2019年英语新同步译林必修四（江苏专用）讲义：UNIT 2 SECTION Ⅰ WELCOME TO THE UNIT .doc

1、As the second oldest toy in the world (dolls are first), the yoyo has a long history. Early yoyos were made of wood, metal or even terracotta (赤陶土) and decorated with paints. It is made up of two disks connected by a small rod (杆子) between the disks. A piece of string was tied to this rod and the ot

2、her end was tied to a finger. The disks were rolled up on this string and when released the disk ran up and down this piece of string! The yoyo has enjoyed many periods of popularity throughout history. The modern history of the yoyo started with a young man from the Philippines named Pedro Flores.

3、In the 1920s, he moved to the USA and worked at a hotel in California and spent many lunch breaks playing with his toy. He soon drew a crowd with his tricks. He started a company to make the toy, calling it the Flores YoYo Company. This was the first appearance of the name “yoyo”， which means “comec

4、ome” in the native Filipino language.During a business trip to California, Donald FDuncan, an entrepreneur, saw Flores play yoyo and found that people watching it liked it very much. A year later he returned and bought the company from Flores, gaining not only a unique (独一无二的) toy, but also the magi

5、c name “yoyo”. Duncan made an improvement to the yoyo. With this improvement, the yoyo could do a trick called “sleep” for the first time.By 1962, Duncans company alone sold about 45 million yoyos in a country with only 40 million kids. In 1946, Duncan moved to Luck, Wisconsin. Luck came to be known

6、 as the “yoyo capital of the world” Financial losses and a costly lawsuit (诉讼) to protect the yoyo trademark from competitors forced the Duncan family out of business in the late 60s. Flambeau Products, which made Duncans plastic models, bought the company and still owns it today.Section_Welcome to

7、the unit & Reading Prereading,The Olympic GamesGood afternoon, students and teachers. As a member of the International Olympic Committee， I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games. Ill share some interesting facts and st

8、ories with you, and then well have time for questions.Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? It was in the year 776 BC. They were held at Olympia in Greece every four years， for almost 12 centuries, until AD mittee/kmItI/n.委员会the International Olympic Committee 国际奥林匹克委员会(简称国际奥委会)delighted

9、/dIlaItId/adj.愉快的，高兴的be delighted to do 因做而高兴significance/sInIfIkns/n.重要性，意义(be) of significance 重要的Olympia/lImpI/n.奥林匹亚(希腊古城)Greece/ris/n.希腊every four years 表示“每四年(一次)”，相当于 every fourth year。奥林匹克运动会第12段译文同学们、老师们，下午好。作为国际奥委会的一名成员，我非常高兴应邀前来贵校，跟大家谈谈奥运会的历史和重要性。我将跟大家分享一下有关奥运会的一些有趣的史实和故事，然后我们会有时间来讨论一些问题。

10、大家知道古代奥林匹克运动会是何时开始的吗？是在公元前776年。直到公元394年，奥运会一直在希腊的奥林匹亚举行，每四年一次，这样持续了将近12个世纪。Some of the sports from the ancient Olympics are still seen today, such as the long jump, wrestling and running. At the ancient Olympics, by tradition the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes . Sin

11、gle women were allowed to take part in their own competition, at a separate festival in honour of Hera, the wife of the Greek god Zeus. Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part, no matter what nation they come from.The contemporary Olympics were first held in 1896, in

12、 Athens. It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace. Now people all over the world are helping to realize this dream. Among them are many wellknown athlet

13、es.wrestling/reslI/n.摔跤运动tradition/trdIn/n.传统；风俗by tradition 根据传统compete/kmpit/vi.比赛；竞争compete with/against 与竞争wearing no clothes为现在分词短语作方式状语。honour/n(r)/n.尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉 vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)in honour of 为向表示敬意male/meIl/n.& adj.男性(的)no matter what 引导一个让步状语从句。nation/neIn/n.国家，民族；全体国民contemporary/kntemprrI/adj.现

14、代的，当代的；同一时代的It was . who . 是强调句型，强调 a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin。bring . back to life 使恢复生机make it possible .是“make宾语宾补”结构。 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是 to live side by side in peace。wellknown/welnn/adj.著名的Among them are many wellknown athletes. 是倒装句。第34段译文古代奥林匹克运动会中的有些运动项目今天仍能见到，如跳远、摔跤、赛跑。从传统上来讲，古代奥运会的运动员都是

15、男性，而且他们必须裸体竞技。未婚女性可以参加她们自己的竞技比赛，比赛在一个专门纪念赫拉(希腊神话中众神之王宙斯的妻子)的节日举行。如今，世界各地的男女运动员都能参加竞赛，不管他们来自哪个国家。,现代奥运会于1896年在雅典首次举行。让奥运会得以重生的是法国人皮埃尔德顾拜旦。他梦想奥运会能促成所有国家的人民和平相处。如今，世界各地的人们都在帮助实现这个梦想，其中就有很多著名的运动员。Did you know that perhaps the most famous boxer of all time first came to public attention during the 1960 R

16、ome Olympics? He won the gold medal for the USA, under his birth name Cassius Clay. Afterwards, this young man went on to win the World Heavyweight Boxing Championship in 1964 and later changed his name to the one we all know, Muhammad Ali. He returned to the Olympic Games in Atlanta in 1996 to ligh

17、t the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.Another sports star I would like to mention is Michael Jordan. Everyone knows of his success in the NBA, but do you know that he helped the USA basketball team win the gold medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics? Jordan also returned to the Olympics after

18、many years, but unlike Muhammad Ali, he was still competing for medals. At the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, Jordan won his second Olympic gold medal as a member of the socalled Dream TeamChinese athletes have also made important contributions to the Olympic Games. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, the P

19、eoples Republic of China returned to the Olympics after 32 years absence. I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.Deng Yaping, who won four Olympic gold medals in 1992 and 1996， is perhaps the greatest female table tennis player the

20、world has ever seen .At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the mens 110metre hurdles.boxer/bks(r)/n.拳击手，拳击运动员medal/medl/n.奖牌，奖章，勋章win a gold medal 获得金牌heavyweight/hevIweIt/n.重量级拳击手；有影响力的人或事物boxing/bksI/n.拳击运动c

21、hampionship/tmpInIp/n.锦标赛；冠军地位flame/fleIm/n.火焰opening/pnI/n.开幕式；小孔opening ceremony 开幕式I would like to mention 是定语从句，修饰Another sports star, 该从句省略了在从句中作宾语的引导词 that/who/whom。absence/bsns/n.缺席，不在场；不存在when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。who won four Olympic gold meda

22、ls . 是 who 引导的非限制性定语从句。the world has ever seen 是省略了关系代词 who 或 that 的定语从句，修饰先行词 the greatest female table tennis player。excite/IksaIt/vt.使激动，使兴奋excited adj.兴奋的；exciting adj.令人兴奋的，使人激动的；excitedly adv.兴奋地；excitement n刺激，兴奋，激动hurdle/hdl/n.跨栏；难关，障碍110metre hurdles 110 米跨栏第57段译文大家知道在1960年罗马奥运会上首次引起公众瞩目的，可

23、能是有史以来最为著名的一位拳击运动员吗？他为美国赢得了金牌，当时他的名字还是出生时的名字卡修斯克莱。此后，这个年轻人又赢得了1964年世界重量级拳击锦标赛冠军，后来他改了名，即众所周知的穆罕默德阿里。1996年，他重返奥运会，在亚特兰大奥运会开幕式上点燃奥运圣火。,另一位我想提及的体育明星就是迈克尔乔丹。大家都知道他在NBA的成功，但你们知道他帮助美国篮球队获得了1984年洛杉矶奥运会的金牌吗？多年后，乔丹也重返奥运会，但与穆罕默德阿里不同的是，乔丹仍然是为了角逐奖牌而返回奥运会的。在1992年巴塞罗那奥运会上，乔丹作为所谓“梦之队”的一员，为自己夺得了第二块奥运会金牌。,中国的体育运动员也同

24、样为奥运会做出了重要贡献。1984年洛杉矶奥运会上，中华人民共和国在阔别32年后重返奥运会。我相信，当许海峰为自己的祖国获得第一枚金牌时，整个中国都为之感到自豪。邓亚萍也许是迄今为止世界上最出色的女乒乓球运动员，她在1992年和1996年共获得四枚奥运金牌。2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔夺得了男子110米跨栏的金牌，作为获得此项目冠军的第一位亚洲人，他让全亚洲的人都为之激动。The Chinese led the way at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, winning 51 gold medals. For the first time in history, the

25、 Chinese womens gymnastics team won the gold medal. However, the athlete that some people remember most was Zhang Ning, a former badminton champion. At the age of 33, she was much older than the other players. Yet, she hung on to win the gold medal in the final match.These are some of the Olympic at

26、hletes who have brought joy to people across the world with their attempts to push the boundaries of human achievement. We are looking forward to seeing more of them in future Olympic Games. Join me in wishing the Olympic Movement a successful future to match its past glory.Thank you. Now, are there

27、 any questions？lead the way 领先winning 51 gold medals为现在分词短语作状语。gymnastics/dImnstIks/n.体操，体操训练badminton n羽毛球champion/tmpIn/n.冠军，优胜者a former badminton champion为Zhang Ning的同位语。hang on(在逆境中)坚持final/faInl/adj.最终的，最后的 n决赛the final match 决赛who引导定语从句， 在从句中作主语。joy/dI/n.喜悦，欢乐attempt/tempt/n.& vt.尝试，努力，试图bound

28、ary/bandrI/n.边界，界限look forward to 期待，盼望。 to 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。movement/muvmnt/n.社会运动；移动，活动；进展第810段译文在2008年北京奥运会上中国队一路领先，共赢得了51枚金牌。历史上第一次，中国女子体操队赢得了金牌。然而，一些人最不能忘记的是前羽毛球冠军张宁，在自己已是33岁，年龄远大于其他选手的情况下，她却在决赛中苦苦坚持，终于赢得了金牌。,这些是努力推进人类成就极限、给世界人民带来喜悦的奥林匹克运动员中的一部分。我们期望在未来的奥运会上能看到更多这样的运动员。让我们共同祝愿奥林匹克运动有一个成功的未来，以

29、映衬其过去的辉煌。谢谢大家。现在，大家有没有什么问题？PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1significance Anot in the place where people expect you to be, or the time that you are away2compete Bthe quality of being significant3honour Can act of trying to do something, especially something difficult4absen

30、ce Dto try to gain something and stop someone else from having it or having as much of it5delighted Ebelonging to the present time6attempt Fvery pleased and happy7tradition Ga belief, custom, or way of doing something that has existed for a long time8contemporary Hsomething that makes you feel very

31、proud9excite Imoving or being moved; action; activity10movement Jto cause to rouse strong feelings of expectation, happiness答案：15BDHAF610CGEJILeadinLoot at the following pictures and discuss the sports with a partner to see what sports they belong to. 1It is convenient for people to play and does no

32、t require too much equipment. People have to be quickminded and have rapid responses. It is a good way to make friends and meet new people.Table_tennis2It is an ancient sport often appearing as the main event in the early Olympic Games. Wrestling exists in many different styles but only two styles f

33、eature in the Olympics, namely freestyle and GrecoRoman. GrecoRoman wrestling allows the use of only the participants upper bodies; however, freestyle allows the use of legs. Wrestling3To become a professional gymnast or a diver, you have to sacrifice (牺牲) a lot.Gymnastics_&_Diving4It is a tradition

34、al sport in China.Kung_fuWhilereadingFastreading1Look at the title and skim the text, and then we know the main idea of the text is the_history_and_significance_ of the Olympic Games.The purpose of the text is to_let_us_learn_more_about_the_Olympic_Games.2The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olymp

35、ia_in_Greece.It was Pierre de Coubertin who restarted the Modern_Olympic_Games.Carefulreading()Choose the best answers according to the text.1Which of the following is TRUE about the ancient Olympics?ABoth men and married women were allowed to compete in the games.BThe ancient Olympics were always h

36、eld at the same place named Olympia.CUnmarried women were allowed to take part in the Olympics in honour of Zeuss wife.DAthletes from different parts of the world could take part in the games.2The ancient Olympics and todays Olympics have one thing in common.It is that _.Aboth are held every four ye

37、arsBthe sports are the sameCathletes speak different languagesDboth were held in honour of Zeus3Where were the Olympic Games held in 1984?AIn Los Angeles.BIn Athens.CAt Olympia. DIn Atlanta.4Mr Johnson mentioned several wellknown athletes in his speech, among them _ won at least two Olympic gold med

38、als.Muhammad Ali Michael JordanXu Haifeng Deng YapingLiu Xiang Zhang NingA BC D5The Olympic Games are important for many reasons EXCEPT _.Athey help to keep the world in peaceBsome of the Olympians have brought joy to people across the world with their sportsCathletes make friends on the sports fiel

39、dDathletes can earn a lot of money答案：15BAACD()Fill in each blank with only one word according to the text.The Olympic GamesThe ancient Olympic Games1.Beginning in the year 776 BC. Being held at Olympia in Greece every four years. Only men being allowed to compete 2.wearing no clothes. Single women c

40、ould take part in a separate competition in 3.honour of Hera.The 4.modern/ contemporary OlympicsBeing first held in 1896. Being brought back to life by Pierre de Coubertin. Athletes from all over the world can take part 5.whatever their sexes and nationalities are.Some famous athletes and their 6.ac

41、hievementsMuhammad Ali, from the USA, won the gold medal in 1960. Michael Jordan, also an 7.American,_won the gold medal in 1984 and 1992. Xu Haifeng, a Chinese, won the first gold medal for China after its 32 years 8.absence from the Olympics. Deng Yaping, the greatest female table tennis player, w

42、on 9.four gold medals in 1992 and 1996. Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the mens 110metre hurdles. Zhang Ning won the gold medal at the age of 33.ConclusionThe Olympic Movement will enjoy a successful future to match its 10.glorious past.StudyreadingAnalyze the following di

43、fficult sentences in the text.1Deng Yaping, who won four Olympic gold medals in 1992 and 1996, is perhaps the greatest female table tennis player the world has ever seen.句式分析尝试翻译邓亚萍也许是迄今为止世界上最出色的女乒乓球运动员，她在1992年和1996年共获得四枚奥运金牌。2At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia

44、when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the mens 110metre hurdles.句式分析尝试翻译2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔夺得了男子110米跨栏的金牌，作为获得此项目冠军的第一位亚洲人，他让全亚洲的人都为之激动。3These are some of the Olympic athletes who have brought joy to people across the world with their attempts to push the boundaries of human achievement

45、.句式分析尝试翻译这些是努力推进人类成就极限、给世界人民带来喜悦的奥林匹克运动员中的一部分。.课文缩写填空Mr Johnson, who came from the IOC, made a speech in our school.He talked about the history and 1.significance of the Olympic Games. He shared some interesting facts and stories with us.He stated that the ancient Olympic Games took place in 776 BC

46、when by 2.tradition the athletes were all men who had to compete 3.wearing no clothes.Single women were allowed 4.to_take part in their own separate competition in 5.honour of the wife of the Greek god Zeus.Nowadays, not only men but also women are allowed to join in the games.More and more athletes

47、 from all over the world pete in many more events than ever before.He also added that a lot of excellent athletes came to public 7.attention and became sports stars.They have made important 8.contributions to the Olympic Games.They brought joy to people across the world and won great honour for thei

48、r own countries as well as themselves with their 9.attempts to push the boundaries of human achievement.In the end, he suggested we join him in wishing the Olympic Movement a successful future to 10.match its past glory.阅读理解“Im at peace with it. I have no regrets.” Li Na said this words about her re

49、tirement (退役) from professional (职业) tennis. During Sundays news meeting, she couldnt stop crying, showing us just how hard it was for her to make this decision.In July, Li accepted a fourth operation on her knee and said she hoped to be back for the Dongfeng Motor Wuhan Open, to be held in her home

50、town, but was unable to recover from her injuries. “This sport is just too competitive, too good for me to play at below 100 per cent because of knee injuries，” Li said.Its certainly the end of an era, or in Swiss tennis legend (传奇) Martin Hingis words, “A sad day for Chinese tennis and for the spor

51、t in general.”Born in 1982, at the age of 17, Li went professional and began training in the state sports system. After her win at the 2011 French Open, Li became the first player from Asia to win a Grand Slam (大满贯) singles title. She went on to get another Grand Slam title at the Australian Open th

52、is past January. At the height of her career, she became the worlds No.2 player behind the US Serena Williams.Besides her success on the court, Li won millions of fans with her warm and easygoing character outside the court. Her frequent joking in interviews about life with Jiang Shan, 35, her forme

53、r coach and husband of nine years, helped her become a global figure. Lis biggest success, however, is her great help to the rise of tennis in China.Li is more than a sports super star. Shes an encouragement to millions. In that sense, shes achieved more in her professional life than most can ever d

54、ream.语篇解读：本文介绍著名网球运动员李娜退役，回顾了李娜的成功之路和对中国网球做出的贡献。1.Why did Li Na cry during Sundays news meeting?ABecause its hard to recover from the injury.BBecause she didnt recover from her injuries.CBecause she was pleased to have no regrets.DBecause she had to retire from professional tennis.解析：选D细节理解题。通过文章第一段

55、的“During Sundays news . make this decision.”可知，李娜在退役新闻发布会上忍不住哭是因为很困难地做出了因伤结束网球运动职业生涯的决定，故答案为D。2We can conclude from Paragraph 2 that _.ALi Na had three operations on her kneeBLi Na succeeded in competing in Dongfeng Motor Wuhan OpenCtennis is a sport full of competitionDafter recovering, Li Na can p

56、lay at 100 per cent解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段的“This sport is just too competitive, too good for me to play at below 100 per cent because of knee injuries”可知，网球运动充满竞争性，运动员必须100%投入，故答案为C。3How does Martin Hingis feel about Li Nas retirement?AProud.BRegretful.CPleased. DWorried.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段辛吉斯的评语“A sad day fo

57、r Chinese tennis and for the sport in general”可推知，她认为李娜退役是一个让人悲伤的决定，很遗憾，故答案为B。4How many years does it take Li Na to win her first Grand Slam singles title after she went professional?A9. B5.C12. D7.解析：选C数字计算题。根据第四段前两句“Born in 1982, at the age of 17 .to win a Grand Slam (大满贯) singles title.”可知，李娜1999

58、年成为职业运动员，到2011年获得法网冠军，花费了12年时间，故答案为C。5What is the best title of the passage?AA Legend Says “Good Bye”BLi Nas Professional Tennis CareerCThe Rise of Tennis in ChinaDA Super Tennis Star解析：选A标题归纳题。本文介绍传奇网球运动员李娜退役，简单回顾了李娜的成功之路和对中国网球做出的贡献，故答案为A。.任务型阅读Its early January and for many, its the right time of

59、year to hit “reset” and (re)commit to all the things you want to happen in 2015: exercise, lose weight, and finally learn Chinese, etc. Our lists have been made, but the outcomes tend to let us down.We may start off strong, but we can get steered off course before we realize it. You would have gone

60、to the gym, but the delivery is coming in the morning so you have to wait for it. You did great last week keeping off the desserts, so what the heck its a birthday party, you deserve to have just one! You were totally up for going to that networking event, but your husband is away and the kids need

61、you. Your mind becomes masterful at creating those convincing “reason” why you couldnt do something.Of course, there are many times when we fight through the various circumstances that present themselves to achieve something that matters to us, but then there are other times when we buy into the exc

62、uses and stories we tell ourselves to defend why not to do something.Ive worked with many successful people over the years, and they frequently share similar habits and routines that make up the kind of mindset that is good at achieving goals and persevering through any circumstances. Ive often take

63、n note of them, and here are the top five most easytodo actions that can be applied to any goal or commitment you have. I find these especially helpful as we begin a fresh new year of goals.1GET EARLY WINSYou cannot underestimate how much this fuels your commitment. Define what “early wins” look lik

64、e and make sure that theyre in your control. For example, if you said, “exercise four times weekly”， thats in your hands, so make sure you meet or exceed this number consistently. It fuels you to continue.2TRACK POSITIVE PROGRESSIts important to know what youve accomplished. Mostly we focus on what

65、ISNT happening. This is bringing down your energy level and mood. Keep a notebook or journal (digitally or paper) of what is getting done so you can visibly see progress. If you have several goals, keep different journals.3COMMIT TO OTHERSThe more you share your goals with others, the more you becom

66、e responsible for taking action. Take it a step further and enlist someone you will “report” to and share your progress. Make sure this person push you and not let you off the hook.4MAKE MISTAKES AND MOVE ONYou wont be perfect. When youre not, declare, embrace and own it, then move on fast. Recommit

67、 and get right back in the game. Also, disable your rearview mirrors (后视镜). What happened before doesnt have to influence what happens next.5DEFINE YOUR OWN SUCCESSThere is no “right” way to get to your goal. Its yours and youre the author. Clearly map out the route to the top with milestones and wh

68、at success looks like. The more clear you are on not only the “what” but the “how”， the easier it will be to take action.The goals you create are hugely important, but in fact the most exciting part is the selfdiscovery in the process of getting there. Make this year an amazing year of breaking barr

69、iers and being “unreasonable” with yourself to achieve success.IntroductionThe (1)_ of the new year is the right time to reset and commit to goals in 2015.(2)_ outcomes in seeking successWe may start off strong, but we can get lost during the course (3)_We always find seemingly reasonable excuses in

70、 (4)_ of ourselves when we give up halfway.Five ways to become successfulTo fuel you to continue, define what “early wins” logically and (5)_ your ability accurately. Focus on your present accomplishments and (6)_ your progress by keeping notes and journals. The more you share your goals with others

71、, the more (7)_ you will take for the future actions. Admit your imperfection and move forward without (8)_ your previous mistakes. Choose the right way to meet your goal and clarify how to achieve success.ConclusionThe process of achieving goals is to (9)_ yourself, which is more important than creating goals. (10)_ endless excuses and break barriers to make 2015 an amazing year.答案：1.beginning/start2.Disappointing/Discouraging3.unconsciously/unintentionally4.defence/defense5assess/evaluate/rate/estimate6.record/note7responsibility8.reviewing9.discover/explore10Abandon