2022年高考英语一轮复习 语法专题7 非谓语动词课件 新人教版.pptx

1、语法专题七 非谓语动词-2-高考感悟考点归纳1.(2020全国,语篇填空)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.to find分析句子成分可知,这里用不定式短语做目的状语。2.(2020全国,语篇填空)They represent the earth(come)back to life and best wishes for new ing设空处做动词represent的宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。

2、3.(2019全国,语篇填空)Scientists have responded by(note)that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements,leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.noting所填的词位于介词by后面做宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。-3-高考感悟考点归纳4.(2019全国,语篇填空)When we got a call(say)she was short-listed,we though

3、t it was a joke.saying句中的谓语动词是got,所以say应该用非谓语动词形式,say和call有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式。5.(2018全国,语篇填空)You dont have to run fast or for long(see)the benefit.to see分析句子成分可知,所填的词是非谓语动词形式,做目的状语,故用动词不定式。6.(2018全国,语篇填空)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice(improve)water quality.to improv

4、e句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水质。此处是不定式做目的状语,故填to improve。-4-高考感悟考点归纳7.(2018全国,语篇填空)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _(challenge).challengedfeel为系动词,后面要接形容词做表语,故填challenged。8.(2017全国,语篇填空)This included digging up the road,(lay)the track and t

5、hen building a strong roof over the top.laying根据前面的digging和后面的building可知,这里用laying与之保持一致,做谓语动词included的宾语。9.(2017全国,语篇填空)But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term(rest).restingspend.(in)doing sth.“花费做某事”,为固定搭配。-5-高考感悟考点归纳10.(2017全国,语篇填空)But Sarah,who has taken part in

6、 shows along with top models,wants(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.to provewant to do sth.“想要做某事”,为固定短语,故用to prove。11.(2016全国,语篇填空)If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely(bring)your work home.to bring根据句式sb.be less likely to do sth.“某人不太可能做某事”可知此处要

7、用不定式。12.(2016全国,语篇填空)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal(create)special designs.to create分析句子结构可知此处应用动词不定式做目的状语。-6-高考感悟考点归纳13.(2016全国,语篇填空)People probably cooked their food in large pots,(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.using逗号前面是一个完整的句子且中间没有连词,因此该空格应该用非谓语动词做状语。句子的主语people与use之间是逻辑上的主

8、谓关系,故用动词-ing形式using做方式状语。14.(2016四川,语篇填空)For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something(eat)!to eat此处考查不定代词后跟动词不定式做后置定语。somethingto eat“吃的东西”。-7-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八-8-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying conn

9、ected.对那些同家庭成员相隔甚远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面起着重要的作用。The actor wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without being recognized.这位演员戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。-9-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经

10、完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。They worked day and night,sending supplies to the flood areas.他们夜以继日地工作,为洪灾地区发送物资。(虽然send动作已经完成,但相对于work来说却是同时发生的,不是发生在它之前,因此不能用having sent)-10-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八Having spent the past year as an exchange student in China,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.作为交换生在中国待了

11、一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在中国待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态)Im sorry to have kept you waiting long.对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起)There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(问题要被解决)在我们准备好长期待在月球上之前仍有许多问题要去解决。-11-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八2.being done所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。Being exposed to the sun

12、 for so long will do harm to our skin.暴露在阳光下很长时间会对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行)3.判断语态时学会找非谓语的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。The teacher came in,following our monitor.老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。-12-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八-13-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八-14-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八

13、After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,she went onto thank all the people who had helped in her career.获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,她接下来感谢了所有在事业上帮助过她的人。注意不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形式宾语。Its no use arguing with him.与他争吵没有用。I think it easy to have done so much in only one day.我认为仅在一天之内做这么多很容易。-15

14、-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;having done表示do的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用done,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用having been done。When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood

15、rooted to the ground,wondering whether to stay or leave.当这名职员看到一张和蔼的、带着歉意的笑纹的脸时,她站在那里不动了,不知道是该留下还是该离开。-16-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八The teachers stood there talking,surrounded by the students.老师们站在那里交谈,被学生围着。(The teachers 和talk之间为主动关系,The teachers和surround之间为被动关系)Having been shown around the lab,the visitors

16、went to the library.被带领参观完实验室后,参观者去了图书馆。(be shown around“被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作)Clearly and thoughtfully written,the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.这本书写得清晰有深度,它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。-17-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八(不强调write的动作先完成,只是强调the book和write之间为被动关系,也就是说这里的writ

17、e只表示被动,不表示完成)表示时间关系的非谓语动词(短语)可由连词when/while引导。While working,they listened to the songs.工作的时候,他们听着歌。-18-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八2.做目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式一般做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。不定式放在句首做状语,只表示目的;做结果状语时,表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词-ing形式不能表示目的,做结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与动词-ing形式是因果关系。T

18、o free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.要想把我们自己从身心紧张的状态下解脱出来,我们每个人都需要沉思以及内心的宁静。-19-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八3.要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。To improve English,his father bought him many books.()(improve的逻辑主语为he,而不是his father)Walking in the street

19、,a car knocked the boy down.()(walk的逻辑主语为the boy,而不是a car)4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面做原因状语或用于too.to do sth.,so.as to do sth.,enough.to do sth.等结构中做结果状语。I am happy to meet you here.我很高兴在这里遇到你。-20-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八5.独立成分做状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如considering.(鉴于/考虑到);generally speaking(一般来说);judging by/from.(从来看,

20、依据来判断);supposing that.(假如);providing that.(假如);owing to.(由于);speaking of.(谈及);given.(考虑到);provided that.(如果);to tell the truth(说实话);to be honest(老实说)等。Generally speaking,it is hot in summer in this area.一般来说,这个地区夏天很热。-21-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八-22-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八-23-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八注意find,leave(使处于某种状态),k

21、eep(使保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式做补足语,而不跟不定式。What you said left me thinking.你所说的令我思考。-24-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八1.不定式做定语不定式做定语可以表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时,一般用不定式做定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词后做定语;如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。The ai

22、rport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年要竣工的飞机场将有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。-25-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八He has a chance and has become the first to go abroad in our town.他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。He wanted to find a house to live in.他想找个房子居住。-26-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八2.动词-ing形式做定语当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间

23、为主动关系时,用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being done的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时,要用having been done的形式,having been done不做定语。动词-ing形式做定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式做定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.与以

24、前相比,如今天空中有更多的飞机来运送更多的乘客。The houses being built are for the students.正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。That is a smoking room.那是个吸烟室。-27-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八3.动词-ed形式做定语动词-ed形式做定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词-ed形式做定语表示被动和完成,少数不及物动词-ed形式做定语只表示完成,不表示被动。The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.这位退休工人正在扫路上的

25、落叶。-28-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语(名词或代词充当)和谓语(一般用非谓语动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语来充当),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”也是独立主格结构的一种形式。Much time spent sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.大部分时间都

26、坐在桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。The trees there are extremely tall,some measuring over 90 meters.那里的树非常高,有些高达90多米。With nothing to do,they went out for a walk.因无事可做,他们便出去散步了。-29-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八1.在“be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式”结构中,常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,saf

27、e,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中动词要用主动式,且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式。He is easy to get along with.他很容易相处。-30-高考感悟考点归纳一三二四五七六八2.不定式与疑问词连用时。I dont know what to do.我不知道做什么。3.某些动词(如blame/see

28、k/let)的不定式与be动词连用时。He is to blame for the accident.他应为此次事故负责任。-31-.单句填空1.The dancers incredible performance had the audience on its feet(clap)for 10 minutes at the end of the show.(2020天津,单项填空)clapping句意:那位舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演让观众们在表演结束时起立鼓掌十分钟。分析句子结构可知,动词-ing形式在此处做伴随状语表主动。2.(learn)to think critically is an

29、 important skill todays children will need for the future.(2019天津,单项填空)Learning句意:学会批判性思维是当今学生未来将会需要的一项重要技能。所填的词做主语,所以用动词-ing形式。-32-3.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially(design)to help them succeed academically and personally.(2019天津,单项填空)designed句意:大多数的大学现在都给大一新生开设专门设计的课程

30、来帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面都获得成功。design和course有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式做定语。4.Chinas image is improving steadily,with more countries(recognize)its role in international affairs.(2019江苏,单项填空)recognizing句意:中国的形象在稳步提升,越来越多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。这是一个“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,countries与recognize之间是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式做宾语补足语。-33-5.If the p

31、roject(complete)before the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.(2018天津耀华中学二模)to be completed从语境可以看出,如果建筑工程被耽搁的话,建筑公司将被罚款,所以工程应当是正在被建,将要被完成。所以要用动词不定式的被动式做定语。6.Hearing the news,I felt a great load(take)off my mind and everything got easier.(2018北京海淀高三年级期末测试)taken分析句子成分可

32、知,所填的词做宾语补足语。由于take和load有逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式。-34-7.We went to a fast food restaurant for dinner together.My husband went to the counter(order)dishes and I stood with my parents.(2018广东七校联合体第二次联考)to order句意:我的丈夫去柜台订餐,我和我的父母在一起站着。空处表示去柜台的目的,故用动词不定式。8.He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules w

33、ere set,(make)it easier for people to learn.(2017安徽合肥高三第一次教学质量检测)making动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词,故用动词-ing形式making在此处做状语。-35-9.Of course,(enjoy)a nice meal with friends,whatever we eat,can also impact our spirits.(2017湖南六校联盟高三联考)enjoying分析句子结构可知,此处为动词-ing形式短语在句中做主语。10.The easiest way(gain)respect is

34、 by giving respect.(2017江西南昌第一次模拟)to gain此处为不定式做后置定语,修饰名词way。11.Contests are generally limited to 15 minutes(avoid)putting too much pressure on the body.to avoid此处是动词不定式表示目的。12.They have fun(pet)the dogs and look forward to their visits.pettinghave fun(in)doing sth.表示“做某事有乐趣”,为固定搭配。-36-13.Dr.Barone

35、was kind and eased me into the process.She let me choose my sleep medicine,(make)sure that I was okay.makingmake和句子谓语动词let之间没有连词,且和句子主语She构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。14.Many people benefit from her new ways(invent)to fix birth defects of the head and face.inventedinvent和句子谓语动词benefit之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且空处和

36、其逻辑主语ways构成动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式做后置定语。15.The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already(lay)for a meal to be cooked.laid分析句子结构可知,逗号之后是一个独立主格结构。a diningtable与lay之间是被动关系,故用laid。-37-16.Listen!Do you hear someone(call)for help?calling此处表示听到某人正在做某事,故应为calling。句意:听!你听到外面有人在呼救了吗?17.The children wen

37、t home from the grammar school,their lessons for the day(finish).finished此处考查独立主格结构。their lessons与finish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应填finished。18.(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football player.Raised分析句子结构可知,所填部分在句中做状语,且raise与主语he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式。句意:他在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区被抚养

38、长大,成为足球运动员的道路漫长而艰辛。-38-19.Video games can be a poor influence if(leave)in the wrong hands.left分析句子结构可知,if引导的从句中没有主语,因此为省略结构,其逻辑主语为video games,video games和leave之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词left。句意:如果控制不当,电子游戏可能造成不良影响。-39-.单句改错1.68%of the students surveying have studying anxiety as well as poor eyesight.(2017江西南昌十校

39、高三第二次模拟)surveyingsurveyed本句的谓语动词是have,故students后应是分词做后置定语,因survey与students是被动关系,所以用过去分词。2.The boy brought his guitar to the stage,worn a fashionable hat.(2017湖南长沙高三统一模拟)wornwearingwear和The boy之间是主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做伴随状语。3.For one thing,Im willing to devote some of my spare time to serve others.serveserv

40、ingdevote.to.中的to是介词,后接动词-ing形式。-40-4.Dad thanked the driver and soon Dads friends came to our rescue,restart our car with new batteries.restartrestartingrestart和句子谓语动词came之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,restart和句子主语Dads friends之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做伴随状语。5.My parents went to the countryside to see my grandparents,

41、left me alone.leftleaving句意:我的父母去乡下看爷爷奶奶了,留下我一个人。分析句子结构并根据句意可知,此处为动词-ing形式做结果状语。6.Waved goodbye to them on the platform,I wished them a safe journey.WavedWaving分析该句结构可知,此处是做主句的伴随状语,表示两个动作同时发生,故用动词-ing形式。-41-7.We spent almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and swam in the blue sea.sw

42、amswimmingspend time doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“花时间做某事”,且由and前的sunbathing可知,此处应将swam改为swimming。8.Last week,there was a program calling“Learning to Respect Our Parents”in our school.callingcalled此处为非谓语动词做后置定语,因与program构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故改为called。9.Locating in Jiaxing,Zhejiang Province,it has a history of about 6,00

43、0 years.LocatingLocatedbe located in为固定搭配,故用动词-ed形式。-42-10.During the day,you can walk or sit on a boat to enjoying the natural scenery along the stream.删除to或enjoyingenjoy由句意可知,此处可以用动词-ing形式表示伴随,也可以用动词不定式表示目的。11.Last Friday,I was standing near a subway exit,tried to call a taxi.triedtryingtry与句子主语之间

44、是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式trying做伴随状语。12.They are like our parents,keep all of us safe.keepkeeping此处为分词做状语,因keep与其逻辑主语即句子主语They是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式。-43-13.A man answered it in an anxious voice.Heard that I had his wallet,he sighed with relief and told me he would return right away.HeardHearinghear和句子主语he构

45、成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。14.After I followed the advice giving by my teacher,I finally overcame my fear.(2019安徽巢湖一中模拟)givinggivenadvice和give之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式做后置定语。-44-.语篇填空One day a two-year-old boy was trying 1.remove a bottle of milk from the fridge when he lost his grasp on the bottle and it

46、fell,spilling(洒出)the milk all over the kitchen floor!2.(see)all this,his mother,rather than shouting at him 3.punishing him,said,“Robert,what a wonderful mess you have made!I have never seen such a huge pool of milk.Well,whenever we make a mess like this,we have to clean it up.So,how would you like

47、4.(do)that?We could use a towel or a cloth.Which do you prefer?”He chose the towel and together they cleaned up the spilled milk.-45-His mother then said,“Robert,what we have here is a(n)5._(fail)experiment in how to effectively carry a milk bottle with two little hands.Lets go out in the backyard a

48、nd fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way 6.(carry)it without dropping it.”The little boy learned that the bottle wouldnt drop if 7.(grasp)at the top near the lip.What a wonderful lesson!At that moment the little boy came 8.(understand)he didnt need to be afraid 9.make mistakes

49、.Instead,he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for 10.(learn)something new.Today,the boy is a famous scientist who has made several important medical breakthroughs.-46-1.totry to do sth.意为“努力、企图做某事”,是固定搭配。根据语境可知,这里指小男孩想从冰箱里拿牛奶,故此处用to。2.Seeing此处为动词-ing形式做状语,分词表示的动作与句子主语his mother是主动关系,故用Se

50、eing。3.or根据punishing可知,此处与shouting构成选择关系,故应用or。4.to dowould like to do sth.“想要做某事”,是固定搭配,故此处用todo。5.failed根据句意可知,他们已经尝试了一个失败的办法,故此处用动词-ed形式做定语,表示完成。6.to carry此处为不定式做后置定语,故用to carry。7.graspedgrasp与the bottle之间是被动关系,故用动词-ed形式grasped。-47-8.to understand此处用不定式的主动形式表示不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示动作的执行者。9.tobe afraid to

51、do sth.是固定短语,意为“害怕去做某事”,根据句意可知,此处指小男孩不必再害怕犯错误。10.learning此处for为介词,故用learning。-48-.短文改错(2018湖南三湘名校联考)I am really pleasing that you will come to our school to study Chinese.I think you would face some difficulties in your study because Chinese is not easy to learn.You will also suffer homesickness bec

52、ause of living far away from your country,and there is no need to feel worried.Our classmates are very friendly and easy-going,so itll be easy for you to get used to the life there.Ill introduce you to my family and friends,and you wont feel alone.Besides,itll also help me to learn Chinese and Chine

53、se culture.In the word,Ill try my best to make you feel at your home.Im looking forward to meet you.-49-50-1.pleasingpleasedpleasing“令人愉快的”,常用来修饰事物;pleased“高兴的”,常用来修饰人。2.wouldwill此处表示将要发生的动作,根据I think可知要用一般将来时。3.suffer后加fromsuffer from为固定搭配,表示“遭受”。4.andbut根据语意可知,上下文是转折关系,故把and改为but。5.therehere此处指代作者所在的地方,故把there改为here。6.alonelonely此处意为“你不会感到孤独的”。alone“单独的”;lonely“孤独的”。7.meyou此处指代对方,故把me改为you。8.theain a word为固定搭配,表示“总之”。9.去掉yourfeel at home为固定搭配,表示“不要拘束”。10.meetmeeting此处的to是介词,后接动词时要用-ing形式。