2020届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练十九 七选五之代词指代型（WORD版含答案）.docx

1、疯狂专练十九七选五之代词指代型基础题一、【2019-2020学年湖北省部分重点中学高三上学期零模】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. Given that its so easy to take up the sport, a lot of beginners jump right into running without actually knowing what it takes to establ

2、ish a healthy routine. 1 . If you are just starting out, avoid the following things to help you increase your chances of running success.Doing too much too soonOne of the biggest mistakes beginners make is doing too much too soon. Picking up a new hobby like running is no doubt exciting. Runners nee

3、d to ease into the sport before increasing the distance. 2 . 3 Beginners might think they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldnt be further from the truth. 4 , especially for beginners whose muscles and bones havent yet been conditioned for such int

4、ense(剧烈的) exercise. So its important to give your body ample rest between workouts. Follow a training plan that includes rest days.Comparing yourself to others 4 , youre excited about running, so you are probably reading running blogs, magazines and message boards where you might start to feel inade

5、quate about your own running pace. Instead of getting down on yourself, remember that every runner was once a beginner and use their success as motivation!A. Not running every dayB. Not taking rest daysC. Running is a demanding activity which can be really hard on your bodyD. As mentioned, a healthy

6、 routine is what they attach importance toE. When starting out with running, its tough not to compare yourself to othersF. Many make a number of common mistakes, which can interfere(干扰) with training or lead to injuryG. It will help reduce the risk of injury, so you can continue with your new runnin

7、g routine易错题一、【2020届吉林省梅河口市第五中学等校高三上学期8月联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The history of writing instruments, with which humans have recorded and conveyed thoughts and feelings, is the history of civilization itself. This is how we know about our ancestors and their life.The handy sharpene

8、d-stone was adapted into the first writing instrument. Around 24,000 BC, the cave man started drawing pictures with the stone onto the walls of his cave. 1 Walls at the Apollo site in Namibia are believed to be the oldest rock paintings to date.Before paper came along, people used clay or wax tablet

9、s on which they wrote with sharp objects such as metal sticks or bones. Around 6000 years ago, the Egyptians invented the first paperlike material called papyrus. The word “paper” actually comes from the word “papyrus”. 2 Bones or metal sticks were no longer useful as the papyrus could not be scratc

10、hed. So the Egyptians created a reed-pen perfect for the papyrus. 3 And thus, ancient Egyptians transformed bamboo stems(茎) into an early form of a fountain pen.Another writing instrument that remained active in history for a long period was the quill(鹅毛) pen. Introduced around 700 AD, the quill was

11、 a pen made from a bird feather. Goose feathers were most common. 4 For making fine line drawings, crow feathers were the best.When writers had better inks and paper and handwriting had developed into both an art form and an everyday occurrence, mans inventive nature once again turned to improving t

12、he writing instrument. 5 A. Now something was needed to write upon the papyrus.B. The papyrus became the most popular material at that time.C. Swan feathers were of a high quality, being rare and most expensive.D. Bamboo stems were better and much more expensive than goose feathers.E. This led to th

13、e development of the modern fountain pen in the 19th century.F. These were mostly the stems of grasses, especially from the bamboo plant.G. These drawings showed events in daily life like the planting of crops or hunting victories.二、【2020届安徽省皖江名校联盟高三第一次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Hav

14、e you ever been bored and decided to check social media, only to find out that your best friend is at Disneyland, that one of your classmates is eating delicious pizza at your favorite pizza store, and that one of your soccer teammates is climbing the Eiffel Tower in Paris? Have you ever had that fe

15、eling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are? Oh, man! Youre missing out! 1 Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FoMO. 2 Its so easy today to see what your friends are doing from the social media. Unluckily, we only have so much time in the day an

16、d only so much money to spend on food or entertainment. It would be impossible for us to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media.Rather than realizing this basic truth, though, we usually let FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social media. 3 W

17、hy? We know all the sides of our livesboth good and bad, but all we see on social media are the pictureperfect moments others share. 4 FoMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to addiction and a negative cycle that can be hard to break. Researchers have found that social media and F

18、oMO can cause serious negative results, including feeling of depression, loneliness and boredom. 5 Researchers advise that we stop looking to social media for happiness. Instead, we should focus our attention on our real lives, including the people around us and all the things were grateful for.A. H

19、ave you ever experienced FoMO?B. At least thats what you might think.C. This certainly leaves us feeling dissatisfied.D. So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO?E. Over 75% of young people report feeling FoMO from time to time.F. As famous Theodore Roosevelt said, “Comparison is the thief of joy

20、”.G. If you let FoMO control you, the only thing youll really be missing out on is your own life.高考题一、【2019全国卷I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. 1 According to recent studies, the answe

21、r is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. 2 If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing

22、 even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 3 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce str

23、ess, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood(情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 4 It gives us a great feeling of peace. 5 While the suns rays can

24、 age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skinput on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vita

25、min D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.G. All a

26、cross the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.二、【2019全国卷II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and go

27、al setting are the two sides of same coin. 1 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. 2 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only

28、 then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 3 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clari

29、ty(清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 4 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while set

30、ting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 5 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, som

31、e planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A. This can affect your work.B. So how should you motivate yourself?C. However, this should not discourage you.D. So why should we try to

32、 set specific goals?E. They can change according to circumstances.F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it.模拟题一、【2020届辽宁省六校协作体高三上学期开学考试】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。To help you understand what 5G is, and what it me

33、ans to you, weve put together a handy guide here.What is 5G? 1 At its most basic level, 5G will be used to make calls, send texts, and to simply get online. But its going to be significantly faster than previous generations, and could open the door up to a range of exciting new uses. 2 5G will use n

34、ew higher radio frequencies to send out data, which are less cluttered(挤了) and carry information much faster. While these higher bands are faster, they dont carry information as far. Thats to say, smaller multiple input and output antennas(天线) will be usedpromoting both signals and capacity(容量). 3 W

35、hy is it better than 4G?5G is expected to be faster than 4G, with some firms claiming it could be as much as 100 times quicker. The fastest 4G networks can deliver peak download speeds of around 300 Mbit/s. 4 In real life, this could allow you to download a full HD film in less than 10 seconds! 5 It

36、 means there will be very littleif anydelay when you carry out tasks on a device. While this will help improve things like gaming experiences, it could also pave the way for safer self-driving carsin which even a short delay could be life-saving.Finally, 5G will have a larger capacity, meaning netwo

37、rks will be able to deal with several apps at once. Generally, this should mean that devices have a faster, more stable connection.A. How does 5G work?B. How will 5G affect you?C. 5G is also expected to have a lower latency.D. 5G is short for “5th generation mobile network”.E. In comparison, 5G coul

38、d offer download speeds of over 1 Gb/s.F. Therefore, the similarity between 5G and 4G technology is huge.G. This means 5G will support up to 1,000 more devices per meter than 4G.二、【2020届重庆市一中高三上学期摸底】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lead has proved to be a useful metal. 1 It goes into car bat

39、teries and also helps make bright pigments, used to paint walls, metal work and toys. 2 In the worst cases it causes comas(昏迷) and death. More often its effects are slow but harmful. Research shows that lead is a threat to little babies, who are most likely to take in dust and paint chips that conta

40、in lead. Their brains can be easily harmed. 3 The dangers of lead have long been known. American banned it from paint 40 years ago, and by the late 1990s leaded petrol had been stopped gradually in almost all rich countries. But the effects continue to exist. 4 The situation is more alarming in the

41、poor world, where the use of lead-based paints is spreading. As people in Asia and Africa become richer, they start to decorate their homes, but the paint they use, even from pots labeled “lead-free”, often contains it.It is neither difficult nor expensive to stop using lead. 5 And industrial use is

42、 no exception, because the contamination(污染物) spreads and industrial paint inevitably finds its way into the consumer market. Yet only four sub-Saharan African countries have formally placed bans and local factories are often unaware of the harm that lead causes.A. Yet lead is also a poison.B. It tu

43、rns up everywhere.C. All countries should ban lead in paint.D. Half a million American children are diagnosed with lead poisoning.E. There is no excuse for poor countries to repeat the mistake of rich ones.F. Taking some simple precautions can help protect you and your family from lead exposure.G. B

44、ut only years after exposure are the results apparent in lower IQ and learning disabilities.答案与解析基础题一、【答案】1-5 FGBCE【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了对于刚开始跑步的人，要避免哪些事项从而提高成功的机会。1.根据上文Given that its so easy to take up the sport, a lot of beginners jump right into running without actually knowing what it takes to establ

45、ish a healthy routine可知鉴于这项运动非常容易，许多初学者在没有真正知道如何形成健康的日常生活习惯的情况下直接跑步。承接上文，F项：许多人会犯很多常见的错误，这些错误会干扰训练或导致伤害切题，故选F项。2.根据上文Runners need to ease into the sport before increasing the distance可知跑步者需要在跑步之前进行热身运动。承接下文，G项：它有助于降低受伤风险，因此你可以继续新一天的跑步切题。G项it指的是前面整个句子，对前面的句子做出了进一步的解释。故选G项。3.根据本段Beginners might think

46、they need to run nearly every day to meet their fitness or weight-loss goals, but this couldnt be further from the truth和Follow a training plan that includes rest days可知初学者可能会认为他们几乎每天都要跑步以达到他们的健身或减肥目标，但这是不可能的。要在训练计划中安排休息日。所以这段要讲的误区就是坚持跑步而不休息，B项（没有休息日）符合，故选B项。4.根据后文especially for beginners whose musc

47、les and bones havent yet been conditioned for such intense exercise.可知特别是对那些肌肉和骨骼不适合如此剧烈运动的初跑者，此处是想表达跑步是一项有难度的运动，连接下文，C项：跑步是一项可能对体能要求很高的运动切题，故选C项。5.根据小标题Comparing yourself to others可知跑步的一个误区就是老拿自己和别人比较，E项：刚开始跑步的时候，不拿自己和别人比较很难做到符合语境，故选E项。易错题一、【答案】1-5 GAFCE【解析】本文是一篇说明文。人类用来记录和表达思想感情的书写工具的历史，就是文明本身的历史。

48、这就是我们如何了解我们的祖先和他们的生活。文章介绍了改进书写工具的发展。1.上文：大约公元前24000年，穴居人开始用石头在洞穴的墙上画画。再根据下文：纳米比亚阿波罗遗址的墙壁被认为是迄今为止最古老的岩画。These drawings承接上下文，G项：这些图画表现了日常生活中的事件，如种植庄稼或打猎的胜利切题。故选G。2.下文：由于纸莎草纸不能被刮伤，骨头或金属棒不再有用。承接下文，A项Now something was needed to write upon the papyrus（现在需要在纸莎草纸上写点什么）切题。故选A。3.上文：因此，埃及人创造了一种芦苇笔，完美地用于纸莎草纸。承接

49、上文，F项：These were mostly the stems of grasses, especially from the bamboo plant（这些主要是草的茎，尤其是竹子的茎）切题。故选F。4.上文说最常见的是鹅毛。承接上文，C项：Swan feathers were of a high quality, being rare and most expensive（天鹅羽毛质量很好，既稀有又昂贵）切题。故选C。5.上文：当作家们有了更好的墨水、纸张，书写已经发展成为一种艺术形式和日常生活的一部分时，人类的创造性再一次转向改进书写工具。承接上文，E项：This led to th

50、e development of the modern fountain pen in the 19th century（这导致了现代钢笔在19世纪的发展）切题。故选E。【点拨】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。例如本文主要是通过时间顺序发展的。第一题第三题第五题是根据代词指代以及关键词复现解题，第二题第四题则

51、是根据句子间的逻辑关系解题。这道题是相对有些难度的，仅凭借意义解题是不够的，还要掌握上下句代词指代和关键词复现这些技巧才能有所突破。二、【答案】1-5 BECFD【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了社交媒体对人们的影响，呼吁人们关注自身周围真实的世界。1.根据上文 “Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are? Oh, man! Youre missing out!” 可知此处讲述人们自己的感受。故B项：至少你会这么想。thats wha

52、t.很好地承接上文。2.结合上文 “Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FoMO.” 及下文 “Its so easy today to see what your friends are doing from the social media.” 可知，此句需承上启下，E项：超过75%的年轻人报告说他们时不时会有情绪低落的感觉。承接上文missing out or FoMO，引出下文对于这种感觉的说明。故选E项。3.根据上文 “Rather than realizing this basic truth, thou

53、gh, we usually let FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social media.” 可知人们通常与其他人进行比较；再根据下文 “We know all the sides of our livesboth good and bad, but all we see on social media are the pictureperfect moments others share.” 可知我们只分享他们的美好瞬间。C项This certainly leaves us feeling dissat

54、isfied（这会使我们不舒服）中This承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。4.根据下文 “FoMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to addiction and a negative cycle that can be hard to break.” 可知比较会使我们产生消极情绪；上文主要讲述攀比使人不舒服。F项：Comparison is the thief of joy很好地承上启下。故选F项。5.根据下文 “Researchers advise that we stop looking to social med

55、ia for happiness.” 可知研究人员给出了解决办法；因此设空处应是疑问，D项：So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO?符合题意。故选D项。【点拨】七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。分析本文的语篇结构，可以知道第一段是文章的主题句，然后接下来各段的语篇结构都是主题句（总）+支撑句（分）（分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等）。例如第五小题，整段都在讲述研究人员的建议

56、，故可推理首句应为一句总起句，D项：So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO?即：那么我们如何打破这个循环，避免FoMO呢？逻辑顺序是先提出疑问，接着解答疑问，符合语境，但切忌未理清问题就选A。高考题一、【答案】1-5 EAGCD【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处：新鲜空气中的氧气、阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”治疗病人了。1.根据下一句中的the answer is a big YES可知，该空应该是一个一般疑问句，选项中只有E选项是一般疑问句。故选E：但是新鲜空气真得像你母亲

57、总说的那样对你有好处吗？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air” 和选项中的your mother always said亦是呼应。2.根据下一句中提到的If the air youre breathing is clean.the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人具有生命气息而充满活力的氧气。下文中 “.breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and

58、your brain” 是对前文的递进：在户外，更多的氧气会进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A选项：新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部。3.根据下一句中提到的these places可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数名词。选项中只有G选项提到该类名词，故选项G：在全国，康复中心已经开始建造“康复花园”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。4.前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的有利作用：正在成长的绿色植物可以减轻压力，降低血压，使人情

59、绪良好。空后提到它给我们一种平和感。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it也要指代这种情况。故C选项切题：身处大自然可以使人精神焕发。5.根据下文中提到的the suns rays.give us beneficial Vitamin D可知，该段介绍阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。选项中只有D选项涉及阳光。故选D：获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光。二、【答案】1-5 GBAEC【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。1.上文：动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面。下文：就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定。该空承上启下，G选项：没有目

60、标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它切题，故选G。2.下文：不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性。根据that可知该空引出下文，B选项：那么你应该如何激励自己呢？切题，故选B。3.上文：有时候你的心不在工作上，下文说：所以，放慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么。该空承上启下，A选项：这会影响你的工作切题，句中的This指的是心不在工作上，故选A。4.上文：记住，目标是灵活的。该空承接上文，E选项：它们会根据环境的改变而改变切题，故选E。5.上文：你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。下文：你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标。该空承上启下，C选项：

61、然而，这也不应使你沮丧切题，故选C。模拟题一、【答案】1-5 DAGEC【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了关于5G的相关信息。1.由 “What is 5G?” 可知，设空处要说明5G的概念。故D选项：5G是“第五代移动网络”的缩写切题。故选D项。2.由 “5G will use new higher radio frequencies to send out data, which are less cluttered and carry information much faster” 可知，5G将使用新的更高的无线电频率来发送数据，这些数据传送更顺畅，传输速度更快。所以本段主要在说明5G

62、的工作原理，也就是小标题所要说明的内容。故A选项：5G是如何工作的？切题。故选A项。3.由 “Thats to say, smaller multiple input and output antennas will be usedpromoting both signals and capacity” 可知，更小的多输入和输出天线将被应于提升网络信号质量和容量。所以设空处要具体说明这种天线所带来的优势。故G选项：这意味着5G每米将比4G多支持1000个设备切题。This承接上文，故选G项。4.由 “the fastest 4G networks can deliver peak downlo

63、ad speeds of around 300 Mbit/s” 可知，最快的4G网络可以提供大约300Mbit/s的峰值下载速度。所以设空处要与4G网络速度对比来说明5G网络的速度。故E选项：相比之下，5G可以提供超过1GB/s的下载速度切题。故选E项。5.由后一句 “It means there will be very littleif anydelay when you carry out tasks on a device” 可知，这意味着当你在设备上执行任务时，即使有延迟，可能性也会非常小。根据其中的It可知设空处与后一句为解释说明关系，来说明5G有较低的延迟性。故C选项：5G预计也

64、会有较低的延迟性切题。故选C项。二、【答案】1-5 BAGDC【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了铅的应用及危害。1.根据空后的 “It goes into car batteries and also helps make bright pigments, used to paint walls, metal work and toys.”可知，它可用于汽车电池，也可用于制造明亮的颜料，用于粉刷墙壁、金属制品和玩具制造，故B项：它的应用很广泛符合语境。选项中的It指的是铅。2.根据空后的 “In the worst cases it causes comas and death.” 可知，最严重

65、的情况是它可以导致昏迷和死亡，故A项：然而，铅也有毒符合语境。3.根据空前的 “Research shows that lead is a threat to little babies, who are most likely to take in dust and paint chips that contain lead. Their brains can be easily harmed.” 可知，研究表明，铅对婴儿是一种威胁，他们最有可能吸入含有铅的灰尘和涂料碎片，这让他们的大脑很容易受损，故G项：但仅仅几年之后，结果就是他们在智商和学习方面表现出障碍符合语境。4.根据空前的 “But the effects continue to exist.” 可知，铅的影响仍然存在，此处举例说明它的影响，故D项：50万美国儿童被诊断出铅中毒符合语境。5.根据空后的And industrial use is no exception可知，应全面禁止铅的使用，工业用途也不例外，故C项：所有国家都应该禁止涂料中含铅符合语境。