高考英语考点单元总结与拓展10.doc

1、一、单元考点提示1.重点单词fair armycareless refusesupport officerremove cross pretend engineerdesigner designmetal inkpot formunknown print steam pressmethod sheetdevelopment netlightly printingeveryday discribe2.重点短语to ones surprise 使吃惊的是call at 拜访（某地）look down upon 蔑视come out 出版；（花朵）开放throw away 扔掉at the same

2、 time 同时fishing net 鱼网3.重点句型 It seems thatIts adj. For/of sb.to do sth.Unless you tell me , I Im sure(that) The problem as that by the first centuryThe making of paper had been developen.That dosent sound likeIts believed that4.交际用语学习如何对某事表示肯定、否定或持怀疑态度的常用语：Im（not）sure/I believeI guess/I (dont)thinkI

3、n can believe that/ Thats not fair.I(dont)think so.5.语法掌握whose引导的定语从句的用法。二、考点精析与拓展1.“复合名词”变复数的几种形式(1)由man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时，两个成分都要变。如：a man doctormen doctors男医生a woman driverwomen drivers女司机(2)由“名词+名词”以及“动名词+名词”构成的复合名词，把复数词尾放在一个名词上。如：police officers 警官 boy-friends男朋友match-boxes火柴盒 flower shops花店fryin

4、g pans平底锅(3)由“名词+副词”构成的复合名词，把复数词尾放在名词上。如：passers-by过路人 lookers-on旁观者(4)由“家庭成员+in-law”构成的复合名词，复数形式放在第一个成分上。如：fathers-in-law（岳父） sisters-in-law（嫂嫂） sons-in-law（女婿）(5)复合名词中没有名词时，把复数词尾放在最后一个词上。如：go-betweens中间人，媒人 grown-ups成年人2.appear;seem;lookappear, seem, look都有“看起来似”之意，但其暗含意思和用法又各有不同。从意义上讲：(1)appear强调

5、外表给人的印象，有时含实质上并非如此的意思，如：He appears to know more than he really does。他看起来好像懂得很多。（其实懂得没有那么多）(2)seem暗示有一定根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实，如：His health seems to be better.他的健康状况似乎有所好转。(3)look着重由视觉得出的印象，如：He doesnt look his age.他看起来比实际年龄年轻（或老成）。从用法上讲：seem和appear后可加(to + be)+表语(adj.或n.或prep.)+to v.It + +(that)从句如：He seem

6、s/appears（to be）very sad today.=It seems that he is very sad today.It seems like years since I saw you last time.He seems a kind doctor.（=It seems that he is a kind doctor.）He seems/appears to have caught a cold.=It seems/appears that he has caught a cold.look当“看起来似乎”讲时，可接形容词、过去分词、名词、介词短语和as if从句。如：

7、He looks strong.She looks like her mother.It looks as if we are going to miss the train.3.动词不定式的省略为了避免重复，我们常常把作宾语、宾补和谓语动词的一部分的不定式省略，只保留动词不定式的符号to。现将常见省略不定式的几种情况通过实例加以简析，供大家参考：(1)How about coming to my house?Id love to if it doesnt give you so much trouble.在hope, like, love, promise, want, wish等词后作宾语

8、的不定式常省略。再如：You may go if you want to.She can get a job if she hopes to.How about going hunting with me tomorrow?Id like to, but I have no time.（2）Dont close the window until I ask you to.在allow, ask, tell 等词后作宾语补足语的不定式常省略。再如：Dont touch the light unless your mother allows you to.Dont plant potatoes u

9、ntil the peasant tells you to.（3）He didnt want to hand in his composition, but he had to.在be able to, be going to, have to, need to, enough to, used to等后的不定式需省略。再如：I dont sing much, now, but I used to a lot.If you dont want to say anything at the meeting, you dont need to.She didnt go out last night

10、, because she was afraid to.在afraid, glad, happy, pleased, sorry等词后作状语的不定式常省略。再如：Will you go with me to see the film tonight?Ill be glad to.4. at work; out of work; after work这三个以work为中心词的介词短语，在意思和用法上均不相同。(1)at work表示“在工作、在上班”，作表语或状语。例如：They are both at work today.今天他们俩都在上班。His father had an acciden

11、t at work last week.上周的父亲在工作时出了事故。(2)out of work表示“失业”，是介词短语，相当于lost ones job或be unemployed。例如：If you dont work hard, youll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就会失业。Youll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是迟到，你会失业的。(3)after work表示“下班后”，作时间状语。例如：What do you usually do after work?下班后你经常干什么？I visited Mr Li

12、u after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望过刘先生。5.to ones surprise表示“令人吃惊的是”，是介词短语。作结果状语或插入语，位于句首，其中ones 指形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，surprise前也可用形容词修饰。例如：To my great surprise, he passed the English examination.令我大为吃惊的是，他的英语考试极格了。To Mr Lins surprise, Miss Li alone got three gold medals.使林先生吃惊的是，李小姐一人得三块金牌。(2)in surprise表示“吃

13、惊地、惊奇地”，是介词短语，作程度状语，常位于谓语之后。例如：“How do you come to know it ?”Mr Zhao asked in surprise.赵先生惊奇地问：“你怎么知道的？”He shouted to us in surprise.他吃惊地向我们呼喊。(3)by surprise表示“出其不意、趁不防、突然”，是介词短语，作方式状语。例如：He took the dog by surprise. 他趁那条狗不防突然进行袭击。His visit took me by surprise.他的突然来访使我感到意外。6. promise sb. to do sth.a

14、llow/permit sb. to do sth.允许/答应某人做某事分析：二者的汉语意思一样。但用法有区别，请看例子：My father promised me to give up smoking. 我爸爸答应我戒烟。（是“爸爸”戒烟，而不是“我”戒烟。即：动词不定式是主语发出的动作）My father doesnt permit/allow me to smoke.我爸爸不允许我抽烟。在此结构中，动词不定式是宾语发出的动作。另外，两者的结构区别如下：promise to do sth.（后跟不定式）allow/permit doing sth.（后跟动名词）例：I promised t

15、o help him with his English.Drinking wine is not allowed /permitted in our school.7.lieliedliedlyinglielaylainlyinglaylaidlaidlaying分析：(1)lieliedliedlying意思是“说谎”。例：I have never lied in my life.Obviously he was lying.(2)lielaylainlying意思是：“躺、平放、卧”“位于”。例：The children lay on the grass, looking at the b

16、eautiful sky.The look is lying on the desk.(3)laylaidlaidlaying意思是“放置”“产（卵）”“下（蛋）”，lay是原形动词。例：She laid the baby gently down on the bed.The hen laid an egg yesterday.注意：lying既是“说谎”的现在分词，又是“躺、位于”的现在分词。lay既是“放置、产卵”“下蛋”的原形动词，又是“躺、位于”的过去式。8.this/that kind ofof this/that kind“这种”析：this/that kind of 后常用“单数

17、名词”；而of this/that kind前常用“复数名词”。即：this/that kind of+单数名词=复数名词+of this/that kind 例：This kind of car is made in China.（单数谓语动词）= Cars of this kind are made in China.（复数谓语动词）e outcome out是本单元需要掌握的一个重点词语，现在我们对它们的用法作一比较全面的了解。(1)come out(= be published)出来；出版Ill let you have a copy of my book as soon as it

18、comes out.我的书一出版我就送你一本。(2)come out (= to bloom)长出；发芽；开花；（使）开花；（使）繁盛Spring comes, the trees turn green and flowers come out.春天来了，树变绿了，花儿开了。(3)come out (= to appear)出现；出来Ever since then, the bat comes out only at night.从那时起，蝙幅只在晚上出来。(4)come out(= to win)获得（名次）I came out first in the examination.我考试得了第

19、一名。(5)come out(= to become known)传出，公之于众；（秘密）泄露The truth will come out some day.总有一天会真相大白的。(6)come out (= to be seen, as in a photograph)（在相片等中）显示；被看见Mary always comes out well in photos.玛丽总是很上相。(7)come out (= to be developed)冲印；冲洗The boss said that the photos had been come out for a long time.老板说照片

20、已经冲印出来很久了。(8)come out (= to be removed; disappear)去掉；消失Would you please help me to make the ink in my shirt come out?你能帮我把衬衣上的墨水渍去掉吗？(9)come out (to be on strike; to refuse to work)罢工The workers came out for a pay raise.工人们为增加工资而罢工。(10)come out (= to end in the stated way)后来发现；结果是The answer to the q

21、uestion came out wrong.这个问题的答案后来发现是错误的。(11)come out (= to express clearly)(意思)表达清楚The meaning of his speech did not come out well.他讲话的意思不很清楚。(12)come out (= to be counted)算出来；总计The total expense（花费）comes out at 5000 yuan.总开支达五千元。10.call 短语动词.call所构成的短语很多，现将在中学课上的常出现的由call所构成短语的意义和用法列出。(1)call at 指短期

22、访问某地：顺便去某处。We called at the park when we stayed in the city. 我们在那个城市时顺便去了那个公园。(2)call on的意思“正式拜访某人”；此外，它还有“号召”之意。如：They called on the famous scientist.他们拜访了那个著名科学家。The Party calls on us to learn from Comrade Lei Feng.党号召我们向雷锋同志学习。(3)call to“大声呼唤、招呼、呼求”。如：They called to us for help. 他们向我们呼求援助。(4)call

23、 for可作“要求、需要、提倡”，还可作“邀约”解。如：This is a problem that calls for immediate solution.这是个要求立即解决的问题。Ill call for you then and we go there together.到时我来叫你，我们一起去哪儿。(5)call in有“召来、召请、召进”之意。Youd better call in a doctor.你最好请一位医生来。(6)此外，call back有“叫回来、收回”之意；call off有“叫出去、叫走”之意；call after可作“追在后面叫喊”和“以某人的名字命名”之意。1

24、1.case用法小结(1)名词case的词意意为“情形、情况”。If thats the case, youll have to work much harder.如果是那种情形的话，你将不得不更加努力地工作。意为“病例、案例”。There were seven cases of cholera.有7起霍乱的病例。The civil case will be heard in court next week. 这一案件将于下星期审理。意为“箱、盒、容器”。John bought a case of beer.约翰买了一箱啤酒。(2)由case构成的短语in case意为“因为可能发生某事、以防

25、万一”，是介词短语，在句中作状语，常可置于句尾；也可用做连词，后跟that从句(that常省略)，表示条件或目的，从句谓语习惯用should+动词原形(should常省略)或陈述语气。It may rainyoud better take an umbrella(just)in case(it does).可能下雨你最好带把雨伞，以防万一。In case(=If)he arrives before I get back, please ask him to wait.如果他在我回来之前到，请让他等一下。He doesnt dare to leave the house in case(that

26、)he should be recognized.他不敢出门，生怕被认出来。in that case意为“既然那样、假若是那样的话”，用来承接上文。In that case, you wouldnt have a pan on fire. Youd have a house on fire！要是那样，你就不光使锅着火，你还会把房子烧起来。You dont like the job? In that case why dont you leave?你不喜欢这份工作？那你怎么不辞掉呢？He may be late. In that case we ought to wait for him.他可能

27、迟到，因此我们应该等他。in any case意为“无论如何、总之”。We have to help him to pay the debt in case.我们无论如何要帮他还债。in no case意为“在任何情形下决不、无论如何都不”，用于句首时句子要进行部分倒装。In no case shall I forget the expression on her face.我决不会忘记她脸上的表情。in case of sth.意为“若发生某事、如果、假如”，是短语介词，后接名词、代词、-ing形式作宾语。In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.遇火警时立即

28、按警铃。In case of rain（=In case it rains）,they cant go.要是下雨，他们就走不了了。In case of his being absent, well put off the meeting till next week.如果他缺席，我们就会把会议推迟到下周。in the case of意为“至于、就来说”，是短语介词。In the case of your debt, Ill pay it off for you.至于你的欠款，我会替你还清的。经典名题导解1. She pretended me when I passed by.A. not to

29、 see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not see分析 A。pretend后可接不定式，不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号to前加not。2.（NMET 1998）Nancy is not coming again.But she .A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised分析 B。对话的时间是现在，答应的时间在对话之前，所以用过去时态。3.Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I here.A. was

30、B. am coming C. came D. have been分析 D。表示第几次到某地要用现在完成时。4.(NMET 1998)Hi, Tracy, you look tired.I am tired. I the living-room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have b从题干中I am tired 和all day这时间状语来看，该空的时态应用现在完成进行时。5.（NMET 2000春）Youre drinking too much.Only at home. No one me but you.A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw分析 C。从句子意思可以判断，这里表示经常性的动作。所以用一般现在时。6.These kinds of shoes well. een painting D. have painted分析 C。A. were not sold B. wont sold C. are not sold D. dont sell分析 D。当sell表示“销路、行情好坏”时，不用被动语态。有类似用法的词还有cut, write, wash 等词，当它们表达特定含义时，只能用主动语态。