2020-2021学年高考英语语法核心考点专项复习05 形容词副词（含解析）.docx

1、高考英语语法核心考点专项复习05：形容词副词 形容词副词是英语学习的基础知识点也是重点，是考试的重点。本专题是从形容词副词的基本作用、后缀和词性转换、比较等级来讲解。一、形容词的作用1. 作定语He has never seen such a more interesting film.他从来没有看过这么有趣的电影。2. 作表语Im fine, but tired.我身体很好，但很累。The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和。3. 主语（宾语）补足语The fish was caught alive.这条鱼是活抓的。（主语补足语）No

2、w you have to pull it to make the surface smooth like that.现在你必须拉动它以使表面像这样的光滑。（宾语补足语）4. 伴随状语He spent 7days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time.她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。5. 与定冠词连用表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语The rich and the poor live very differen

3、t lives.富人和穷人过着不同的生活。二、副词作用1. 作状语He worked hard all his life.他一辈子工作努力。He plays tennis very badly.他网球打得相当糟糕。2. 作表语Sorry,Mr.Smith isnt in.He is out.抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。3. 作定语On our way home,we saw a traffic accident.在回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。4. 作宾语补足语I saw you out with Mr.White yesterday morning.昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去

4、了。注意兼有两种形式的副词(1)close与closely: close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”。(2)late与lately: late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”。(3)deep与deeply: deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。(4)high与highly: high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。(5)wide与widely: wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。(6)free与freely: free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限

5、制地”三、形容词、副词的比较等级解答比较等级这类题目时考生一定要善于判断比较的对象或范围：如果没有比较的对象或范围就用原级；如果是两者或两方面之间的比较就用比较级；如果是三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较那就用最高级。1 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构 :The 比较级 句子， the 比较级 句子和 比较级 and 比较级。前一个句型结构表示的意义是“越(怎么样就)越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”不要求词性一定相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定；后一个句型结构表示的意义是“越来越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”则要求词性相同。如：The harder you work

6、at your study, the better academic records you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。The more we have, the more we want.人欲无穷。When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder.冬天来临之际，天越来越冷了。He became less and less satisfied with the football teams performance. 他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。2比较级与否定词连用可表示最高级之意。如：I have never se

7、en a better film than the one I saw last night.我从来没有看过比昨天晚上那部更好的电影。Shall we have a short rest?“我们可不可以休息一会儿？”I cant agree any more.“非常同意。”3as形容词或副词原级as像一样在否定句或疑问句中可用so asHe cannot run so/as fast as you.他跑得不如你快。【专家提醒】当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as 形容词 a(an) 单数名词； as many/much 名词This is as good an example as t

8、he other is.这是一个和另一个一样好的例子。4可修饰比较级的程度副词(1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。(2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。(3)以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。5than构成的习语(1) more B than AA不如说B(2) no more than 与一样，不比多no less than与一样(3)more than，非常(4)rather than 而不是(5

9、)other than 除外。首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：not more.than不如no more.than和一样不 (否定两者)not less.than不如不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)no less.than和一样 (肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思：You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is. 你不如

10、他仔细(你比他粗心)。You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。 倍数表示法 (1)倍数形容词(或副词)的比较级than。如：This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)(2)倍数as形容词(或 much)或副词as。如

11、：This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(高出九倍)(3)倍数the size(length，height.)of。如：This street is four times the length of that street.这条街是那条街的四倍长。This hill is four times the height of that small one.这

12、座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)也可用：The height of this hill is four times that of that small one.四、误区点拨1要避免重复使用比较级。【误】 He is more cleverer than his brother. 【正】 He is more clever than his brother. 【正】 He is cleverer than his brother. 2要避免将主语含在比较对象中。【误】 China is larger than any country in Asia. 【正】 China is

13、larger than any other country in Asia. 3比较的对象要一致。【误】 The weather in China is different from America.【正】 The weather in China is different from that in America.【解析】 句意为：中国的天气与美国的天气不同。比较的是天气而不是国家，比较的主体要一致，因此用that代替前面的weather。4要避免表语形容词用作定语。【误】 Entering the room, I saw an afraid girl crouching in the co

14、rner. 【正】 Entering the room, I saw a frightened girl crouching in the corner. 【解析】 afraid是表语形容词不能作定语，而frightened是过去分词变来的普通形容词，可以作定语。5不要把连接性副词当连词使用。(1)【误】 He takes no interest in studies, instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He takes no interest in studies; instead, he plays tennis all day. 【正】 He t

15、akes no interest in studies. Instead, he plays tennis all day. (2)【误】 The house is not big enough for us, besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us, and besides, it is too far from town. 【正】 The house is not big enough for us. Besides, it is too far from town. 【解析】 ins

16、tead, besides等很多词是起连接作用的副词，不能当连词使用，因此它们所在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系，而句子之间在语法上是独立的，因此前面的句子要用句号或分号或用and并列。 课堂练习1When you study the local map，youll find this town is_ .Atwice the size of that oneBtwice as a large town as thatCtwice as larger as that oneDtwice as larger a town as that解析：句意：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城

17、镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A is 倍数the名词(如size/length)of B；B项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。答案：A2Believe it or not，swimming is_ as any to lose unwanted weight.Aa way as good Bas a good way Cas a way good Das good a way解析：考查固定短语。as.as表示“和一样”，固定表达方式有“asadj./adv.as”“asadj.a/ann.as”等。答案：D3David got a higher grade in th

18、e final exam，for，you see，he made _ mistakes.Afew Bfewer Clittle Dless解析：考查形容词比较级。所填词修饰可数名词mistakes，且根据题干意思是否定，由前一分句中的higher可知所填词用比较级，因此选B。答案：B4Do you think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success?Yes，_ ！It couldnt be _ .Arelatively；better Bapproximately；worseCabsolutely；better Dfortunate

19、ly；worse解析：本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively 相对地，比较地；approximately 大约；absolutely 当然是，绝对正确；fortunately 幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故C项正确。答案：C5Of the two cameras，I would prefer _ one，which is very easy for me to carry.Aa smaller Bthe smallest Ca small Dthe smaller解析：考查形容词比较级。由of the two cameras 可知

20、，总共有两台相机，其中“小的那台”，应该用比较级smaller，同时又是“确指”的概念，所以用the smaller，选D项。答案：D6When it was his turn to deliver his speech，_ ，he walked towards the microphone.Anervously and embarrassinglyBnervous and embarrassedlyCnervously and embarrassing Dnervous and embarrassed解析：该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语，表状态或结果。如：He lay

21、in bed，awake.再如：Her husband came back，drunk.答案：D7My grandfather is as _ as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.Aenthusiastic Benergetic Ctalkative Dsensitive解析：依据后半句hates sitting around doing nothing all day 可知这里表示“精力充沛的”，故选B项。enthusiastic热情的；talkative 健谈的；sensitive 敏感的。答案：B8E

22、ven students with _ intelligence can be excellent students after bettering their study habits.Aaverage Bunusual Csplendid Dpopular解析：考查形容词辨析。average 表示“一般的，平常的”；unusual 表示“异乎寻常的”；splendid 表示“极好的，壮丽的”；popular 则表示“流行的”。根据语意，此处表示“智力一般的学生在改进学习习惯之后也能变得很出色”，所以选A项。答案：A9Young people go to college with the e

23、xpectation that_ educated people get a higher pay.Agood Bbetter Cbest Dthe best解析：本题考查形容词、副词的比较级。句意为：年轻人上大学，带着这样的期望得到更好教育的人会得到更高的工资报酬。所以本题应该选择B项。答案：B10 The increase of the number of the students makes the limited computers not_ to each student.Aavailable Baffordable Chelpful Dacceptable解析：考查形容词词义辨析。

24、语境为：学生数量的增加使有限的电脑不够每个学生都使用。固定短语be available to意为“可享受的，可得到的，可使用的”。be helpful to对有帮助的，有益的，有用的；affordable付得起的，不太昂贵的；acceptable可接受的，合意的，可承受的，可忍受的。语境暗示学生多，电脑少，因此应是不够用。答案：A11Though many extra planes and trains are used to carry passengers，traffic tools are still_ needed during the “May Day” holidays.Aeage

25、rly Bbadly Cequally Dslightly解析：考查副词。尽管增加了许多航班和火车班次以便运送旅客，但是在五一假期里交通 工具还很急需。eagerly 热切地；badly很，非常；equally 平等地；slightly略微，稍微。只有B项符合语意。答案：B12On snowy days，you have to drive very _ to avoid traffic accidents.Acautiously Bneatly Csmoothly Dproperly解析：句意为：在下雪天，你必须谨慎驾车以避免交通事故。cautiously 谨慎地；neatly整洁地；smoo

26、thly平滑地；properly适当地。答案：A13He was robbed last night，but_ he didnt have much on him then.Afortunately Beventually Ccertainly Dsurprisingly解析：fortunately幸运地；eventually最终；certainly当然；surprisingly惊讶地。句意为：他昨晚被抢劫了，但幸运的是那时他身上没有多少钱。答案：A14Sorry, somebody borrowed the book last week，but Ill let you know once i

27、t is_ .Apossible Bprobable Cavailable Dpunctual解析：句意为：对不起，上周有人把书借走了，但一旦有的话，我会让你知道。available 可得到的；probable 可能的；punctual 准时的。答案：C15This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air，soil and water_ from pollution.Afree Bempty Cloose Dshort解析：句意为：这种新的化学物质将有助于使空气、土壤和水免受污染。此处free表示“免于，不受影响的”，和from 搭配。答案：A

28、16Jack is really a brave guy.So he is.And we cant admire his courage_ .Atoo much Ba lot Cvery much Da little解析：考查固定结构。从语意看，答话人也认为Jack是个勇敢的男孩，用cant .too much 表示“再也不为过”。语意：我们非常欣赏他的勇气。答案：A17My mom once worked in a very small village school，which is_ only on foot.Aacceptable Badequate Caccessible Dappro

29、priate解析：考查形容词辨析。句意为：我妈妈曾经在一个小村庄的学校教书，这所学校只有步行才能到达。这里用accessible 表示“可进入的，可接近的”。acceptable 可接受的；adequate 适当的，充分的；appropriate 合适的，适当的。答案：C18Do you like the place of interest?On the contrary，its the_ place that I want to visit.Aworst Blast Cbest Dlatest解析：考查形容词辨析。根据答语中的On the contrary 可知，答话者对这个地方不满意。B项

30、的last 表示“最不可能的”，即那是我最不想参观的地方。答案：B19After the accident, the names of injured passengers who have been sent to hospitals were published online and updated _.Aextremely BconstantlyCvivitly Dparticularly解析：考查副词辨析。语意表示在事故发生之后，受伤并被送往医院治疗的乘客名单被公布到网上，并且不断得到更新。用constantly表示“经常地，持续不断地”。答案：B20When you arrive a

31、t the airport, you can wait for our car to pick you up, or, _， you may just get into a taxi and come directly to our company.Ainstantly BaccidentallyCclearly Dalternatively解析：考查副词辨析。语意表示“到达机场之后你可以等我们的车来接你，或者也可以直接打车来公司”，用alternatively表示(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)“要不，或者”。答案：D1. How beautifully she sings! I have n

32、ever heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most3. The plane flew smoothly _ in the sky and people spoke _ of theexperienced pilot. A. high；high B. highly；h

33、ighly C. high；highly D. highly；high4. What do you think of the concert? Oh, it was_success.A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really5. I havent seen_ this since I collected stamps.A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp a6.The task is too much for me, so I cant ca

34、rry on _any longer. I must get some help.A. singly B.simply C.alone D.lonely7. Have your working conditions improved?-No, _than before, Im afraid.A. no better B.a little batter C.not worse D.no worse8. To their great relief, the missing child returned home, _, after an absence of two weeks.A. felt t

35、ired and sound B. tiring and soundly C. feeling tired but soundly D. tired but sound9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go_, you know.A. hand in hand B. step by step C. from time ti time D. one after another10. How are you getting on with your classmates?_. Ive got to know them all.

36、A. Far better B. Much pleased C. Very comfortable D. Very good11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language.A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially12. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science. A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as

37、an art much as D.as much an art as13Jim, are you _this Saturday?Oh, sorry. I need to go to the bookshop _the bank on Saturday.A convenient; and Bconvenient; as well as Cavailable; with Davailable; as well as14.This new kind of chemicals will help keep the air, soil and water _from pollution.A. free

38、B. empty C. loose D. short15How is your father?Hes fine. Hes _to play tennis every Sunday.A. enough active still B. enough still active C. still active enough D. still enough active16.Which team is_to win the game?I dont know, but Ive found_for ours to win.A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it poss

39、ible C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly17. He didnt understand the _question, so there was a_expression on his face.A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling18. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood_to her mother. A. close

40、B. closely C. closed D. closing19I cant give you an answer right now. Id like_more time to consider my decision.Astill Bfairly Cquite Da lot20. I spent _time doing the job, but I didnt do any better than he.Aas twice Btwice much Ctwice much as Dtwice as much【参考答案】1-5ACCBA 6-10CADAA 11-15DDDAC 16-20BAAAD