2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习 Unit 1 People Of Achievement单元主题训练 新人教版选择性必修第一册.doc

1、UNIT 1 单元主题训练.阅读理解ASome of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a variety of fields in science. Several of their contributions throughout history are even more than mens contributions. Our list of the most famous female scientists below are organised i

2、n order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made.Marie Curie (18671934)Famous For: Work on radioactivityMarie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and

3、her work helped with the creation of X-rays.Jane Goodall (1934)Famous For: Primate (灵长类) studiesJane Goodall is known world-wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates. She is considered as the top expert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her 45-year study on the social lives

4、of these animals in Tanzania.Rita Levi-Montalcini (19092012)Famous For: Nerve growth studiesRita Levi-Montalcini was a neurologist (神经病学家) who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She was the first Nobel Prize winner to live past her 10

5、0th birthday.Lise Meitner (18781968)Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physicsLise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission (裂变). One of her colleagues, Otto Hahn, was given the Noble Prize for this work. That Meitner didnt get the award is considered to be a hu

6、ge error by the Nobel committee.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了4位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。1Who is still contributing to the world?AMarie Curie.BJane Goodall.CRita Levi-Montalcini. DLise Meitner.解析：选B细节理解题。根据每个人物后面跟的时间可知，Jane Goodall出生于1934年，而后面没有给出去世时间，说明仍在为世界做贡献。故选B。2What did Rita Levi-Montalcini research on?AN

7、erve growth. BThe wildlife.CNuclear explosion. DRadioactivity.解析：选A细节理解题。根据Rita Levi-Montalcini (19092012)部分中“Famous For: Nerve growth studies”可知，Rita Levi-Montalcini研究的是神经发育。故选A。3What do we know about Lise Meitner?AShe was awarded the Nobel Prize.BShe made a big mistake in her work.CShe did lots of

8、 studies about nerve growth.DShe made great contributions to nuclear physics.解析：选D推理判断题。根据Lise Meitner (18781968)部分中“Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics”可知，因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知，Lise Meitner对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。BWith the worlds attention on vaccines (疫苗), now it feels like a good moment

9、 to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development. Three hundred years ago this month, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu got her daughter inoculated (接种) against smallpox, making her child the first person in the West to be protected in this way. Without Montagus willingness to ado

10、pt a practice she had learned from other cultures, the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place.Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey. Inoculation had started in Asia, probably in China, as early as the 10th century AD. Mont

11、agu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus (脓) from a person with smallpox. They then used needles to make cuts on peoples wrists and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream. This helped people gain immunity from future infection.Like other visitors to the country, Montag

12、u took steps to ensure that her daughter was inoculated. This worked well, but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging. Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income. Some people also dis

13、agree with the practice, as they saw it as going against nature.Back in England, Montagu observed the increased severity of smallpox infections. Eventually, in April 1721, she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated, because she believed that the rewards would outweigh th

14、e risks. After a safe time had passed following the inoculation, Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter.Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice. About 80 years later, a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpox completely. As early as last century, academic

15、s argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur. In truth, she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。三百年前，英国的Mary Wortley Montagu在土耳其目睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这种技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她冲破重重阻力，终于成功接种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。4What is the second paragraph main

16、ly about?AThe origin of smallpox inoculation.BMontagus first access to inoculation.CThe benefits from smallpox inoculation.DTurkish womens invention of inoculation.解析：选B段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲述了Montagu在土耳其目睹当地人预防天花的经过，故B项正确。5Montagu found it difficult to try inoculation in England because _.Ait was ag

17、ainst human natureBit might harm doctors interestsCit was beyond doctors abilitiesDit might shake some peoples belief解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，由无执照的业余人士进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难是因为这损害了当地医生的利益，故B项正确。6What led doctors in Britain to accept inoculation?AThe increased severity of smallpo

18、x infections.BA physicians discovery of smallpox vaccines.CThe result of Montagus daughters inoculation.DMontagus focus on its rewards rather than its risks.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu同意医生为她的女儿进行检查。再根据第五段首句可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种天花疫苗。据此可知，由于Montagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗，故英国医生开始接受这一尝试。故C项正确。7What mig

19、ht be the best title of the text?AAn Unsung HeroBNo Limit to CreationCDevelopment of VaccinesDA Historic Medical Innovation解析：选A标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了推动天花疫苗接种的先行者Montagu的故事。她勇敢地给她的女儿尝试接种并获得成功，从而使英国的医生逐渐接受了天花疫苗的接种。故A项最适合作为本文标题。.阅读七选五Excellence is a form of currency (通货). While a commitment to excellence can h

20、elp you gain true wealth and realize the inbuilt value of your potential, a lack of commitment devalues potential and reputation. If you are to become the person you meant to be on the day you were born, do whatever you do with all your might. _8_ If you accept being average and ordinary, life will

21、make you average and ordinary._9_ But it has everything to do with decision, commitment and action. And excellence is a destination for anyone who appreciates, respects, and demonstrates hard work and good judgement!We all have a range of career choices and opportunities. But we expand the range and

22、 quality of our choices when we practise excellence. _10_ So attempt to make every opportunity one of importance because every opportunity counts.What is considered excellent today will become the minimum cost of admission tomorrow. _11_ Obviously, the bar is constantly being raised. If you dont pro

23、duce excellent results consistently, someone else will.There is no mercy period for averageness, and you must have a zero tolerance policy for it. People expect the best. _12_ So never relax the rules of excellence. When you face quality, you suffer physical and emotional withdrawal from your goals.

24、 You should have the belief that the efficiency of your business and life are infinite (无限的), that everything can be improved upon, and that every project can be completed in an excellent fashion. Why? Because when it comes to excellence, everything counts!ABeing average is a choice.BYoure only as g

25、ood as your last performance.CIt creates confidence and enhances peace of mind.DAnd we reduce them when we accept being average.EIf they cant get it from you, theyll find it elsewhere.FYou will never live longer than its importance and usefulness.GBeing world-class has nothing to do with size, educa

26、tion, or bloodline.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了卓越的重要性，并介绍了追求卓越的方法。8选A根据空后一句可知，如果你接受普通和平凡，生活将会使你变得普通和平凡。这是对设空处的解释说明，故设空处的内容与“平凡”有关，A项中的average和设空后的“average and ordinary”相呼应。9选G空后的But表明设空处和空后一句之间是转折关系。G项中的“has nothing to do with .”和下文“has everything to do with .”形成对比。故选G项。10选D空后的So表明设空处和下文是因果关系，D项即是设空处后一句的原因

27、，同时D项中的them指代前面提到的“the range and quality of our choices”， reduce也与前面的expand形成对比。故选D项。11选B根据空后两句可知，显然，标准在不断提高。如果你不能持续创造出色的结果，其他人会。这说明只有不断提高，才能变得卓越。故选B项。12选E空后的So表明前后是因果关系，设空处强调原因，再结合空前一句(人们期盼最好的)可知，E项(如果人们无法从你身上获取最好的，他们就会另觅他处)符合语境。.完形填空The past 10 months has been the most influential months of my lif

28、e.As a junior, I left my comfortable home in Illinois and _13_ going to the Navajo Indian Reservation in Arizona. There I attended a local poorly-equipped school and _14_ for an adventure. I experienced so many _15_ when I arrived, fighting each day to _16_ in a new social environment overcoming rac

29、ial differences, handling social _17_ .During the summer vacation I _18_ to be a counselor (顾问) at an Easter Seals camp for people with _19_ needs who require assistance because of disabilities and improve their ability to do things alone. It was the most tiring work Id ever experienced but the most

30、 _20_. I knew that Id helped improve over 850 campers _21_.As the new school year began, our department had a renovation (翻新). I offered to help clean up all the _22_ books. Instead of recycling hundreds of those books, I _23_ the department that the books could serve a higher _24_. This simple act

31、resulted in an all-out book drive benefiting the schools in Arizona.The 10-month experience in Arizona _25_ me greatly. It made me become a person with patience, appreciation, determination, and _26_ enthusiasm. I trust that it is through enthusiasm, ideas and action that all changes can _27_.语篇解读：本

32、文是夹叙夹议文。作者离开家乡前往异地学习的经历让他收获了耐心、感恩、决心以及对生活的热情。13A.required BriskedCescaped Dconsidered解析：选B根据上文中的“left my comfortable home”及下文中的“an adventure”可知，作者离开舒适的家，踏上了前往纳瓦霍印第安人保留地的冒险旅途。risk“冒险”，符合语境。14A.settled on Bsettled backCsettled up Dsettled in解析：选D根据上文中的“There I attended a local poorly-equipped school”及

33、下文内容可知，作者在当地上了学，安顿了下来。settle in“安顿下来”，符合语境。15A.pleasures BwondersCblows Dburdens解析：选C根据下文中的“fighting each day”等信息可知，作者刚到纳瓦霍印第安人保留地时，经历了许多打击。blow在这里表示“打击，挫折”，属于“熟词生义”。16A.survive BsucceedCrecover Dreturn解析：选A根据上下文可知，此处指作者不得不每天为自己能在新的社会环境中生存下去而奋斗。survive“生存”，符合语境。17A.cases BcommunicationsCconflicts Dr

34、esponsibilities解析：选C根据上文中的“overcoming racial differences, handling social”可知，此处指除了要克服种族差异外，作者还需应对社会冲突。conflict“冲突”，符合语境。18A.promised BdecidedCafforded Dlearned解析：选B根据下文可知，作者决定去做夏令营顾问。decide“决定”，符合语境。19A.basic BnormalCspecial Dnatural解析：选C根据下文中的“who require assistance because of disabilities”可知，来参加夏令

35、营的人是有特殊需求的人。special“特殊的”，符合语境。20A.interesting BrewardingCdemanding Dappealing解析：选B根据下文中的“I knew that Id helped improve over 850 campers”及空前的“tiring”可知，此处指这是作者做过的最累人却最有意义的工作。rewarding“有意义的，值得做的”，符合语境。21A.patience BindependenceCintelligence Dconfidence解析：选B根据上文中的“their ability to do things alone”可知，作者

36、帮助那些参加夏令营的人变得更加独立。independence“独立”，符合语境。22A.unturned BvaluableCuseful Dunwanted解析：选D根据下文中的“recycling hundreds of those books”可知，新学年伊始，作者所在的系要翻新，作者主动提出帮忙把多余的书处理掉。unwanted“不需要的；多余的”，符合语境。23A.reminded BcomfortedCinformed Dconvinced解析：选D根据下文可知，作者使系里相信这些书可以有更重要的用途。convince“使相信”，符合语境。24A.plan BtargetCpurp

37、ose Dstandard解析：选C参见上题解析。purpose“用途”，符合语境。25A.transformed BdefeatedCtricked Dimpressed解析：选A根据下文中的“It made me .enthusiasm”可知，10个月的经历改变了作者。transform“使改变”，符合语境。26A.after all Babove allCat large Dat least解析：选B根据语境及下文中的“I trust that it is through enthusiasm”可知，10个月的经历让作者变得有耐心、懂得感恩、有决心，最重要的是，变得热情。above al

38、l“最重要的是，尤其是”，符合语境。27A.help BspreadCmatter Doccur解析：选D作者相信拥有了对生活的热情、想法以及付诸行动，所有改变都会出现。occur“发生；出现”，符合语境。.语法填空Genetic modification (基因改造) is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells.Genetically modified crops are plants with DNA _1_ has been modified using genetic engineering m

39、ethods. Valuable qualities are added to the crops, including _2_ (improve) production, better nutritional value and resistance to drought, frost, or pests.Genetically modified animals came later. In 1996, British scientists _3_ (clone) a sheep named Dolly. In 2012，_4_ (produce) milk that is more nut

40、ritious and will not make people allergic, a company in New Zealand engineered a cow.If you think the next thing on the way is _5_ (probable) genetically modifying human babies, youd be right. There is _6_ (increase) debate about“designer babies”， which are human babies that have been genetically mo

41、dified. Modifications can _7_ (do) to fix genetic defects (缺陷)，prevent life-threatening diseases, or produce desirable qualities.This technology leads to heated debate, because _8_ is the potential possibility of producing genetically modified “supermen”to replace modern humans. The US National Acad

42、emies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have released a report on the topic of genetic engineering in human babies. The _9_ (conclude) was that scientists should be allowed to modify the human DNA to prevent serious genetic diseases. But it recommends restricting genetic modifications to severe

43、 medical conditions for which no other treatment exists. It also appeals for international cooperation, which means someone must be responsible _10_ making sure all are following the rules.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。基因改造是一套用于改变细胞的基因组成的技术。本文介绍了基因改造的发展及其引起的争论等相关内容。1which/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先

44、行词 DNA，所以填which/that。2improved考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词production，表示已完成的动作，故用过去分词作定语，所以填improved。3cloned考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处应为句子谓语；根据时间状语 In 1996 可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，所以填cloned。4to produce考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，表示目的，故用不定式作目的状语，所以填to produce。5probably考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词形式作状语，所以填probably。6increasing考查非

45、谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词debate，表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词作定语，所以填increasing。7be done考查动词语态。分析句子结构可知，空处与can 构成句子的谓语，动词do和句子主语Modifications 构成被动关系，故用被动语态，所以填be done。8there考查固定句型。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处为there be 句型，表示“有”，所以填there。9conclusion考查名词。空处应用名词作主语，又与主句谓语was呼应，所以填conclusion。10for考查介词。be responsible for .是固定搭配，表示“对负责”

46、，所以填for。.应用文写作请根据以下信息，介绍一位传奇人物。姓名Marie Curie(Madame Curie)出生日期1867年11月7日出生地波兰一个知识分子家庭兴趣爱好自幼对物理及阅读很感兴趣性格特征意志坚强，有决心教育经历当时波兰不允许女子上大学，她去法国深造并获得物理学位人生态度弱者等待时机，强者创造时机主要成就发现镭，获得诺贝尔奖评价对科学界做出巨大贡献，被认为是最伟大的女性科学家之一参考范文：Born in an intellectual family in Poland on November 7,1867, Marie Curie, also known as Madam

47、e Curie, showed great interest in physics when she was young.Because of having no chance of being admitted to a university in Poland as a woman at that time, she went to France for further studies and received a degree in physics. In addition, Madame Curie held such an attitude towards life that the

48、 weak wait for opportunities while the strong create them.With strong will and great determination, Madame Curie achieved great success in discovering radium, which enabled her to win the Nobel Prize. It is because she has made great contributions to the world of science that she is regarded as one of the greatest female scientists on account of what she did.10