2019年英语新同步人教必修五讲义：UNIT 3 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR—过去分词作状语 WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section_Grammar_过去分词作状语语法图解探究发现1Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Given better attention, the trees could grow better.Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.2Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. B

2、ecause I was hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, and was absorbed by its efficiency.3When offered help, one often says “Thank you” or “Its kind of you.”The research

3、 is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.我的发现(1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。(2)第一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中作：原因状语；条件状语；伴随情况或方式状语。(3)比较第二组句子可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。(4)从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或让步的状语，可用“从属连词过去分词”结构。可用于该结构中的从属连词有：when, once, while, if, unless, as if, a

4、s, than, though, although等。一、过去分词作状语的类型过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。1作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有

5、意义。2作原因状语相当于原因状语从句或并列句。Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.(2015天津高考单选) Because John was absorbed in painting, he didnt notice evening approaching. John was absorbed in painting, so he didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3作条件状语相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状

6、语从句。Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。4作让步状语相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether . or等连词转换成让步状语从句。Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope. Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望。5作方式、伴

7、随状语相当于and连接的并列句。She accepted the gift, deeply moved. She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved.她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。名师点津值得注意的是，有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost (迷路)；seated (坐)；hidden (躲)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in (穿着)；tired of (厌烦)。Lost in thought, he didnt hear th

8、e bell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2017全国卷改编)Developed (develop) by two doctors in the US. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector.(2015重庆高考改编)Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.(2014湖南高考改编)Children, when a

9、ccompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.Translated (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.(2)句型转换When it is seen from th

10、e top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Seen_from_the_top_of_the_hill,_the_town_looks_more_beautiful.Because they were deeply moved by the film, the children began to cry.Deeply_moved_by_the_film,_the_children_began_to_cry.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Given_more_ti

11、me,_we_could_do_it_much_better.The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers.The_president_of_the_company_came_to_the_factory,_followed_by_some_workers.二、过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Told that

12、his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.(方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词的独立结构作状语过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构在句中作状语时，通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are gene

13、rally troubled by health problems.(2015江苏高考单选)很多时间都坐在办公桌旁，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。即时演练2用独立主格结构作状语改写句子After the lecture was given, a lively questionandanswer session followed.The_lecture_given,_a lively questionandanswer session followed.The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to

14、foreign countries.The factory produced many famous cars, none_of_them_shipped_to_foreign_countries.Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy.Extra_money_given_to_the_poor,_he felt very happy.四、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。助记分词作状语记忆口诀分词作

15、状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed。Used for a long time, the book looks old.(动宾关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。Using the book, I find it very useful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。名师点津无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。If caught, the police will punish the thief.()If caught, the thief

16、 will be punished by the police.()If the thief is caught, the police will punish the thief.()即时演练3用所给词的适当形式填空When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.Where is Jimmy?Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, absorbed (absorb) in his video games

17、.单句语法填空1(2017全国卷改编)Founded (found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. 2Designed (design) very cleverly to fit into corners, the shelf doesnt take up much room.3The new technology, if applied (apply) to rice growing, will help increase t

18、he grain output.4Considered (consider) as a building material, wood is not very strong.5Given (give) another 10 days, we are sure to complete repairing the machine.6Filled (fill) with shame, the boy lowered his head, ready for the punishment from his dad.7When first introduced (introduce) to the mar

19、ket, these new products in their company enjoyed a great success.8Located (locate) in the central district, the hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.9Surrounded (surround) by a river, the park had a central pond with flowers floating in it.10Disappointed (disappoint) at failing in the

20、 math exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.单句写作1Once_lost,_such a chance might never come again.一旦失去，这样的机会可能永远不会再来了。2Grown_in_rich_soil,_these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。3Edited_by_three_language_experts,_the dictionary has been popular with readers ever since it cam

21、e out two years ago. 由于被三位语言专家编辑，这本字典自从两年前上市以来就一直受到读者欢迎。4Bathed_in_the_sunshine,_we jumped and cheered with joy. 沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。5Offered_an_important_role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.由于别人给他提供了一部新电影里的重要角色，安迪有机会出名了。6There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons

22、develop a better memory compared_with_those who have no musical training.这里有明显的证据，与那些没受过音乐训练的孩子相比，上音乐课的孩子有更好的记忆力。7When exposed_to_stress,_in whatever form, all of us react both mentally and physically.当暴露在压力之下时，不管以什么形式，我们所有的人都会从精神和身体上作出反应。8Devoted_to_his_science_research,_he has enjoyed fame all ove

23、r the world.由于献身于科学研究事业，他在全世界享有盛名。.语法填空 Farming was once the main way of life in nearly every country. People cannot live _1_ food, and nearly all their food comes from crops and animals _2_ (raise) on farms. Many other materials also come from plants and animals. Now not many people farm for a livi

24、ng any more, but farming _3_ (be) also the most important work in the world.Before _4_ nineteenth century, the typical American family lived on a small farm. They raised pigs, cattle and sheep, and planted corn, fruits and wheat. Everyone worked long and hard, but they hardly got enough food for _5_

25、 (they). This situation began to change during the last half of the 1800s and it changed _6_ (great) in these years. _7_ (support) by some scientific methods and laborsaving machines, the production of some major crops has increased.Now farming has become _8_ (important) as a way of life than ever before. Todays successful farmers are not only good at agriculture _9_ at marketing and finance as well. If farmers only know how to grow crops, their farms will have great difficulty _10_ (survive)答案：1.without2.raised3.is4.the5.themselves6.greatly7.Supported8.less important9.but10.surviving