2020高考英语新素养大二轮专题突破江苏版讲义：专题3 阅读理解 第二节 三 WORD版含解析.docx

1、三、写作意图题(2019天津，D)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a

2、book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote(堂吉诃德).And the story poses an interesting question：why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go

3、to seed long before?Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark.Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We cant all get there.Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that

4、 all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere.The things

5、we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and

6、enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我)，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us eq

7、uate(视等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellencewhether they are driving a truck，or running a storemake the world better just by being the kind of p

8、eople they are.Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson.语篇解读本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。51.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .A.loss of freedom stimulates ones creativityB.age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalC.misery inspires a man to fight

9、against his fateD.disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。52.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.End ones struggle for liberty.B.Waste ones energy t

10、aking risks.C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.D.Lose the interest to continue learning.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了继续学习的兴趣。故选D项。53.What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?A.Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B.Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C.Oppor

11、tunity favors those with a curious mind.D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.答案C解析推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性，困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。54.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.B.A wise man can l

12、ive without self-pity.C.A man should try to satisfy people around him.D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.答案D解析推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应该学会用合适的方式对待生活，因此选D。55.What is the authors purpose in writing the

13、passage?A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B.To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C.To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.答案A解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意

14、义。一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：1.整篇文章的写作意图/目的：(1)The author writes this passage in order to .(2)The author of the passage aims to .(3)The purpose of the passage is to .(4)What is the main purpose of the passage?(5)What is the authors intention of writing this passage?(6)The author of the stor

15、y wants to tell us that .2.某处细节的写作意图/目的：(1)The author uses.in the first paragraph to .(2)The author uses the example of.to .(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .(4)Why does the author mention.in the first paragraph?二、解题技巧1.文体特点推意图(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展

16、开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show等字眼。例如：【真题感悟】中的第55题，文章为议论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论：我们要让自己的成年生活充满意义。

17、A(2019南徐盐常四市联考)Some of the greatest moments in human history were fuelled by emotional intelligence.When Martin Luther King，Jr.presented his dream，he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience.Delivering this electrifying(令人激动的) message required emotional intelligencethe ability to re

18、cognize，understand，and manage emotions.Emotional intelligence has been highly recommended by leaders，policymakers，and educators as the solution to a wide range of social problems.If we can teach our children to manage emotions，the argument goes，well have less bullying and more cooperation.If we can

19、cultivate emotional intelligence among leaders and doctors，well have more caring workplaces and more compassionate healthcare.Emotional intelligence is important，but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured(掩盖) a dark side.New evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills，they becom

20、e better at manipulating(控制) others.When youre good at controlling your own emotions，you can hide your true feelings.When you know what others are feeling，you can 1motivate them to act against their own best interests.Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence.

21、11In a research led by University of professor Jochen Menges，when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion，the audience was less likely to scrutinize(细致审查) the message and remembered of the content.Ironically audience members were so moved by the speech that they claimed to recall more

22、of it.The authors call this the awestruck effect，but it might just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect.One observer reflected that Hitlers persuasive 6impact came from his ability to strategically express emotionshe would “tear open his heart”and these emotions affected his followers to

23、the point that they would “stop thinking 2critically and just emote”.Leaders who 7master emotions can rob us of our capacities to reason.If their values are out of step with our own，the results can be destructive.New evidence suggests that when people have self-serving motives(动机)，emotional intellig

24、ence becomes a weapon for manipulating others.In a study led by the University of Toronto psychologist Stephane Cote，university employees filled out a survey about their Machiavellian(不择手段的) tendencies，and took a test measuring their knowledge about effective strategies for managing emotions.Then，Co

25、tes team assessed how often the employees deliberately undermined(逐渐削弱) their colleagues.The employees 9involved in the most harmful behaviors were Machiavellians with high emotional intelligence.They used their emotional skills to lower the dignity of their peers for personal gain.Shining a light o

26、n this dark side of emotional intelligence is one mission of a research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff.According to these experts，emotional intelligence helps people disguise(伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain.Professor Kilduffs team wr

27、ites，“The strategic disguise of ones own emotions and the manipulation of others emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeares stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”Of course，people arent always using emotional intelligence for

28、 nefarious ends.More often than not，emotional skills are simply instrumental tools for goal accomplishment.A research team discovered that founder Anita Roddick used emotional intelligence to inspire her employees fundraise for charity.As Roddick explained，“Whenever we wanted to persuade our staff t

29、o support a particular project we always tried to break their hearts.”There is growing recognition that emotional intelligencelike any skillcan be used for good or evil.So if were going to teach emotional intelligence in schools and develop it at work，we need to consider the values that go along wit

30、h it and where its actually useful.1.Why does the author mention Martin Luther King，Jr.?A.To honor the great leader for his courage.B.To recommend his speech to other leaders.C.To impress the readers with a major topic.D.To advocate a society with fewer problems.答案C解析写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Some of the greate

31、st moments in human history were fuelled by emotional intelligence.”可知，人类历史上一些最伟大的时刻是由情商推动的，紧接着作者提到马丁路德金就是为了给读者留下深刻的印象，故C项正确。2.Which of the following belongs to a dark side of emotional intelligence?A.Developing the capability to control ones own emotion.B.Inducing people to do what brings disadvant

32、ages to them.C.Appealing to the audience to concentrate and remember more.D.Encouraging the moved audience to recall more of the speech.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句及最后一句可知，情商重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，当你知道别人的感受时，你可以激励他们违背自己的最佳利益，由此可知，诱导人们做对他们不利的事情属于情商的黑暗面之一，故B项正确。3.What is the dumbstruck effect of Hitlers emotional i

33、ntelligence?A.His followers would tear open their hearts to him.B.His followers would express emotions strategically.C.His followers would lose the ability to reason properly.D.His followers would develop the self-serving motives.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，希特勒之所以极具说服力，是因为他有能力战略性地表达自己的情绪，这些情绪会影响到他的追随者，让他们

34、不再批判性地思考，而只是发泄情绪，由此可知，希特勒情商的惊人影响是使他的追随者失去了正确推理的能力，故C项正确。4.How do people use their emotional intelligence for personal gain?A.They disguise their emotions to earn others trust.B.They help their colleagues to build up confidence.C.They present their strategic behaviors on the stage.D.They lower their

35、own dignity to gain popularity.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第七段中的“emotional intelligence helps people disguise(伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal gain”及“The strategic disguise of ones own emotions and the manipulation of others emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident”可知，人们通过掩饰自己

36、的情绪赢得别人的信任来获取个人利益，故A项正确。5.Which may mean the same as the underlined word “nefarious” in Paragraph 8?A.Immoral. B.Unimportant.C.Illegal. D.Uncontrollable.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及其后一句可知，人们并不总是利用情商来达到邪恶的目的，通常情感技巧只是实现目标的工具，由此可知画线词词义为“邪恶的，不道德的”，故A项正确。6.What would be the best title for the passage?A.The Benef

37、its of Emotional IntelligenceB.The Ways of Disguising Ones EmotionsC.The Reasons for Using Emotional SkillsD.The Dark Side of Emotional Intelligence答案D解析标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第三段中的“Emotional intelligence is important，but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured(掩盖) a dark side.”可知，情商固然重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，本文主要

38、介绍的就是情商的黑暗面，故D项正确。B(2019南京金陵中学、海安中学、外国语学校四模)“Be afraid.Be very afraid，” says a 10character in The Fly，a horror film about a man who turns into an enormous insect.It 3captures the unease and disgust people often feel for the kingdom of cockroaches，Zika-carrying mosquitoes and creepy crawlies of all k

39、inds.However，ecologists increasingly see the insect world as something to be frightened for，not frightened of. In the past two years，scores of scientific studies have suggested that trillions of murmuring，droning，honeybees，butterflies and beetles are dying off.“If all mankind were to disappear”，wrot

40、e E.O.Wilson，a 4respectable entomologist，“the world would regenerate.If insects were to vanish，the environment would collapse into chaos.”Most of the studies describe declines of 50% and more over decades in different measures of insect health.The immediate 5reaction is shock.Insects enable plants t

41、o reproduce，through pollination (授粉)，and are food for other animals，so a collapse in their numbers would be catastrophic.But a second look 8leads to a different assessment.Rather than causing a panic，the studies should act as a timely warning and a reason to take precautions.That is because the wors

42、t fear is unproven.There are no studies at all of wild insect numbers in most of the world.Reliable data are too scarce to declare a global emergency.Moreover，where the evidence does show a collapsein Europe and Americaagricultural and rural ecosystems are holding up.Farm production still remains hi

43、gh.As some insect species die out，others seem to be moving into the niches (生态位) they have left，keeping ecosystems going，although with less biodiversity than before.It is hard to argue that insect decline is yet causing significant economic damage.But there are complications.Agricultural productivit

44、y is not the only measure of environmental health.Animals have value，independent of any direct economic contribution they may make.The more species make up an ecosystem，the more stable it is likely to be.The extinction of a few insect species among so many might not make a big difference.The loss of

45、 hundreds of thousands would.And the scale of the observed decline raises doubts about how long ecosystems can remain resilient (能复原的).An experiment in which researchers gradually pulled out insect pollinators from fields found that plant diversity held up well until about 90% of insects had been re

46、moved. Then it collapsed.12Given the lack of data，it is impossible to know how close Europe and America are to an ecosystem collapse.But it would be reckless to find out by actually triggering one.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要采取预防措施。否则后果不堪设想。7.What does the underlined sentence in the first para

47、graph imply?A.Ecologists have long been afraid of those disgusting insects.B.Ecologists are worried about the disappearance of some insects.C.Ecologists have already got rid of the prejudiced feeling about insects.D.Ecologists are respectful of the insects ability to regenerate themselves.答案B解析推理判断题

48、。根据画线句及其后的内容可知，生态学家越来越多地把昆虫世界看作是受到惊吓的物体，而不是吓人的物体。在过去的两年里，大量的科学研究表明，数以万亿计的嗡嗡作响的蜜蜂、蝴蝶和甲虫正在消失。如果所有的人类都消失了，昆虫学家元老威尔逊写道，“世界还会再生但如果昆虫消失了，环境就会陷入混乱。”所以通过威尔逊所说的话可以判断出，第一段中带下画线的句子暗示出，生态学家担心一些昆虫的消失。故B选项正确。8.What conclusion can we draw from the studies conducted in the past two years?A.Though there is a decline

49、 in the number of insects，we still have the reason to be optimistic.B.Biodiversity can cause immediate damage so that we should take precautions right away.C.Data collected from all over the world is convincing to prove our environment is at risk.D.The consequence of decreasing biodiversity may be m

50、ore serious than we can imagine.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“That is because the worst fear is unproven.There are no studies at all of wild insect numbers in most of the world.”可知，生物多样性减少的后果可能比我们想象的更为严重。故D选项正确。9.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To show the magical power of our mother na

51、ture.B.To analyze why insects are on the edge of extinction.C.To draw peoples attention to the decreasing insects.D.To urge the scientists to collect more data about insects.答案C解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，短文说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要预防措施。昆虫是生态系统健康的指标。它们的衰落是一个警告，提醒我们要注意这一点，否则一切都太晚了。所以写这篇文章的目的是引起人们对正在减少的昆虫的注意。故C选项正确。.障碍词

52、汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved in voluntary work.激励2.This has given him a disposition to consider our traditions critically.批判地3.The robbery was captured on police video cameras.记录下，捕捉4.He was now a teacher and a respecta

53、ble member of the community.受人尊敬的5.Our instinctive reaction when someone causes us pain is to strike back.反应(二)同义词语替换6.French had a major impact on the English language.influence7.She struggled to master her fear of height.control8.Good habits always lead to high efficiency，while bad ones bring the

54、opposite.cause/result in/bring in(三)一词多义9.involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；使参加(1)If your goal involves other people，put yourself in their positions.影响(2)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.使参加(3)A crosstalk performance involves talking，imitating

55、，singing and telling jokes.包括10.character n.性格，个性；特征；品性，人格；人物；角色；符号；文字(1)I didnt know Ron had that much strength of character.个性(2)Michael Fish is my favourite.Hes a hoot，a real character.人物(3)Schools were created to teach reading，maths and moral character.人格(4)The film is autobiographical and the c

56、entral character is played by Collard himself.角色(5)A character is a letter，number，or other symbol that is written or printed.文字；符号.长难句理解11.In a research led by University of professor Jochen Menges，when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion，the audience was less likely to scrutinize

57、the message and remembered of the content.句式分析本句是一个复合句，主句是the audience was less likely to scrutinize the message and remembered of the content；In a research led by University of professor Jochen Menges是地点状语；其中led by University of professor Jochen Menges是过去分词短语作定语；when a leader gave an inspiring spee

58、ch filled with emotion是when引导的时间状语从句。精美译文在一个由大学教授Jochen Menges主持的研究中(发现)，当一个领导人做充满激情的演讲时，听众不太可能细致审查内容细节并记住演讲内容。12.Given the lack of data，it is impossible to know how close Europe and America are to an ecosystem collapse.句式分析本句是一个复合句，主句是it is impossible to know how close.；其中how引导一个宾语从句；Given the lack

59、 of data是介词短语作状语，译为“考虑到数据的缺乏”。精美译文 考虑到数据的缺乏，不可能知道欧洲和美洲生态系统的崩溃是何等的相近。强化练(二十一).单项填空1.Considered to be a less dangerous to tobacco，“e-cigs” are taking over the West as more and more people switch over when trying to kick the habit.(2019苏州八校高三联考)A.adjustment B.alternativeC.advertisement D.amusement答案B解析

60、adjustment调整，适应；alternative替代物，可供选择的事物；advertisement广告；amusement娱乐。句意为：随着越来越多的人开始戒烟，被认为是危险程度更小的替代物电子烟在西方国家变得流行起来了。根据句意可知使用电子烟作为烟草的替代品，故B项正确。2.What was wrong？Why didnt you go to the picnic as scheduled?Im sorry.I a seriously-injured old man to the hospital.(2019南京六校联合体高三月考)A.would deliver B.delivered

61、C.had delivered D.was delivering答案D解析考查时态。句意为：出什么事了？你为什么没有按计划去野餐？我很抱歉。我正在把一个严重受伤的老人送到医院。结合句意可知此处是表示在过去某一段时间内正在做某事，所以用过去进行时态，故选D。3.More and more products of the early Internet are coming to an end.The same is true in China，too，where Tencent says itll WebQQ on Jan.1,2019.A.shut down B.improve onC.put

62、forth D.set off答案A解析句意为：越来越多的早期互联网产品即将走到尽头。在中国也是如此，腾讯表示它将在2019年1月1日关闭 WebQQ。shut down关闭，停止运转，符合语境。improve on改进；put forth提出；set off出发，引发。4.Everyone in the tourist industry has made the point that Government assistance is helpful，what they actually need most is for the visitors themselves to return.A.

63、as B.when C.while D.since答案C解析句意为：从事旅游业的每个人都强调了这一点，尽管政府的援助确实有帮助，但是他们真正需要的是让游客自己回来。while引导让步状语从句时，相当于though和although，表示“尽管”，故选C。5.Jenny is not in the way to treat her students.Sometimes she is too tough on them，and sometimes she just allows them everything.(2019海安县高三期末)A.consistent B.conventionalC.co

64、nsiderate D.controversial答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。consistent始终如一的，一致的；conventional惯例的；considerate体贴的；controversial有争议的。句意为：珍妮对待学生的方式不一致，有时她对他们太严厉了，有时又放任他们。故A项正确。6.The college announced the students exchange program，most of students having submitted their application forms.(2019江苏江都、华罗庚等中学联考)A.them B.whichC.wh

65、ose D.its答案D解析考查独立主格结构。句意为：学院宣布了交换生计划，大部分学生已经提交了申请表。由于空格后面用了独立主格结构，此处应该用形容词物主代词，it指代The college，故D项正确。7.Next door to ours ，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.A.are living a black coupleB.live a black coupleC.are a black couple livingD.do a black couple live答案B解析考查倒装句。Ne

66、xt door to ours是地点状语，置于句首时句子要全部倒装，即主谓倒装。句意为：我们隔壁住着一对黑人夫妇，他们似乎已经在这个社区定居很久了。根据句意可知时态为一般现在时，故选B。8.All rights reserved.The content above shall not be reprinted without permission，thanks.A.arbitrarily B.barelyC.offensively D.optionally答案A解析考查副词辨析。句意为：版权所有，以上内容未经允许不准随意重印，谢谢。arbitrarily 随意地，武断地；barely勉强，几乎

67、不；offensively冒犯地，讨厌地；optionally有选择地。故选A。9.If you want to improve your figure and health，the most effective thing to do is to show up at the gym every time you be there.A.can B.willC.may D.shall答案A解析考查情态动词。句意为：如果你想改善你的身材和健康，要做的最有效的事情是每一次你能去健身房的时候就一定出现在那里。本题can表示能力。10.Must I stay at home reviewing les

68、sons even at weekends?Last time you did pass the exam unexpectedly，but dont this time because it is much more difficult.A.pull your weight B.seal your fateC.push your luck D.break your back答案C解析句意为：周末我必须待在家里复习功课吗？上次你出人意料地通过了考试，但是这次不要碰运气了，因为考试会难得多。pull your weight尽最大努力；seal your fate决定你的命运；push your

69、luck再次冒险，继续碰运气；break your back拼命工作。根据语境可知，答话者认为对方上次通过考试是靠运气，所以在提醒对方要认真复习而不能再凭运气，故选C项。.阅读理解AEl Nio，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around

70、 Christmas.El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balan

71、ce，than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in

72、Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio，in 1997-98，killed

73、around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past tw

74、o decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it l

75、ess likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors，civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the po

76、orer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from di

77、sasters linked to El Nio，reducing their losses needs to be the priority.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的得来、影响、危害等相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。11.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich c

78、ountries gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺得到的东西要比它们失去的多。12.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .A.more investment should

79、go to risk reductionB.governments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Nio deserve more compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的“.however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance.”可知以往政府对减少风险

80、的投入太少，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。13.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Nio and its origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Nio.C.To show ways of fighting against El Nio.D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio.答案D解析写作意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“helping divided communities to pr

81、epare for disasters would at least reduce the risk.”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。BProfessional courses，such as Masters in International Business or MIB，have been taken by many students in the last two decades.They are choosing new-age non-conventional courses that guarantee a better future.MIB

82、 is a specialized course that teaches the international business.There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course.The course content and teaching methods of MIB are quite different from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration.It has been designed with the sole objective of deve

83、loping professionals with an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the international trade.The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course.The massive increase in the international business and foreign trade gives excellent job prospects(前景) to the new generation.Acqui

84、ring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities.Those who want to pursue in the field of marketing also have a good future after completing the degree from a reputed MIB college.Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job profile of Internation

85、al Marketing Manage，and people with MIB degrees are preferred.The profile needs an in-depth understanding of the overseas markets，because it is the strategic post from the perspective of companys international business growth.Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the curricul

86、um of MIB，students have great job offers in the field of finance as well.Typically，organizations offer the profile of international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance.The specialization covers aspects of international taxes，accounts，budgeting and so on.P

87、eople in this field are well-paid，and growth prospects are unlimited.After completing degree course from a reputed MIB college，there is a good scope in the banking and finance sector as well.International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp over the international banking policies，curren

88、cy exchange，and international policies.Thus，MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational sectors.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。现在MIB(国际工商硕士)课程越来越受欢迎，文章对其受欢迎的具体原因进行了分析。14.The second paragraph is mainly developed by .A.analyzing causes B.listing figuresC.making compar

89、isons D.proving definition答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句和最后一句可知，本段主要是通过对比MIB和MBA课程之间的区别来组织写作的。15.More and more people intend to acquire a degree of MIB because .A.it is a compulsory course in the collegesB.it offers them conventional economic knowledgeC.it offers them opportunities to do small businessD.it h

90、elps them get good jobs in some organizations答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句可知，很多大型国际组织更喜欢聘用有MIB学位的人才，这才是越来越多的人学习MIB课程的主要原因。16.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.The international finance controller is a high-quality job.B.People get higher salary in business field than in finance field.C.MIB holders

91、 are more promising in all careers than others.D.International banks only accept employees from MIB colleges.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，MIB课程中含有商业金融方面的课程，通常，很多组织会把国际金融控制师的工作给这些完成MIB学位的人，说明这是一份非常好的工作。17.Whats the authors purpose of writing this passage?A.To make an advertisement for the MIB course.B.To a

92、nalyze the disadvantages of the MIB course.C.To explain why the MIB course is getting popular.D.To predict the development trend of the MIB course.答案C解析写作意图题。根据文章第一段可知，现在MIB课程越来越受欢迎，本段最后一句“There are valid reasons for so much popularity of MIB course.”提出这一课程受欢迎有很多原因，文章接下来的三段主要说明具体的原因。.完形填空You never k

93、now how far a kind act can go.You dont know who it can 18 either.When Gloria Porter and Jeff Reick began 19 ，they had no idea how much it would encourage others to 20 people with kindness.89-year-old Gloria Porter was lying in hospital.She couldnt leave her ward.So to escape from 21 ，she would often

94、 stare outside her window to watch construction workers 22 the new front entrance to the hospital.She wasnt expecting one of the ironworkers to wave to her.She couldnt help but wave back at the kind 23 .This was only the start of a special 24 between the two.Jeff Reick knew Porter was 25 ，so he deci

95、ded to send a kind 26 to her by finding some chalk and writing “Get Well” on one of the beams(梁) facing her 27 .“I just thought that was 28 ，” Porter said.“So I should do something to 29 that.”When Porter saw construction workers working high above the ground one cold，windy day，she grew 30 .She wrot

96、e “Stay Safe” on a piece of paper，which she then 31 on the window for the workers to see.“When I saw Stay Safe on the window，I 32 and said to my coworkers，Did you see that？” Reick said.The hospital staff took photos about that and 33 them on social media.The simple acts of kindness 34 and many peopl

97、e were employed in similar acts，including one woman who delivered 35 pizza to the construction workers.“I just try to lead by example and never expect so much 36 ，” Reick said.“If everybody 37 does things like that，the world will be a better place.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位生病住院的老人和建筑工人之间通过简短话语互相关怀的温暖故事。最终两

98、人互相关爱的故事也感染了其他人。作者借此告诉我们，如果每个人都互相关爱，世界将变得更加美好。18.A.affect B.pleaseC.disturb D.save答案A解析根据全文内容可知，此处意为你永远不知道善良的行为会走多远，你也不知道会“影响到谁”。故选affect。19.A.dating B.communicatingC.working D.arguing答案B解析下文Porter和Reick利用简短的话语互相关怀的情节属于communicate“交流”范畴。date约会；work工作；argue争论。20.A.shower B.impressC.charge D.comfort答案

99、A解析根据下文情节可知，他们不知道自己的善举会鼓励那么多人大量传达善意给其他人。shower大量地给，符合语境。21.A.fear B.sadnessC.restriction D.boredom答案D解析根据上文提到的Porter生病住院且不能离开病房可知，为了逃避无聊(boredom)，她常常在病房里盯着窗外看。22.A.destroying B.buildingC.repairing D.designing答案B解析根据空前的“construction workers”和空后的“the new front entrance to the hospital”可知他们正在建(build)新的

100、医院前门。destroy破坏；repair修理；design设计。23.A.favor B.inspirationC.gesture D.job答案C解析根据语境可知，Porter认为建筑工人向她挥手是一个善意的举动，并且在之后用行动回复了这样的善意动作。故选gesture。24.A.business B.troubleC.destination D.connection答案D解析下文提到在挥手致意后，两人开始互相关怀，因此本句意为“这只是两人之间的一种特别联系(connection)的开始”。25.A.ill B.fineC.poor D.lonely答案A解析根据第二段开头的“89-yea

101、r-old Gloria Porter was lying in hospital.She couldnt leave her ward.”可知，Porter生病了，故选ill。26.A.note B.messageC.letter D.memory答案B解析根据下文Reick用粉笔在梁上写下的“早日康复”可知，他决定传达给老人善意的信息(message)。27.A.door B.wallC.window D.entrance答案C解析上文提到Porter常凝视窗外，Reick在梁上写下的“早日康复”也应该是朝向Porter的窗户(window)的。28.A.precious B.impoli

102、teC.necessary D.sudden答案A解析句中“that”指代的是上文提到的Reick的善举。下文提到Porter也写下了对Reick的关心之词，可见Porter觉得Reick对自己的鼓励是“宝贵的”。29.A.record B.changeC.return D.remember答案C解析Porter认为Reick对自己的鼓励是宝贵的，因此她觉得自己应该回报(return)这份善意。30.A.puzzled B.annoyedC.interested D.concerned答案D解析上文提到建筑工人们在寒风中高空作业，Porter应是对他们的安全很担心(concerned)。31.

103、A.drew B.saidC.placed D.mentioned答案C解析Porter在纸上写下“注意安全”，并把这张纸贴在窗上。从句中“which”指代写了字的纸，因此用place表示“放置”。32.A.turned around B.looked aroundC.came down D.waited for答案A解析Reick正在工作，见到Porter写的字后应该是转身(turn around)提醒同事们朝窗口看。look around环顾；come down下降，倒下；wait for等待。33.A.found B.commentedC.deleted D.shared答案D解析医院员

104、工拍下了两人透过病房窗户交流的画面，并把照片分享(share)到了社交媒体上。34.A.succeeded B.spreadC.popularized D.happened答案B解析根据下文的“many people were employed in similar acts”可知，这些简单的善行流传(spread)开来。succeed达到目的，成功；popularize使受欢迎，推广；happen发生，出现。35.A.expensive B.cheapC.free D.terrible答案C解析一位女士给建筑工人们送来了免费的(free)比萨饼。36.A.satisfaction B.participationC.success D.trust答案B解析此处表示“我只想以身作则，并未料到会有这么多人参与(participation)”。37.A.apparently B.merelyC.especially D.willingly答案D解析如果每一个人都愿意(willingly)这样做，世界就会变得更美好。