2019-2020学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修一寒假作业：UNIT 5 DISCOVERING USEFUL STRUCTURES .doc

1、Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking1、Many pictures have _ (base) on simple geometric designs.2、A botanist can tell apart _ (vary) of plants.3、He _ (regard) as an important figure in history.4、She struggled _ (bring) up a family alone.5、Now that we are all part of the _ (glob

2、e) village, everyone becomes a neighbour.6、Do you know the building _ _ is flying a red flag?7、He would never tell me the reason _ _ he was late.8、The age _ _ children can go to school is seven.9、The pencil _ _ he wrote was broken.10、The woman _ _ I learned the news is a nurse.11、 Every week in Chin

3、a, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero, which is a Chinese-style spelling bee (拼字大赛). In this challenge, young competitors must write Chinese characters by hand. To prepare for the competition, the competitors usually spend months

4、 studying dictionaries. Perhaps the shows popularity should not be a surprise. Along with gunpowder and paper, many Chinese people consider the creation of Chinese calligraphy to be one of their primary contributions to civilization. Unfortunately, all over the country, Chinese people are forgetting

5、 how to write their own language without computerized help. Software on smartphones and computers allows users to type in the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet. The correct character is chosen from a list. The result? Its possible to recognize characters without remembering how to wri

6、te them. But theres still hope for the paint brush. Chinas Education Ministry wants children to spend more time learning how to write.In one Beijing primary school we visited, students practice calligraphy every day inside a specially decorated classroom with traditional Chinese paintings hanging on

7、 the walls. Soft music plays as a group of six-year-olds dip brush pens into black ink. They look up at the blackboard often to study their teachers examples before carefully attempting to reproduce those characters on rice paper. If adults can survive without using handwriting, why bother to teach

8、it now? we ask the calligraphy teacher, Shen Bin. The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture, she reasons. Students must learn now so they dont forget when they grow up, says the teacher.1. What can we learn about the Character Hero?A. Its the most-viewed TV program in

9、China.B. Its open to people of all ages and all walks C. It draws great public attention across the country.D. It aims to spread Chinese culture to the world.2. Why are Chinese people forgetting how to write the characters?A. Because Chinese people are using the Latin alphabet instead of the charact

10、ers.B. Because Chinese people no longer use brush pens or practice calligraphy.C. Because Chinese people neednt write by hand as often with the help of technology.D. Because Chinese people dont refer to dictionaries very often.3. According to Shen Bin, being able to write characters by hand is _.A.

11、helpful to keep Chinese tradition and culture alive B. a requirement made by Chinas Education Ministry C. necessary for adults to survive in China D. an ability to be developed only when you are students4. Where does this text probably come from?A. A science report.B. A news report.C. Childrens lite

12、rature.D. An advertisement.12、Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent o

13、f each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewe

14、r in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as En

15、glish, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken

16、by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000 ; Africa 2, 400 ; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are sp

17、oken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction (消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wad

18、jigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.2. Which of the fol

19、lowing best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modem.3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6, 800. B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.13、Over 2,200 years ago, Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor

20、 in Chinese history, established (建立) the official Chinese writing characters. The new, characters made writing calligraphy _ (little)difficult. It allowed people to use characters with more straight strokes, thus _ (make) it easier to write with brushes. This _ (create) the clerical script (隶书). Ov

21、er time, other changes were also made, _ eventually led to the formation of the five styles in Chinese calligraphy. As _ result, calligraphy became _ (wide) accepted. Calligraphy also had its practical values because it was a good way to make friends and was more presentable as a gift rather than je

22、welry or money. Does calligraphy still have these practical functions now? Yes. Many people practice calligraphy as a way _ (raise) their cultural accomplishment (成就). Older people use calligraphic writing as a method to keep fit. They believe that when a person concentrates on _ (write) calligraphy

23、, his inner happiness is inspired. I had thought computer would lead to the _ (disappear) of Chinese calligraphy. Now I understand thats not likely to happen. How can you give your boss computer-printed calligraphy as a gift? You dont, _ you want him to fire you! 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：been based解析：考查语态。句意

24、: 许多画都是基于简单的几何图案。句子主语Many pictures和base之间是被动关系, 结合设空处前的have可知此处为现在完成时的被动语态。 2答案及解析：答案：varieties解析：考查固定搭配。句意: 植物学家能区分各种各样的植物。varieties of各种各样的。 3答案及解析：答案：was regarded解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意: 他被看作是历史上的一个重要人物。句子的主语He和regard之间是被动关系, 根据语境可知此处应用一般过去时, 故用一般过去时的被动语态。 4答案及解析：答案：to bring解析：考查固定搭配。句意: 她独自一人努力养活一家人。str

25、uggle to do sth.努力做某事。 5答案及解析：答案：global解析：考查形容词。句意: 既然我们都是地球村的一部分, 大家都成了邻居。设空处修饰名词village, 故填形容词global。 6答案及解析：答案：on which解析：句意:你认识顶上飘着红旗的大楼吗?表示在楼顶用介词on。 7答案及解析：答案：for which解析：句意:他不会告诉我他迟到的原因。表示出于原因用介词for。 8答案及解析：答案：at which解析：句意:孩子们上学的年龄是7岁。at the age of意为 在几岁时。 9答案及解析：答案：with which解析：句意:他用来写字的铅笔断了

26、。表示用要用介词with。 10答案及解析：答案：from whom解析：句意:我从她那里获得消息的那个女士是个护士,先行词是woman,表示从得知用learn from,所以填from whom。 11答案及解析：答案：CCAB解析：1.C推理判断题。结合第一段中的Every week in China, millions of people will sit in front of their TVs watching teenagers compete for the title Character Hero, which is a Chinese-style spelling bee

27、(拼字大赛) 。可知, 在中国, 每周数百万人坐在他们的电视机前看汉字拼写大赛, 由此可推断它在中国很吸引公众的注意, 故选C项。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的Software on smartphones and computers allows users to type in the basic sound of the word using the Latin alphabet. The correct character is chosen from a list. The result? Its possible to recognize characters without r

28、emembering how to write them.可知, 中国人忘记如何写汉字是因为在用手机和电脑打字时, 是用拉丁字母的拼音得出的汉字表来选择汉字的, 而不是用手书写。故选C项。3.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The ability to write characters is part of Chinese tradition and culture, she reasons. Students must learn now so they dont forget when they grow up, says the teacher.可知, 汉字书写能力是中华传统和文化的一部分

29、, 学生现在必须学会, 这样他们长大后才不会忘记, 故选A项。4.B推理判断题。本文由汉字拼写大赛的情况, 谈到中国汉字拼写的现状, 再提及文化传承的希望, 由此可推知本文来自一篇新闻报道。故选B。 12答案及解析：答案：BCB解析：1. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers.they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，在采猎文明时期，语言种类很多。2. C词义猜测题。根据上文提到的all have caused many langu

30、ages to disappear和下文的 .such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在取代那些语言。由此猜测该词的意思是占优势的，所以选C项。3. B细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages.和最后一句中的 .is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than

31、 that.可知，B项正确。 13答案及解析：答案：1. less2. making3. created4. which5. a6. widely7. to raise8. writing9. disappearance10. unless解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了秦始皇时期中国书法 的变革，最后文章指出练好书法的重要性。1. 考查比较级。根据句意可知，此处暗含了比较，所以用比较级。2. 考查非谓语动词。此处作结果状语，所以用动词-ing形式3. 考查时态。根据上下文可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时态。4. 考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，且空格处的关系代词指代前面所说的内容，故用which。5. 考查固定搭配。as a result是固定搭配，意为结果。6. 考查副词。此处表示书法被广泛接受。副词widely 修饰动词accepted。7. 考查非谓语动词。修饰抽象名词way要用动词不定式。8. 考查非谓语动词。concentrate on doing sth.意为集中精 力做某事。此处用动名词作介词on的宾语。9. 考查名词。 lead to中的to是介词，故其后用名词作它的宾语。10. 考查连词。根据语境除非你想让他开除你可知，应填 unless。