外研版高一英语Book3 Module 5 Grammar课件（共33张）.ppt

1、Module 5 Grammar定语从句定语从句：一、种类：1.限定性定语从句2.非限定性定语从句（用，隔开主句和从句，关系词不能用that和why）二、三要素：(还原法）1.先行词（n./pron.名词或代词）2.关系词（关系代词/关系副词）3.成分(关系词在定语从句中充当成分）三、关系代词的用法关系代词指代在定语从句中充当的成分人物句子主语(宾语)表语定语 who（）whom（）that（）which（）whose as四、关系副词的用法关系副词先行词在定语从句中充当的成分when时间时间状语where地点(具体+抽象）地点状语why原因reason原因状语当先行词为point,stage

2、,case,position,condition,situation等词时，关系副词用where五、关系代词as引导的定语从句 1.as意为“正如；正像”，在句首和句中。As we all know,he is the greatest scientist of all time.正如我们所知，他是有史以来最伟大的科学家。2.as 固定搭配“the same.as.;such.as.”We do the same work as they(do)我们和他们干同样的活。I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.我希望得到像他正在用的那样的一本词

3、典。用恰当的关系词填空(1)She lives in a house _ windows all face the south.(2)Jack is always ready to help others is a very kindhearted man.(3)He is the man I saw yesterday.(4)The train has just left is for Nanning.(5)Such books you bought are useful.(6)He is wearing the same coat will make everyone laugh at t

4、he sight of it.(7)I still remember the day I became a college student.(8)That is the reason he is leaving so soon.(9)I forgot the house the Smiths lived.whose who/that(that/whom)which/that when why where asas注意：当先行词是时间、地点、原因时，关系词不一定是when,where,why 1)This is the school _ I used to study.This is the s

5、chool _ I visited last week.2)Ill remember the day _ we spent together.Ill remember the day _ we worked together.3)This is the reason _ he failed in the exam.This is the reason _ he told youwhere（that/which）（that/which）（that/which）whenwhy 1.Ive become good friends with several of the students in my

6、school_I met in the English speech contest last year.Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 解析该空所填词引导定语从句，且在从句中作met的宾语，先行词指人，故关系词用who。答案 A 2.The old temple_roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.Awhere Bwhich Cits Dwhose 解析 句意：暴风雨中房顶被破坏的那座庙宇正在整修中。所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中作roof的定语，且表示“谁的”，故用who

7、se。答案 D 3.Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers_I go.Its only 15.Aas Bwhich Cwhere Dthat 解析 句意：你能相信我理一次发得花30美元吗？你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。the barbers是先行词，表示地点，从句中go是不及物动词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。答案 C六、关系代词that和which的区别that例句1.当先行词是不定代词时，如all，everything，anything，n

8、othing，any,much,few，little，none等。All that he has done is of little help.他所做的没有一点儿帮助。2.当先行词前面有the only,the very等修饰词时。This is the very man that I want to see.这正是我想见的那个人。3.当先行词为序数词/形容词最高级时。This is the first letter that he has written to me.这是他给我写的第一封信。4.当先行词既有人又有物时。5.在从句中做表语时。He is not the person that

9、he used to be.他不再是以前那样的人了。We were deeply moved by the man and his story that she told us.她告诉我们的那个人和他的故事深深地打动了我们。which例句引导非限定性定语从句,并可以指代整个主句。He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。介词+whichThis is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子。用关系代词th

10、at或which填空(1)He did all he could to help us.(2)This is the very bus Im waiting for.(3)It was a crisis for she was totally unprepared.(4)This is the most interesting novel Ive ever seen.(5)What is the first American film you have seen?(6)Tom has made great progress，makes me happy.thatthatthatthatwhic

11、hwhich 七、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1.关系代词的选择：*先行词指物:介词+whichThis is the house in which he used to live.*先行词指人：介词+whomThis is the man with whom my father is working.2.介词的选定:(1)根据先行词来选用介词。The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look.我曾经工作过的农场呈现出一派新景象。(2)根据定语从句中短语搭配。（介词可放关系词前或放在句中）The person to whom I

12、talked just now is my English teacher.我刚才与之讲话的那个人是我的英语老师。注意：look for,look after,take care of等固定动词短语，在定语从句中不宜将介词与动词分开。*This is the person whom/that you are looking for.这就是你在找的那个人。(3)根据句子的意思确定介词。The professor has two sons，both of whom are teaching in the same university.教授有两个儿子，他们在同一所大学教书。whom I talke

13、d to用适当的介词填空(1)In the dark street，there wasnt a single person _whom she could turn for help.(2)The poor man has no house which he can live.(3)He built a telescope which he could study the skies.(4)I didnt know the reason which he came late.(5)Is this the car which you paid a high price？to in through

14、 for for 1.The newlybuilt cafe，the walls of_are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,especially after hard work.Athat Bit Cwhat Dwhich 解析这里表示咖啡屋的墙，先行词为cafe，指物，且关系代词位于介词of(表示所属关系)后，故用which。答案 D2.Wind power is an ancient source of energy_we may return in the near future.Aon which Bby

15、which Cto which Dfrom which 解析考查“介词which”引导定语从句的用法。由return to sth结构可知介词用to。答案 C八、whose的用法whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。它可转化为“the+名词+of which/whom”和“of which/whom+the+名词”。*This is the scientist _ name is known all over the country.This is the scientist _ the name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科

16、学家。*Please pass me the book _ cover is green.Please pass me the book,the cover _ is green.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。of whomof whichwhosewhose高考链接：1.（2013北京高考）Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where思路分析：选D。定语从句。句意：现在很多国家都在建国家公园，在那里动植物能得

17、到保护。先行词为national parks，在从句中作地点状语用关系副词where。2.（2013福 建 高 考）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A.whose B.that C.who D.which思路分析：选A。考查定语从句。句意：这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语从句，先行词是those，空格处在从句中作lives的定语，故用关系词whose。3.（2013湖南高考）Happiness a

18、nd success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whom B.who C.what D.which思路分析：选B。考查定语从句。句意：幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语,符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人，但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。4.(2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important

19、 as sales skills.A.which B.that C.when D.where思路分析：选D。句意：销售经理是一个这样的职位，在此 职 位 上 其 交 际 能 力 与 销 售 技 能 同 等 重 要。“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。5.（2012浙江高考）We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A.why B.whenC.to whom D.on which思

20、路分析：选B。句意：我们生活在这样一个时代，更多的信息比以前能更容易得到。定语从句中主系表成分俱全，故关系词在定语从句中应作状语。而先行词为an age（时代），即为时间词，故应选when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，此处的when=at which。6.(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.A.what B.in what C.which D.in which思路分析：选D。句意：心灵的护理是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，甚

21、至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。定语从句为被动语态，不缺宾语，故排除C项；what不引导定语从句，排除A项；介词后只能接which或whom，排除B项，故选D项。process常与in连用，故用in which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的process。语法专练1.The student _ all of the teachers took great pride was admitted into Peking University last year.A.in whom B.of whomC.on whom D.for whom【解析】选A。考查“介词+关系代词”引导的

22、定语从句的用法。句意：全体老师引以为豪的那个学生去年被北京大学录取了。题干中的took great pride后接介词in，意为“为感到自豪”，故选A。2.Absorbed in his work,he has very little time _ he can spend accompanying his family.A.when B.in which C.at which D.that【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：他一心扑在工作上，很少有时间陪伴家人。that指代very little time并在定语从句中作spend的宾语。3.The time has come _ we can

23、 make wide use of nuclear energy.A.when B.which C.since D.while【解析】选A。考查关系副词when引导的定语从句。句意：我们广泛利用核能的时代到来了。time是先行词，指时间，在定语从句中作状语，因此引导词应是when，相当于at which。4.The pen _ he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which【解析】选A。考查“介词+which”。句意：他写字用的钢笔是我的。with有“用”的意思，因为先行词属于物，介词之后只能用which,

24、不能用that。with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen。5.A computer is so useful a machine _ we can use everywhere.A.that B.which C.as D.what【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：计算机是我们随处可用的一种如此有用的机器。由句中soadj.a/ann.知先行词被so修饰，定语从句中又缺少宾语，故选C。要注意so.that句型中，that引导结果状语从句，即that后应为完整的句子。6.Einstein,for _ life had once been very

25、hard,was successful later in science.A.whom B.whose C.which D.his【解析】选A。考查介词提前的定语从句。句意：后来爱因斯坦在科学方面取得了巨大的成功，但其生活曾经也很困难过。Einstein为先行词，在从句中作介词for的宾语。故选A。7.The river,_ the banks are covered with trees,is very long.A.whose B.whichC.of which D.which of【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：那条河非常长，其两岸种满了树。whose banksof which th

26、e banksthe banks of which。8.We can never forget the days _ the two astronauts in spaceship worked together and the days _ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;whenC.what;that D.on which;when【解析】选A。考查定语从句关系词的应用。句意：我们永远忘不了宇宙飞船里两名航天员一起工作的日子和我们一起度过的日子。尽管两空前都是the days，但分析句子成分知，第一个定语从句中因为worked为不及物动词故其不缺宾语，故只能在A、D两项中选择；第二个定语从句中spent后缺宾语，故需填关系代词which或that。综上分析而选A项。