2020学年译林版高考英语考点梳理M9考点梳理.doc

1、 高考必考点M9梳理1. second to none 首屈一指 .In the output of grain, China is second to none. 在粮食产量上， 中国首屈一指。.Try some of this tobacco. Youll say its second to none. 请尝一尝这种烟叶， 你一定会说它是首屈一指的。.He is recognized as the leading character in the field of High-energy Physics and his achievements, so far, remain second

2、 to none. 他是高能物理界首屈一指的顶级科学家，在这个领域的研究至今无人能出其右。2. second only to 仅次于As a major health risk， hepatitis is second only to tobacco. 肝炎是仅次于吸烟的主要健康隐患。3. settle的用法原句 The history of the city goes back 650 years when the Maoris settled in the area. 点拨 settle在这里作不及物动词，表示“定居；安家”。又如：Qingdao is a beautiful city a

3、nd I wish to settle there.青岛是个美丽的城市，我希望在那里安家。拓展 settle还有多种含义：a. 安顿；安放Ill call you back as soon as Ive settled the children.一旦我把孩子安顿好了就给你回电话。b. 解决(争端、问题等)We would like to make some suggestions which may help settle the question.我们愿提出一些建议，可能有助于解决这个问题。c. 使安静；使镇定After the exciting party, he tried to set

4、tle himself.热闹的晚会结束后，他试着镇定下来。d. 决定；确定Ive settled that I will study physics in college.我已经决定了大学要学物理。 settler n. 移居者；殖民者settlement n. 定居地；殖民地；解决4. 关于后缀是-some的总结some在英语词汇中是一种有规律的后缀，可以构成形容词或名词，它在构成形容词时，大致有以下几种情况： 缀在动词后，表示“易于的、有倾向的”：如meddlesome（爱管闲事的），quarrelsome（喜欢争吵的、动辙吵架的）； 缀在名词后，表示“产生的、引起的”：如burdenso

5、me（难以负担的、沉重的、繁重的、烦人的），troublesome（令人烦恼/讨厌的；棘手的、麻烦的、困难的）； 缀在形容词后，表示“达到相当程度的”：如lonesome（寂寞的、孤单的；人迹稀少的、荒凉的；思/想念的；n. 口自己、本人）等。5. participate与anticipate的用法participate: vi. 参与，参加；分享 vt. 分享；分担【短语】participate in 参与，参加n. participation 参加 participatant 参与者anticipate : vt. 预期，期望；占先，抢先；提前使用n. anticipation6. his

6、toric与historical的用法辨析historic: adj. 有历史意义的；历史上著名的【短语】our historic monuments 我们古老的纪念碑 a historic meeting of world leaders 具有历史意义的世界领导人会议 historical：adj. 历史的；史学的；基于史实的短语：historical evidence/research etc史学证据/研究等placesof historical interest历史名胜a historical novel 历史小说historian：n. 历史学家historism：n.历史主义7. p

7、articular的用法adj. 特别的；详细的；独有的；挑剔的n. 详细说明；个别项目【短语】a particular type of food 某一类食品 be particular about. 对.挑剔 in particular 尤其，特别 相当于副词 particularly 特别地，尤其地8. Gesture的用法n. 手势，姿势;举止，动作;古语仪态;计算机光笔指令E.g. He made a rude gesture at the driver of the other car. 他向另外那辆汽车的司机做了个粗野的手势。【短语】In a gesture of = in ord

8、er toE.g. Shecouldonlyraiseherhandinagestureofbenediction 她只得举起手来做了一个祝福的手势。Heslivinginamonasteryinagestureofatonementforhumanrightsabusescommittedunderhisleadership 为了弥补自己当权时对人权的践踏，他以出家来谢罪.9. 习语by and by 不久，马上，晚些时候 =before long , immediately feet of clay （受景仰受尊敬的人）品格上的缺陷（或弱点）;泥足（比喻站不住脚的事物）see the ha

9、ndwriting on the wall 不祥之兆（李莫愁的血手印）kill the fatted calf 设宴款待（宰了自家的小牛犊款待你）you reap what you sow 一分耕耘，一分收获the apple of somebodys eye 掌上明珠（你是我眼里的小苹果）10. submit to与Subscribe to 的用法辨析submit to 向呈交递送;顺从屈从，服从;使（自己）听命于听从E.g. Theforeignministerdeclaredinastatementtothepressthathewould neversubmittoblackmail.

10、外长向新闻界发表的声明中宣称他绝不屈服于讹诈。Dontsufferfromthetroublesinfrontofyou,youshouldsubmittocircumstances. 眼前亏就别吃了，要识时务啊。subscribe to 预订，同意，订阅E.g. Isubscribetoafewfavouritecharities. 我定期向几个中意的慈善机构捐款。Wesubscribetotheresolution. 我们赞同这项决议。11. substitute与replace的用法substitute n./vi. 代替；取代; 代替品substitute的用法：substitute

11、A for B 用A来代替B （或者A substitute for B）replace 的用法：replace A with B，意为用B代替A。E.g. In manufacturing, cheaper materials are constantly being substituted for the better and more expensive kind.The government decided to replace coal with gas.用某人代替你,可以说:substitutesomeone for you; substitute you by/with some

12、one; someonereplacesyou (1)The recipe处方 says you can _ yoghurt 酸乳酪for the sour cream酸奶油.A. replaceB. substituteC. exchangeD. place12. 英语中与颜色相关的习语 green hand指没有工作经验的人,生手 green with envy嫉妒 green light许可,同意 red tape指手续繁杂,办事拖拉,不讲实际的坏风气 see red发怒,冒火 in the red亏损,负债 a red letter day重大,重要的日子 feel blue忧郁,烦闷

13、 till all is blue直到铭酊大醉,到极点 once in a blue moon难得,千载难逢的 a bolt from the blue晴天霹雳 be white as a sheet苍白如纸 be in a black mood阴郁的,情绪低落的black and blue遍体鳞伤,青一块紫一块 black and white白纸黑字 in the black赢利 in the pink非常健康 a white lie善意的谎言 a black sheep害群之马 tickle pink非常开心white as a sheet 苍白如纸tickled pink 非常开心13.

14、 such as与as such的用法区别such as用法：表示举例意为“例如，诸如此类的，像那样的”，相当于like或for example。E.g. There are few poets such as Keats and Shelly. 像济慈和雪莱这样的诗人现在很少了。表示“像这样的”其中的 as 用作关系代词，引导定语从句，as 在定语从句中用作主语或宾语。此外，不要按汉语意思把该结构中的 as 换成like。E.g. He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。Such men as he (is) are rare now.

15、现在像他这样的人很少了。表示“凡是的人(或事物)”、“所有的人(事物)”其意相当于 everything that, all those, those that (who)等。其中的 such 为先行词，as 为关系代词。E.g. Take such (things) as you need. 你需要什么就拿什么。You may choose such as you prefer. 你可挑选自己想要的东西。Such (people) as have knowledge and skill will not want to work. 有知识和技能的人不愁没有工作。用作关系代词有时 such a

16、s 整个用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句。E.g. We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had. 我们本来希望给你一个别人从未有过的机会。Then I left it，feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before. 然后我离开那里，心头感到一种前所未有的沉重心情。用于 suchas to do sth表示结果，其中的such为限定语，as to do sth 表示结果。E.g. It was such a loud noise as to w

17、ake everybody in the house. 声音很大，屋里的所有人都被吵醒了。You shouldnt put such high prices as to frighten your customers off. 你不应该要价这么高，以致把顾客都吓跑了。用于such as to do sth表示程度或结果。其中的such是代词，as to do sth引出的结构作程度状语或结果状语。E.g. Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 她的病不是很重，不必担心。The pain in her foot wasnt such as t

18、o stop her walking. 她脚疼，但还不至于不能行走。 用于such as it is构成习语，表示让步，意思是“尽管不怎么好”“尽管不一定正确”“尽管没什么价值或重要性”。E.g. The food, such as it is, is plentiful. 食物不是很好，但量很多.You may use my bike, such as it is. 尽管我的自行车不好，你可以将就着用吧。Youre welcome to join us for supper, such as it iswere only having soup and bread. 欢迎你和我们一起吃晚饭，

19、只是没什么好吃的只有汤和面包。as such 用法小结有两个主要意思。 表示“按照某词通用的词义”“根据某词严格的词义”。 E.g. Its not an agreement as such, but it will have virtually the same effect as one. 就协议的词义而言，它算不上是协定，但实际上起到了协定的作用。I cant call my book a best seller as such but its very popular. 我不敢说我的书是畅销书，但可以说很受欢迎。表示“就本身而论”。如：Money as such will seldom bring happiness. 金钱本身很少带来幸福。Money, as such, does not bring happiness. 金钱本身并不给人带来快乐。表示“以某种身份(或资格)”“像所指的人(或事物)那样”。如：She is a kind woman and is known as such. 她是位好心肠的女人，这是大家知道的。He is the author of the article, but he does not desire to be known as such. 他是文章的作者，但他不想让人知道他是作者