2020浙江高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第二部分题型应对策略 第三讲　理解主旨要义——主旨大意题 WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家第三讲理解主旨要义主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度较大的一类题目，是拉开分数差距的一个重要考查点。因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。高考主旨大意题题量统计考纲解读年份浙江卷(1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。(2)它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的

2、推理、概括能力，难度较大。(3)有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义；有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。2019.62(标题归纳题；段落大意题)2018.111(标题归纳题)2018.61(标题归纳题)2017.111(文章大意题)2017.61(文章大意题)【考查特点】.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：(1)What would be the best title for the text？/What is the topic of the text?(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of

3、this passage is _(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _(4)What is mainly discussed in the text?(5)Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(7)The passage mainly focuses on _.掌握主旨大意

4、题的考查角度：(1)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。(2)主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意。标题归纳题概括凝练选标题该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上， 结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强(不改变原文的意义和感情色彩)；覆盖性强(能概括全文并体现文章的主旨)。常见的设问方式：The best title of the passage is _Which of the following is the best title of the passage?What would be the best title for the passa

5、ge?The most appropriate title of the passage is _典例(2019全国卷B)For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at AE Netwo

6、rks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of Chinainspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aest

7、hetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaign

8、s that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashionthey are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by Chinasome of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera

9、Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobsand beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are

10、 the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about Chinaits influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many

11、ways.”7What can be a suitable title for the text?AYoung Models Selling Dreams to the WorldBA Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkCDifferences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsDChinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends第一步读文章，概括文意文章以国外视角报道中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。第二步析选

12、项，斟酌判断A向世界推销梦想的年轻模特与文章内容不符无中生有，曲解文意B在纽约举办的一次中国艺术展本文提到了在纽约举办的一次中国艺术展，但这不是文章主要表达的内容以偏概全，主次不分C东西方美学的差异本文主要讲述的是中国引领国际时尚和设计发展，C项范围过大主题过大，范围太广D中国美学影响国际时尚的发展趋势此标题全面、精练地概括了文章内容涵盖性强，覆盖全文第三步对比选项，确定答案自主解答：D理解标题的三大特点，巧用三大方法确定文章标题一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1概括准确而又简短。2针对性标题外延正好与文章内容相符。3醒目能引发读者的阅读欲望。因此有必要掌握以下三大方法：1正面肯定法：在理解文章主

13、旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。2反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除不符选项。3研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。 文章大意题明确中心定选项主旨大意是作者在文章中所要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心思想，也是作者在文章中通过行文逻辑和各种细节来阐明的中心话题。常见的设问方式：Whats the main idea/point of the passage?The passage is mainly about _What is the text mainly about?The gener

14、al/main idea of the passage is about _典例(2018全国卷B)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbo

15、ur at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野)But gold was discovered ther

16、e in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30，000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rive

17、rs. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold, 4，000 got rich.

18、About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no inte

19、rest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and goto see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson Cityits present population is 762.27What i

20、s the text mainly about?AThe rise and fall of a city.BThe gold rush in Canada.CJourneys into the wilderness.DTourism in Dawson.第一步读文章，概括文意本文主要介绍了加拿大道森的历史、发展与现状。第二步析选项，斟酌判断A一个城市的兴衰本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰涵盖性强，覆盖全文B加拿大淘金热本文只在第二段提到了淘金热以偏概全，主次不分C荒野之旅本文没提到荒野之旅无中生有，曲解文意D道森的旅游业范围太小，不能涵盖道森的过去以偏概全，主次不分第三步对比选项，确定答案

21、自主解答：A在寻找和归纳一篇文章的主题句时，应做到以下几点：1关注文章的首段和符合主题句特点的句子，留意下文是否对其有解释和支撑作用；2快速通读文章主体部分的每一段，结合每一段的主题句，判断各个段落是否与文章开头和结尾的主题句形成呼应关系；3注意文章的末尾，看此处出现的主题句和文章开头的主题句是否呼应。如果文章的首句语言精练，且在中间被从多角度来说明或论证，又与尾段的句子相呼应，则这个句子是全文的主题句。此处，如果文章中出现了两种及以上的不同观点，则文章最后作者的观点为文章的主要观点。此时要注意表示转折含义的词语如but, yet, however, although, in spite of

22、, by contrast, on the contrary等，因为这些词语之后的内容往往是作者的观点，也是文章的主旨大意。此外，利用逆向法也可以很快地排除错误选项，选出正确答案。段落大意题分析结构细揣摩每一个文段都要围绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一定的规律性。一般有如下四种结构：1总分式。作者在段落开头概括主题，然后再按照一定的逻辑顺序展开段落；有时候，作者也会在开头先用一个引子导入主题，从而使主题句出现在第二句，但从整体上看，段落仍然是总分式结构。2分总式。除了总分式外，还有很多段落在开头通过举例子或论述层层推进，直到最后才得出段落的主题句，这种结构叫分总式

23、。分总式也是很常见的一种段落结构。3分总分式。一个段落也可以采用分总分的模式，往往在开头讲述一个具体的事例，通过事例得出一个结论，也就是这个段落的主题句，然后继续例证或拓展这个观点所包含的内容。4无主题句式。英语中也有少量的段落并没有主题句，犹如汉语中的散文一样，讲究用一个主题将表面互不相连的一些事例或者表述连接起来。段落虽然没有主题句，但读完整个段落，你仍能发现，这些表面不相连的内容却都指向了同一个主题，这些不明显的主题通过一些关键词或者相似结构表现出来。常见的设问方式：What does the author tell us in paragraph.?The main idea of t

24、he second paragraph probably is _The first paragraph is mainly about _Which of the following can best summarize para.1?典例(2019全国卷D片段)Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and t

25、he status seekers. The likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable

26、 behavior.33What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe classification of the popular.BThe characteristics of adolescents.CThe importance of interpersonal skills.DThe causes of dishonorable behavior.第一步读文章，概括段意本段介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。第二步析选项，斟酌判断A受欢迎人的分类A项是对本段内容的精练总结和概括涵盖性强，覆盖全文B青少年的特征本文没有涉及青少年

27、的特征，纯属无中生有无中生有，曲解文意C交际技能的重要性涉及交际技能，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主题以偏概全，主次不分D不光彩行为的原因涉及不光彩行为，但没有介绍其原因，不是本段的主题以偏概全，主次不分第三步对比选项，确定答案自主解答：A方法1：概括段落大意要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种

28、方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。(2019浙江卷6月C)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square m

29、iles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern Californ

30、ia the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with smal

31、l trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting

32、 or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things

33、as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply

34、available to trees during the dry season.【解题导语】文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。27What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe seriousness of bigtree loss in California.BThe increasing variety of California big trees.CThe distribution of big trees in California forests.DThe influence of farmin

35、g on big trees in California.A解析：段落大意题。根据文章第二段中“The number of trees.declined by 50 percent.more than 55 percent.75 percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A项。28Which of the following is wellintentioned but may be bad for big trees?AEcological studies of forests.BBanning woodcutting.CLimiting housin

36、g development.DFire control measures.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire pete with big trees for resources(资源)”可知，声势浩大的森林防火措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D项。29What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?AInadequate snowmelt.BA longer dry season.CA warmer clima

37、te.DDampness of the air.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since the 1930s，McIntyre said.have been rising temperatures.reduces the water supply”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C项。30What can be a suitable title for the text?ACalifornias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibi

38、ted in California SoonCWhy Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?DPatrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in CaliforniaA解析：标题判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。找主题句的五个小窍门1段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题

39、句。2首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。3作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容可能是主题句。5表示总结或结论的词语常有therefore, in short等。A(2019宁波十校联考)As parents, we walk a fine line between caring for our children and teaching them how to care for themselves. When theyre little, they need our help wi

40、th everything. Over time, kids usually take the lead on things like feeding and dressing themselves, but it can be difficult to know when its time for them to start doing some basic things, such as packing their own lunches for school or solving problems with teachers without a parents help.Blogger

41、Amy Carney recently shared a post about the things parents should stop doing for their teens. In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects her kids to master by the time they hit 13, such as waking themselves up in the morning, making their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing their own

42、homework.Barb Harvey, a childhood behavior expert, gave me her answer：The age at which children learn to master certain skills will be different depending upon the maturity(成熟) and interest level of the child.I asked the same question among my friends. They gave all kinds of answers, which can expla

43、in Harveys opinion.Therefore, theres only one expert who can determine when your kids have the ability to deal with certain skills, and thats you. If your kids arent ready to pack their own lunchesdont sweat it. Help them learn the skills theyre ready to deal with and keep working towards the end go

44、al of raising responsible and able adults. Because if theres one thing that we can all agree on as parents, its that time moves quickly when youre raising kids. One day you will wish they could just do things without you and the next day, you will feel upset that they do.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了父母和孩子成长

45、的关系。1What is Amy Carneys expectation when her children are 13?ATo be a skillful cook.BTo follow Harveys opinion.CTo be an expert.DTo have basic skills.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects her kids to master by the time they hit 13, such as waking themselves up in

46、 the morning, making their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing their own homework.”可知，Amy Carney期望自己的孩子们在13岁时可以掌握一些基本技能。故选D。2Who can decide when the children will learn to care for themselves?AAmy Carney.BBarb Harvey.CThe children. DThe parents.D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Therefore, theres only one exper

47、t who can determine when your kids have the ability to deal with certain skills, and thats you.”可知，孩子们什么时候可以照顾自己取决于父母。故选D。3Why will parents feel upset when their children grow up?ATheir kids can do nothing.BThey feel less important.CTheir children become able adults.DTheir kids disagree on anything.

48、B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“One day you will wish they could just do things without you and the next day, you will feel upset that they do.”和对第一段的整体理解可推知，当孩子们长大了，真的可以自己做自己的事情时，父母会觉得失落是因为父母觉得孩子们不再需要自己了，自己对他们来讲没有那么重要了。故选B。4What does the text mainly talk about?AWalking a fine line.BBlogger Amy Carney.CParents

49、 and their childrens growth.DA childhood behavior expert.C解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“As parents, we walk a fine line between caring for our children and teaching them how to care for themselves.”点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述的是父母和孩子成长的关系。故选C。长难句分析In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects her kids to ma

50、ster by the time they hit 13, such as waking themselves up in the morning, making their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing their own homework.(第二段第二句)分析：本句是一个复合句。句中that she expects her kids to master是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the basic skills。译文：在这篇文章里，Carney分享了一些她期望她的孩子们到他们13岁时应该掌握的一些基本技能，譬如早上自己醒来，自己做早餐

51、和午餐，自己完成家庭作业。B(2019绍兴诊断性考试)I recently spent a day clearing out my late mothers wardrobe. It has been two years since she died so it was time to move on. There were four wardrobes and two chests of drawers10 black bags full of clothes for charity, and seven large boxes of other pieces that I will wea

52、r myself, give to family and friends and sell to raise money for Kidney Research.What struck me as I sorted through the rails was first, what consistent taste my mother hadlots of black, lots of layersand second, how she never threw anything away. She didnt buy clothes excessively, rather accumulate

53、d them over a lifetime. And every piece she bought, whether it was from St Michael(a luxury brand), H&M or Helmut Lang(fastfashion brands), she treated as equals. A vintage kimono, a coat she made in the 80s from a Kenzo Vogue dressmaking pattern, the smart black jacket ordered from Asos(an online s

54、hop), or the 40yearold oversized Tshirt from Miss Selfridge was all perfectly kept, carefully hung up or folded, buttons all in one piece, not a stitch out of place. She did not differentiate between highstreet bargains and Sunday best. She cherished all her clothes, whatever the price tag.So, when

55、Dr. Mark Sumner, a lecturer in fashion and sustainability at the University of Leeds, told MPs at the environmental audit committees investigation into the sustainability of the factfashion industry that highstreet clothes can be more durable than fastfashion ones, it rang true to me. “Theres no cor

56、relation to say that price will give you an indication to say which product will wear out，” he said.Some fast fashion is cheap and nasty and will fall apart after a few washes. The same can be true of designer clothing. It is a misconception that expensive in any way equates to sustainable, or, as D

57、r.Sumner says, durable(though its worth remembering that cheap clothes often mean labor exploitation). As my mothers wardrobe testifies, if you have a good eye for clothes that are stylish rather than fashionable, choose carefully: look for the bestquality fabrics you can afford, and treat the cloth

58、es you buy with the utmost respect, care and love. Your clotheswhatever the price tagwill repay you with years of service.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在收拾已故母亲的衣服时，发现母亲的衣服保存得非常好，很耐穿，但这些衣服并不是时尚的衣服，后来作者想要通过Dr. Mark Sumner的话和自己的感悟告诉大家：昂贵的衣服不等于耐穿的衣服。5What do we know about the writers late mother?AShe was only fond

59、 of designer clothes.BShe liked collecting fashionable clothes.CShe had preference for black.DShe often bought clothes online.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“what consistent taste my mother hadlots of black”可知，作者的母亲喜欢黑色。故选C。6How will the writer treat her late mothers clothes?AShe will donate them all to a char

60、ity.BShe will keep some for her own use.CShe will sell them to fund research.DShe will give them all to her friends.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“and seven large boxes of other pieces that I will wear myself, give to family and friends and sell to raise money for Kidney Research”可知，作者会留一些自己穿。故选B。7What does the

61、author intend to prove in the last two paragraphs?AExpensive clothes dont mean longlasting clothes.BExpensive clothes arent easily wornout clothes.CExpensive clothes dont involve labor exploitation.DExpensive clothes mean a good eye for fashion.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容尤其是最后一段第三句“It is a misconception that

62、 expensive in any way equates to sustainable, or, as Dr. Sumner says, durable(though its worth remembering that cheap clothes often mean labor exploitation)”可推知，作者想要证明的是昂贵的衣服不一定耐穿。故选A。8What can be a suitable title for the text?ACan Cheap Clothes Be Stylish?BCan Price Tag Indicate Fashion?CCan Fast F

63、ashion Be Sustainable?DCan Designer Clothing Sell More?C解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者在收拾已故母亲的衣服时，发现母亲的衣服保存得非常好，很耐穿，但这些衣服并不是时尚的衣服，然后作者通过Dr.Mark Sumner的话和自己的感悟想要告诉大家：昂贵的衣服不等于耐穿的衣服。故选C。长难句分析“Theres no correlation to say that price will give you an indication to say which product will wear out，” he said.(第三段最后一句)分

64、析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句是there be 句型，动词不定式作后置定语；that引导宾语从句；which引导宾语从句。译文：他说：“这并不是说价格会告诉你哪种产品会容易磨损。”主旨大意题标题归纳题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019浙江五校联考)Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate even

65、ts. However, there was also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many humaninterest stories during my career. Thats why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the buildin

66、g for two days, they didnt sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.The floo

67、d water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4，200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner ma

68、naged to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take p

69、ositive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。1What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?AThey volunteered to make bread for the

70、ir community.BThey managed to live by selling more bread in the store.CThey felt sorry that they couldnt escape from the store.DThey ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decide

71、d to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.”可知，当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时，四人决定为他们的社区烤尽可能多的面包。故选A项。2Which of the following best explains “forlorn” underlined in the last paragraph?AFortunate.BHopeful.CShallow. DDesperate.D解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Instead, we should take positive action t

72、o save ourselves and help others.”可知，相反，我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。由Instead可知，forlorn的意思与positive相反，故forlorn与desperate(绝望的)意思相近。故选D项。3What can we infer from the text?AAlvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.BHurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.CThe staff in the bakery sent enough

73、 flour to emergency centers.DThe author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.”可知，他们利用应急电源烤面包。由此可推知，哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电。故选B项。4What can be the best title for the text?AA Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in Ho

74、ustonBWait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big DisasterCAll Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in HoustonDBake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane HarveyD解析：标题归纳题。根据第二三段的内容和最后一段中的“Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”可知，D项(在面对哈维飓风时，烤面包起了很大作用)作为标题最能概括全文内容。故选D项。BEve

75、ry year between May and September, all 54 employees of Basecamp, a Chicagobased web application company, have a short work week: just four daysa total of 32 hours. Also, they usually work five days a week for the rest of the year.“Thats plenty of time to get great work done. This is all we expect an

76、d all we want from people，” says Jason Fried, a cofounder. “Working 50， 60， or 70plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50， 60， or 70plus hours a week, theres a management problem.”The companys summer workload must fit reduced hours, Mr.Fried insists, otherwise the benefits of a sho

77、rter weekto recover from work, enjoy time with family and pursue(追求) outside interestswould be undone.His new research finds that it is not just long hours that are harmful to employees physical and mental health. It is also the intensity(强度) of work. Moreover, it suggests that intense work harms ca

78、reer prospects. That is because unbearable hours and intensity are in the opposite direction, reducing the quality of the work.The research concludes that the level of intensity we apply to the work we do is generally “a stronger predictor of unfavorable outcomes than overtime work”The research comp

79、ared people of similar jobs and education levels, and found they were more likely to suffer poorer happiness and worse career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when they worked at an intense level for long periods.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工将近半年时间每周只工作4天

80、，共32小时的情况为例说明了较短的工作周有益于人们的身心健康，并以一项研究来证明。5What do we know about Basecamps fourday work week?AIt lasts nearly half a year.BThe work pressure is too high.CThere are some management problems.DEmployees work more than 8 hours a day.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工在每年5月到9月期间每周的工作时间都很短：只有四

81、天，共32小时，持续5个月，大概半年时间。故选A项。6What does Mr.Fried intend to say in paragraph 2?AGiven plenty of time, people can do more.BTo get work done well needs plenty of time.CPeople can do a job very well in a short work week.DA long work week is appropriate for reduced workload.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Working 50， 60，

82、 or 70plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50， 60， or 70plus hours a week, theres a management problem.”可知，弗里德先生认为一周工作五六十个小时，甚至七十几个小时是没有必要的。如果真这么做了，反而会出现管理上的问题，由此推知，弗里德先生认为人们可以在短时间内把工作做好，故选C项。7What does the research mentioned in the text want to tell us?AGetting much more rest.BIm

83、proving work quality.CRefusing a fiveday work week.DAvoiding working too intensely.D解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的the research可定位到第四至六段。通读这几段，尤其是第四段可知，这个新研究发现长时间工作不只对员工的身心健康有害，工作的强度也会影响员工的职业前景。这是因为难以忍受的工作时长和工作强度会降低工作质量。第五六段进一步说明了长时间高强度工作的坏处。由此可以推知，该研究是建议人们要避免高强度工作，故选D项。8What can be the best title for this passage?

84、AMore Work, More ProfitsBLess Work, Less BenefitsCShorter Week, Better RewardDLonger Hours, Higher IntensityC解析：标题归纳题。本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp为例，说明了较短的工作周的好处。除此之外，还介绍了一项有关工作时长和工作强度对人的影响的研究，由此更进一步印证了较短工作周对人身心方面的益处。因此C项最能概括全文内容。CIts common knowledge that some countries have higher life expectancies

85、 than others, but the city you live in can also affect your health.Some cities are hard on their residents. In places with poor city planning, for example Lagos, which was called out recently by the Economist Intelligence Unit, public spaces are few, making outdoor activities hard. Lack of infrastru

86、cture(基础设施) blocks the streets with cars and the air with pollutants, and residents work long hours for little money.These are just some of the factors added up by Spotahome, a rental agency. Theyve analyzed data from a range of sources, including the World Health Organization, TripAdvisor and the C

87、IA World Factbook to score each city on health, gym availability and quality, life expectancies, obesity, green space and other elements to make a list to work out which are the worlds healthiest cities.The list is certainly Eurocentric and sunshine is seen as a positive factor. It does go some way

88、toward suggesting which cities are getting it right in providing a good life for their residents. It may not be surprising to learn that most of the healthiest cities are in northern Europe, known for its peoplefirst approach to city planning. The cities of Australia and Canada also do well. However

89、, the first American city is only in 34th place. The UK. doesnt fare too well eitherits only city in the top 50 list is London, in 40th. Whether youre planning a wholesome holiday, or simply wondering what your city can do better in its quest for happy citizens, the list of the 50 healthiest cities

90、will give you pause for thought about the future of city planning. Here are the slender, healthyeating, cleanaired cities that are getting it right.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者们通过调查发现城市建设会影响居民的健康。通过分析健康、绿化、预期寿命等因素，研究者们还列出了一个世界上最健康的城市的清单。9What plays the key role in building a healthy city according to t

91、he text?ALocal culture.BCity planning.CEconomic condition.DGeographical position.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，大家都知道一些国家比其他国家拥有更高的预期寿命，但是人们居住的地市也会影响人们的健康，即城市规划在创建一个健康城市方面扮演着一个很重要的角色，故选B项。10What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?AHow the list of the healthiest cities came into being.BWhat Spotahome discovered i

92、n the recent study.CThe reasons why Spotahome carried out the study.DThe places where the data of the study came from.A解析：段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了研究者们通过从各种来源中分析数据，然后根据健康、体育设备的利用率和质量、预期寿命、肥胖指数、绿化方面和其他的一些因素对每个城市进行打分来制订清单并列出世界上最健康的城市。由此可知，本段主要介绍了这份最健康城市的清单是怎样形成的，故选A项。11What can we learn from the text?ACities in

93、America lack enough sunshine.BThe UK. ranked higher than America in the list.CAustralia and Canada have the best city planning.DSome people in Lagos may live a poor life.D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Lack of infrastructure(基础设施) blocks the streets with cars and the air with pollutants, and residents work long h

94、ours for little money.”可知，在拉各斯，一些居民可能过着贫穷的生活，故选D项。12What may be the best title for the text?AThe Best Places to Have a Rich Life BThe Happiest Lifestyle in the WorldCThe City Factors Affecting Your HealthDThe Nice Countries to Keep HealthyC解析：标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了城市建设对居民健康的影响，故选C项。主旨大意题文章大意题(建议用时：25分

95、钟)A(2019浙江部分重点中学联考)Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.Her teacher,

96、 Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisillas mom were concerned, but their ideas didnt work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said. “However, it wasnt s

97、inking in.”Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her haira scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “Ive never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan.

98、 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.The class loved their teachers new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms. Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for

99、herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school districts Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.Prisillas mot

100、her, Maria, said that Grimms thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldnt believe itshe did something I wouldnt have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。1Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?AShe wasnt satisfied w

101、ith her teacher.BShe couldnt concentrate in class.CShe was laughed at by her classmates.DShe couldnt get on well with others.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。2What made

102、Grimm have her own hair cut?APraise from her students.BDevotion to her students.CRequest of Prisillas mother.DSuggestion from the hairstylist.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla.she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对

103、学生的关爱才剪短了头发。3What can we know about Grimm?AShe had her hair cut together with Prisilla.BShe expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.CShe hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.DShe won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Ive never had short hair, and I stressed abo

104、ut it for two weeks before making a decision， she said.”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。4What is the text mainly about?AHow Grimm helped her student out.BWhat problem Prisilla had at school.CWhy Prisilla won the Month Award.DWhen Grimm got her new hairstyle.A解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师

105、为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发，故A项正确。长难句分析I couldnt believe itshe did something I wouldnt have the bravery to do.(最后一段第四句)分析：句中“I wouldnt have the bravery to do”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。译文：她做了连我都没有勇气去做的事儿，我难以相信。BThomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learn

106、ed that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read socia

107、l media posts from his Chinesespeaking friends. While its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.Many ex

108、perts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议

109、会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “Were seeing it in all parts of the country.”Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important needs” language an

110、d provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius In

111、stitutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.【解题

112、导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。5Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?AMandarin was easier to learn than Latin.BMandarin could be helpful to his future career.CMandarin might help him learn more about China.DMandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.B解析：细节理

113、解题。根据第三段第二句“While its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas希望中国普通话能够对他今后职业发展的道路有所帮助。故选B。6The underlined word “edge” in paragraph 4 probably means “_”Aa slight advantageBthe outside limitC

114、a sharp tone of voice Dan exciting qualityA解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，许多专家同意熟练掌握一种被全球10亿人说的语言将会给美国学生在全球经济方面带来优势。故选A。7Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?AMandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.BThose skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.C

115、The US governments policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.DAmericans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an important needs language and provides professional development programs for t

116、eachers.”可知美国政府对于中国普通话的重视，将中国普通话归类为“重要需求”并为教师提供职业培训项目，促使更多的学生学习中国普通话。故选C。8What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?AThe rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.BThe great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.CThe influence of Chinas growing power on America

117、n education.DThe effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.A解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者主要介绍了美国学生学习中国普通话的热情升温的现象，并分析出现该现象的背景和原因。故选A。长难句分析While its a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.(第

118、三段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the high school junior；句中“it will be important for his career”是省略了that的宾语从句，作及物动词think 的宾语。译文：尽管对于这个计划学习计算机工程的高中三年级学生来讲，这是门很难掌握的语言，但是他认为这对他的职业来讲将会是重要的。CAre you a procrastinator(拖延者)? Its a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous

119、 research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower wellbeing, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.Psychologists think that each person beli

120、eves that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine ex

121、actly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadnt started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.Thinking about events in this_way meant that something like a friends wedding seemed 16.3 days so

122、oner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participan

123、ts imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.So if you think of your life in days instead of yea

124、rs, you may get things done quicker.【解题导语】本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。9What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?ATo work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.BTo find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.CTo discover procrastinators are more likely

125、 to have a lower sense of wellbeing.DTo prove its helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.D解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。10The underlined part “this way” in paragraph 4 refers to “_”Asetting up tough deadlinesBfollowing s

126、chedules strictlyCcounting in smaller units of timeDimagining how your future self will feelC解析：推理判断题。承接第三段最后一句“They made Present Me think about a faroff event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。11What helps prevent people from procrastinating?AComparing their futu

127、re selves with present selves.BConsidering their current selves needs and desires.CThinking about faroff events in days rather than years.DMarking important events on a calendar as a reminder.C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quic

128、ker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C。12What does the passage mainly talk about?AA way to get things done in time.BThe harmful effects of procrastination.CThe reason to overlook future needs and desires.DThe way to reduce stress and improve happiness.A解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found

129、 a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。长难句分析The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years.(第五段第一句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。w

130、hether引导宾语从句，作find out的宾语；if引导条件状语从句；“a certain event was happening in several days rather than years”是省略了that的宾语从句，作told的宾语。译文：研究人员也试图弄清楚如果人们被告知某事将在几天后而不是几年后发生，他们是否会更快采取行动。主旨大意题段落大意题(建议用时：25分钟)A(2019嘉兴高中学科基础测试)I read a newspaper article about a new concept. The idea is simple, but revolutionary(革命性

131、的): combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents(住户) eat lunch together and share activities such as music, painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading stories to the children and, if a child is fee

132、ling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on and a hug.Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time to care for ageing relations, and smaller flats with

133、no room for grandparents. But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children. Its a major problem in many societies.Thats why intergenerational(代际的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples

134、 of successful actions all over the world. Using young people to teach IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Using old people as volunteer assistants in schools is another. One successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight. The young people

135、 help with practical things such as writing letters, reading bank statements and helping with shopping, and the older people can pass on their knowledge and experience to their young visitors. For example, a retired judge may be paired with a teenager who wants to study law.But it isnt only the indi

136、viduals concerned who gain from intergenerational activities. The advantages to society are huge too. If older people can understand and accept the youth of today, there will be less conflict in a community. And we can use the strengths of one generation to help another. Then perhaps getting old won

137、t be so sad after all.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。如今老年人和青少年之间的联系越来越少，这是一个很严重的问题，因此以为老年人和青少年创造联系的桥梁代际计划越来越受欢迎。1Why does the author mention the newspaper article he read?ATo argue for a new concept.BTo show his interest in the topic.CTo introduce the topic of the text.DTo draw our attention to a social problem.C解析

138、：写作意图题。根据第一段第二句“The idea is simple, but revolutionary(革命性的): combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.”可知，作者在报纸上读到的那篇文章主张将养老院和幼儿园结合起来，将它们建在一起；再根据后面作者所讲述的内容可判断出，作者之所以提到那篇文章是为了引出要讲的话题。故正确答案为C。2What is the purpose of the intergenerational programs?ATo prov

139、ide a good job opportunity for the young.BTo bring the old and the young together.CTo teach the young to respect the old.DTo ask the old to care for the young.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with c

140、hildren. Its a major problem in many societies.”和第三段第一句“Thats why intergenerational(代际的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world.”可知，目前没有祖父母照顾的孩子的数量以及没有机会和孩子联系的老人的数量都在增加，这是一个很大的问题，而代际计划就是为了解决这一问题的。由此可判断出代际计划的目的是使老人和孩子生活在一起。故正确答案为B。3What is paragraph 3 mainly about?AThe reasons why inte

141、rgenerational programs enjoy popularity in the world.BThe intergenerational programs benefits to individuals.CThe intergenerational programs all over the world.DThe examples of intergenerational activities.D解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可判断出，本段主要介绍的是一些代际活动的例子。故正确答案为D。4What may be the best title for the text?ABuil

142、ding Bridges for the Old and the YoungBA New Concept in Caring for the Old Is BornCOffering a Warm Home for the YoungDBeing Old Is No More SadA解析：标题归纳题。通过全文可知，本文主要讲述的是：如今老年人和青少年之间的联系越来越少，这是一个很严重的问题，因此以为老年人和青少年创造联系的桥梁代际计划越来越受欢迎。A项体现了本文的核心，适合用作本文的标题。故正确答案为A。长难句分析One successful scheme in London pairs y

143、oung volunteers with old people who are losing their sight.(第三段第五句)分析：本句是一个复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词old people。译文：伦敦的一项成功的方案是将年轻的志愿者与视力渐失的老年人配对组合。BWorld Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection

144、and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the

145、 United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas

146、on the table concerning the environment.The 2018 World Environment Day is hosted by India, and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution. It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of al

147、l of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet an

148、d battling pollution.World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you wont be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take actio

149、n for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife con

150、servation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，并呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。5Why is World Environment Day set up?ATo make people know more about nature.BTo ask people to help to protect the globe.CTo warn people of the danger of air pollutio

151、n.DTo encourage people to plan the earths future.B解析：细节理解题。从第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可以看出，世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并多学会些方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全。故选B。6What do peopl

152、e do on World Environment Day?ADecide a host city.BHold a theme party.CDiscuss environmental ideas.DShow some plastic products.C解析：细节理解题。从第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come toge

153、ther to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可以看出，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题。7Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in paragraph 3?AHighcost.BPoorquality.CSecondhand. DSingleuse.D解析：词义猜测题。从第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可以看出，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”

154、，再结合画线词前面的“It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which makes up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D项。8Whats the main idea of the last paragraph?AEvery bit of effort counts.BDoing is better than saying.CMany h

155、ands make light work.DNothing is impossible to a willing heart.A解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它？所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A项。Doing is better than saying“行胜于言”；Many hands make light work“众人拾柴火焰高”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart“有志者事竟成”。长难

156、句分析Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness.(第二段第二句)分析：本文是一个主从复合句。where引导一个定语从句，修饰a host city，在这个定语从句中又有一个

157、who引导的定语从句，followed by是过去分词短语作伴随状语。译文：每年联合国都会选择一个主题和主办城市，在那里任何关心环境的人都可以与别人谈论环境话题，之后还有不同种类的展品展出以提高(人们的)环境意识。CAt the age of seven, while his friends were spending their allowance on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases. To try to get his peers(同龄人

158、) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.Set up in 2012, the bank is the worlds first bank for kids. To become a member, a kid has to bring

159、in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.Th

160、e waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies, which, thanks to Joses efforts, pay a higherthanmarket rate for everything brought in by the bank members. The money received is placed in the personal account where they collect until the savings goal is reached. The account holder can then

161、withdraw the money, or choose to leave it and make it continue to grow for a bigger target. “At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，” Jose recalls. “They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present.

162、Luckily, I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”The boys efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the ecobank, which now has the support of several local institutions, boasts ten educational cen

163、ters. They are designed to teach over 3，000 students, aged 10 to 18, to become financially independent, use their money wisely, and help the environment.Not surprisingly, Joses efforts have earned him several national and international awards. On November 20, 2018, Jose won Childrens Climate Prize,

164、which comes with a medal and $ 5，500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。当其他的孩子把零花钱花在糖果和玩具上时，七岁的Jose却想着如何储蓄。在校长的支持下，他成立了学生生态银行，让学生带废品开户，之后将废品销售给收购商。该银行受到了孩子们的欢迎。9Why did Jose set up the bank?A

165、To raise money and set up a recycling company.BTo buy necessities and donate them to needy kids.CTo save much money and protect the environment.DTo educate the students and help them win prizes.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of

166、 an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.”可知，为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行的点子，这个银行能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。据此可知，Jose创立生态银行旨在储蓄的同时保护环境，故C项正确。10How can a kid be admitted to the ecobank?ABy donating

167、 to the ecobank.BBy turning in one kilogram of waste in a month.CBy sending in an application.DBy presenting a savings goal and a certain amount of waste.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal.”可知，若要成为生态银行的一员，一个孩子必须至少上交

168、5千克的固体垃圾，并设定一个储蓄目标，故D项正确。11How did the teachers feel about Joses program?ADoubtful.BExcited.CMoved. DWorried.A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，Jose recalls.”可知，开始时老师们认为Jose疯了，认为一个孩子不能承担这种类型的项目。据此可推知，老师们对Jose的

169、项目持怀疑态度，故A项正确。12What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AHow the environment is improved.BWhat the project has achieved.CHow tons of waste has been recycled.DWhat support the local institutions get.B解析：段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“The boys efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one

170、ton of recyclable waste.”可知，Jose的努力得到了回报，到2013年，该银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾；并结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要介绍了生态银行的成就，故B项正确。长难句分析To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an ecobank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially indepen

171、dent while also helping the environment.(第一段第二句)分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词the Bartselana Student Bank，在从句中作主语；句中动词不定式短语“To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same”作目的状语。译文：为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行Bartselana学生银行的点子，这个银行能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。- 29 - 版权所有高考资源网