on

47、e succeed.5Leave a basin of water outside in freezing (严寒的) weather，and it will soon be covered with ice.6What criteria (标准)are used for assessing a students ability?7Hes too young to distinguish (区分)right from wrong，and needs your guidance.8That girl tapped (轻敲)her fingers on the desk impatiently.9

48、She has such a(n) innocent (无辜的)face that I find it hard to believe anything bad of her.10We all have an expectation (期待)that he can pass the driving test next week.单句改错1The sound of seagulls called in his happy memories of his childhood.inup2When you come to school，please visit my office for your c

49、onvenience.forat3We tried in vain to reach you last night.Was your phone out of the order？去掉the4The new government must set out finding solutions to the country economic problems.outabout5Seize the chance and you will regret it.andor/otherwise6I think you sbould be caution about giving your address

50、to strangers.cautioncautious7I feel honored to have the chance to live，work and associate for them.forwith8Distinguishing for its diligence and courage，the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.DistinguishingDistinguished.教材与语法填空When the writer called up her mother in the country

51、side 1.on the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes 2.seemed (seem) to have made their home there.The writer felt proud and considered 3.it a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.She set abou

52、t 4.researching (research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.5However，her first two plans were not successful.As 6.a result，she had to attempt a 7.third time，which helped her fulfill her aim 8.successfully (success)9.Pressed (press) by her friends and

53、relations，she decided to send her 10.invention (invent) to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.教材与短文改错Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland.When he was young，his family moves to Boston，USA.His mother was almost entire deaf.After that，he became interested in help dea

54、f people communicate and in deaf education.He found that by pressing his lips against his mothers forehead，he could make the bones move in so a way that she could understand that he was saying.It was his exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit which led to his inventions.Whats more，he was i

55、n the truth a continuing searcher.I improved the quality of everybodys life by finding much practical solutions.答案：Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland.When he was young，his family to Boston，USA.His mother was almost deaf.After that，he became interested in deaf people communicate and in de

56、af education.He found that by pressing his lips against his mothers forehead，he could make the bones move in a way that she could understand he was saying.It was his exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit led to his inventions.Whats more，he was in the truth a continuing searcher. improved

57、the quality of everybodys life by finding practical solutions.话题微写作1随着科学技术的发展，很多新发明使我们的日常生活更加轻松、便捷。2在所有的发明中，我最喜欢笔记本电脑。我认为它是二十世纪最让人惊奇的发明。3笔记本电脑重量轻、体积小，容易携带。4带着它，我们可以工作、学习、娱乐，随处可用。With the development of science and technology，many new inventions make our daily life easier and more convenient.Among all the inventions，I like the laptop best.I think it is the most amazing invention in the 20th century.Laptops are light and small，making them easy to carry.With a laptop，we can work，study and entertain ourselves anywhere we like.