2022年高考英语一轮复习：英语语法中的12种时态讲义.docx

1、2022年高考英语一轮复习：英语语法中的12种时态讲义动词的变化例句：1. I always get up early 2. I got up early yesterday. 3. I will get up early tomorrow.英语中的动词会随着时间改变形态，即“时态”一般时(一般现在时） She writes novels.(一般过去时） She wrote a novel.(一般将来时） She will write a novel.进行时 (现在进行时） She is writing a novel.(过去进行时） She was writing a novel.(将来进行

2、时） She will be writing a novel.完成时 (现在完成时） She has written a novel.(过去完成时） She had written a novel.(将来完成时） She will have written a novel.完成进行时 (现在完成进行时）She has been writing a novel.(过去完成进行时）She had been writing a novel.(将来完成进行时）She will have been writing a novel.第一节 动词的变化一 be 动词，have ,do 的变化形式。原形现在式

3、第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词be am,areis was,werebeenbeinghave havehashadhadhavingdo dodoesdiddonedoing1. be 动词（现在式）的用法及意义主语be动词例句IamI am a teacher(我是一名老师）We, you,they 复数名词areWe are Chinese.(我们是中国人）He ,she, it 第三人称单数名词isShe is my student.(她是我的学生）Be 动词的意义 例句表“状态” Kelly is beautiful. Kelly很漂亮。表“存在” My mother is i

4、n the kitchen. 我妈妈在厨房。Be 动词（过去式）的用法Be 动词（现在式）Be 动词（过去式）例句Am, is was例1.I was a student .(我以前是学生。）例2. she was my student.(她曾是我的学生。）areWere Tom and John were in the classroom ( Tom 和John 刚刚在教室里。Be 动词的否定句及疑问句例1. You are a gifted student. 你是一位有天分的学生。否定句You are not a gifted student.You arent a gifted stud

5、ent.疑问句Are you a gifted student/答句 Yes, i amNo im not.例2. Mr Brown was in the playground.Brown先生刚才在操场上。（否定句）Mr Brown was not in the playground Mr Brown wasnt in the playground.疑问句 Was Mr. Brown in the playground?答句 Yes, he was.No , he wasnt 否定疑问句 Was Mr. Brown not in the playground?Wasnt Mr. Brown i

6、n the playground?答句 Yes, he was. No , he wasnt .Further study: S+be+not 的缩写式He is not = He isnt She is not= She isnt It is not =It isnt You are not = You arent We are not = We arent They are not = They arent二 动词的过去时态的变化规则变化 一般表示具体或抽象动作的实义动词，具有原形，过去式，过去分词三种形态，这种此行的更换称之为变化。而规则变化的过去式，过去分词皆在结尾有ed.原形变化规则

7、例词一般情况加edHelped,walked,played, laughed结尾有e加d Used, loved, smiled, hoped结尾辅音字母+y去y 加iedStudy-studiedCarry-carriedCry-criedTry-tried辅音+元音+辅音重复结尾字母加edNod-noddedStop-stoppedPlan-plannedStir-stirred! 结尾ed 的发音原形结尾： 尾音为清辅音ed/t/ 例句 asked/t/ washed /t/ 尾音为浊辅音ed/d/ 例句 rained/d/ opened/d/ 尾音为/t/ 或/d/ed/id/ 例句

8、needed/id/ wanted/id/不规则变化变化形式例词A-A-ACut-cut-cut put-put-put hit-hit-hit shut-shut-shutA-A-BBeat-beat-beaten(beat)A-B-ACome-came-come become- became-become run-ran-run Overcome-overcame-overcomeA-B-BLose-lost-lost Teach-taught-taughtSleep-slept-sleptPay-paid-paidA-B-CBegin-began-begunChoose-chose-ch

9、osenGo-went-goneGrow-grew-grown三 第三人称单数（现在式）的动词形式变化原形变化规则例词一般情况加s Knows,takes, speaks, lives词尾发音为/s/ /z/ / /t/ /d/加esMix-mixes wash-washesWatch-watches touch-touches词尾为辅音+o加esGo-goes do-does词尾为辅音+y去y 加iesStudy-studies try-triesCry-cries carry-carries！结尾s , es 的发音原形结尾 尾音为清辅音 /s/ 例如sit/s/ works/s/尾音为浊

10、辅音，元音-/z/ 例如lives/z/ goes/z/尾音为/s/ /z/ / / /t/ /d/-/iz/ 例如 passes/iz/ watches/iz/Say/sei/-says/sez/Do/du:/-does/dz/四 现在分词（v-ing） 的构成 原形变化规则例词一般情形加ingVisiting, happening,Offering,hurrying结尾字母e去e 加 ingGive-giving make-makingWrite-writing重音节为辅音+元音+辅音重复结尾字母加ingCut-cutting put-putting Begin-beginningSwim

11、-swimming结尾为ie 去ie 加y +ingDie-dying tie-tyingLie-lying Dye( 给.染色）-dyeing动词的时态表现一般现在时动词例句Be 动词I am good at English.(我擅长英语）You are famous in the school. 你在学校很有名。He is from Japan。 他来自日本haveI have some math questions.我有一些数学问题。He has a lot of foreign friends. 他有很多外国朋友。实义动词I do my homework every day.我每天都在

12、做作业。He does the work on Mondays.他星期一做这项工作。动词形式Be 动词： am / is / are一般动词：主语为第三人称单数，动词加s,es 或去y 加 ies 其他主语用原形动词。例1.I am in the library now. 我正在图书馆。You are in the library now.你现在在图书馆。He/she is in the library now.他/她现在在图书馆。例2。I live in an apartment 我住在公寓。You live in an apartment.你住在公寓。He/she lives in an

13、apartment. 他/她住在公寓。使用时机 Past present future表“ 现在的状态或动作”例1. The girl is ten years old. 这个女孩今年十岁。例2. I like mathematics. 我喜欢数学。表“ 现在习惯性的动作” 常搭配频度副词always, usually, often 等。例1. I usually go to school by bus. (我通常坐公交车上学）例2. Mary drinks coffee with both cream and sugar. Mary 喝咖啡要加奶和糖表“事实或不变的真理”例1. The ea

14、rth goes around the sun. 地球围绕着太阳旋转。例2. Two and three make（s） five. 二加三等于五。例3. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。一般过去时Be 动词 ： was/ were实义动词： 规则变化（结尾ed）或不规则变化。例1.He was a college student at that time. 他当时是一名大学生。例2. My father took me to the zoo yesterday. 我父亲昨天带我去了动物园。例3. She invited me to din

15、ner last Saturday.她上周六邀请我吃饭。使用时机过去时 现在时 将来时表“过去的状态或动作”例1. The store was full of young people this morning . 今天早上这家商店挤满年轻人。例2. He left for San Francisco the day before yesterday. 他前天前往旧金山。表“过去习惯或反复的动作”： 常搭配频度副词always, usually , often 等。例1. Her husband used to be a chain smoker, but he quit smoking a

16、few years ago.她的丈夫曾经是个老烟枪，但几年前他戒烟了。例2. In those days, this river overflowed almost every year.在那些日子里，这条河几乎每年都会泛滥。表“经验”： 常搭配ever , never Did you ever see pandas?你见过熊猫吗？No, I never saw pandas. 没， 我从未见过熊猫。No, I never did. 没，从来没有。No , Never.三 一般将来时1. 动词形式 （1） will/ shall + 原形动词（将要）第一人称第二人称第三人称肯定句I will/

17、 Shall.You will.He will.疑问句Will/Shall I.?Will you.?Will he.例1. My daughter will be twenty next year.我女儿明年二十岁。例2. I will/shall not be able to see her again.我将无法再见到她。例3. Will she succeed this time?她这次会成功吗？例4 Will you give me a cup of tea? Yea , with pleasure. Wont 你可以给我一杯茶吗？ 好的，乐意之至。例5 Will you tell m

18、e the way to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗？（2） be going to +原形动词Be going to 表“计划性的将来，或”预言实现性高的事物“。例1. The telephone is ringing。 电话响了。Ok ,ill answer it .好的，我来接。例2. What are your plans for tonight ? 你今晚的计划是什么？Im going to meet a friend for dinner.我要去和朋友碰面吃晚饭。例3. Its going to rain soon. 很快就要下雨了。（3） be about

19、to + 原形动词Be about to 表“即将发生的未来”意指“即将，快要”。例1. The plane is about to take off 飞机即将起飞。例2. He was about to step out when the telephone rang.当电话响起，他正要走出去。（4） be +to 原形动词Be + to 原形动词表“正式约定或按计划进行的”，有“打算要做，应该要”之意。例1. They are to be married next month.他们将在下个月结婚。例2. The president is to visit that country next

20、 week.总统将于下周访问该国。（5） be +ving 来去动词如come , go ,leave ,arrive ,start 等，可用现在进行时（am/ are /is + ving ） 代替将来时例 1. My best friend is starting her own software company,我最要好的朋友要创办她自己的软件公司。例2. The train is arriving in ten minutes.火车十分钟后抵达。使用时机过去时 现在时 将来时四现在进行时1. 动词形式Am/is /are + ving （现在分词）例1. The wind is blo

21、wing and the leaves are falling to the ground now .此刻风正在吹，叶子掉落到地面。例2. These days, i am eating a lot of vegetables.这几天，我吃很多蔬菜。使用时机过去时 现在时 （ 现在进行时） 将来时表示“正在进行的动作”例1。 What are you doing ?你在做什么？I am watching the baseball game on TV。我正在看电视上的棒球比赛。例2.What can i show you ?您要看什么（商品）吗？Thank you . Im just look

22、ing .谢谢。我只是随便看看。表“ 现阶段的反复动作”多半搭配always(总是），all the time ( 始终），constantly(经常）等副词。例1. He is always complaining.他总是抱怨个不停。例2.Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。表“未来”，用于来去动词。例1. John is visiting me this afternoon.John 今天下午来看我。例2. Im leaving Taipei for London tomorrow.我明天要离开台北去伦敦。表逐渐改变，用于连系动词。例1. The

23、 leaves are turning red.树叶变红了。例2.Its getting warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和了。！比较下列两句例1. You are naughty(你真顽皮。）例2. John, you are being naughty. 你又顽皮了，John)五 过去进行时1. 动词形式Was/ were+ ving （现在分词）例1. I was doing my homework then.那时我正在做作业。例2. They were always making jokes.他们总是开玩笑。使用时机过去时（过去进行时） 现在时 将来时表“ 过去某一时点

24、正在进行的动作”。例1. We were playing online games at six oclock that evening.那天晚上六点我们正在玩网络游戏。例2.When Dad came home , John was taking a bath.当爸爸回家时，John正在洗澡。表“过去反复出现或习惯性的动作”常搭配always(总是），constantly (经常）等副词。例1. Miss White was always finding fault with her pupils.White 小姐经常挑学生的毛病。例2. In those days, we were kee

25、ping early hours.在那些日子，我们都早睡早起。以过去某一时点为基准，表示要发生的动作。例， Because /As we were visiting them the next day, there was no need to mail the parcel.既然我们第二天打算拜访他们，就没有必要邮寄这个包裹了。将来进行时1. 动词形式Will(shall) +be + ving (现在分词）例1. We will be taking an exam at this time tomorrow.我们明天这个时候将参加考试。例2. I will be meeting him a

26、t the airport next week.我下周将在机场与他见面。使用时机过去时 现在时 将来时（将来进行时）表“未来某一时点正在进行的动作”例： I will be waiting for you at three oclock.我会在三点时等你。表“最近的将来预定要做的动作”例 Ill be visiting Egypt the day after tomorrow.Im visiting后天我打算去埃及玩。七 现在完成时1. 动词形式Have/has+ p.p.（过去分词）例1. I have finished my homework.我完成作业了。例2. Have you eve

27、r driven a car before?你以前开过车吗？例3. I have known home for ten years.我认识他十年了。使用时机过去时 现在时表“完成式记过”，常搭配always (已经）， just(刚刚）， yet (尚，还用于否定）等副词。例1. I have already spent all of my money.我已经花光了所有的钱。例2. My daughter has just bought a beautiful dress from one of the stores there.我女儿刚从那儿的一家商店买了一件漂亮的连衣裙。例3. We ha

28、vent discussed the matter in detail yet.我们还没有详细讨论过这个问题。例4. Have you written a letter to him this month?这个月你写信给他了吗？Not yet 还没。注意 现在完成时/一般过去时例1. He has lost his watch.他弄丢了手表。He lost his watch.他弄丢了手表例2. I have received this letter this morning . 我今天早上收到了这封信。I received this letter this morning .我今天早上收到了

29、这封信。表“经验”，常搭配ever(曾经），never(从未）, before(从前），sometimes(偶尔），times(次）等副词。例1. I have never heard such a funny story.我从来没有听过这么有趣的故事。例2. Have you ever been to Canada?Yes, Ive been there twice。 是的，我去过那里两次。No, Ive never been there. 不， 我从未去过那里。No , never 没有，从未。下列两短语的差异。 Have been to +地（表“经验”，曾经去过） Have gone

30、to +地（表“完成”，已经去了）例1. He has been to Taiwan. 他去过台湾。例2. He has gone to Taiwan 他去了台湾。！表经验，可用现在完成时或一般过去时例1. I have never been to such a beautiful island before.I never went to such a beautiful island before.我从未去过如此美丽的小岛。例2.Have you ever seen such a beautiful sunset?Did you ever see such a beautiful suns

31、et?你见过这么美丽的日落吗？表“持续” 常搭配since (从.起），for (延续）+ 时间等副词。例1. Tom has been ill in bed since last Tuesday.Tom自上周二起就卧病在床了。例2. We have become friends for five years.=Five years have passed since we became friends.=It has been /it is five years since we became friends.我们成为朋友已有五年了。例3. I havent seen you for a l

32、ong time .好久不见。例4. How long has she kept you waiting here ?她让你在这等多久了？For two hours. 两个小时。比较下列句子例1. He died three years ago.他三年前去世了。He has died.他已经去世了。He has died for three years.错误的，die 是一个瞬间动作，不可搭配持续动作，咽下最后一口气，这个动作就做完了。他已经去世三年了。He has been dead for three years. 他已经去世三年了。例2. Dad came home two hours

33、ago.两个小时前爸爸回家了。Dad has come home.爸爸回家了。Dad has come home for two hours 错误爸爸已回家两个小时了。Dad has been home for two hours.爸爸已回家两个小时了。比较下列两句例1. The wife has baked cookies since this morning .这位太太从今天早上开始就在烤饼干了。例2.The wife has been baking cookies since this morning .这位太太从今天早上开始就在烤饼干了。八 过去完成时1. 动词形式Had+p.p.(过

34、去分词）例1. The children had been outdoors until their mother came back.孩子们一直在户外，知道他们的母亲回来。例2. When i got to the station, the train had already started.当我到达车站时，火车已经开了。使用时机过去时 现在时表“过去某一时点完成的动作”例1. I had finished my breakfast when he came.他来的时候我已吃完早餐。例2. When i awoke, the sun had already risen.当我醒来时，太阳已经升

35、起。表“经验”例1. He knew the temple very well because he had been there several times.他很了解这座寺庙，因为他曾多次去过那里。例2. I had never spoken to a foreigner before i entered college.在我进入大学之前，我从未和外国人说过话。表“持续”例1. They had known each other for ten years when they got married.他们结婚时已经相识十年了。例2. The boy had stayed with us be

36、fore his mother took him home.在他的母亲带他回家之前，这个男孩和我们住在一起。比较下列两句例1. I had driven for two hours when i found the gas station.找到这个加油站之前，我已经开车两个小时了。例2. I had been driving for two hours when i found the gas station.找到这个加油站之前，我已经开车两小时了。Further study 未来完成时 / 未来完成进行时例1. My brother will have worked for this company for ten years next year. 我哥哥到明年就在这家公司上班满十年了。例2. He will have been playing baseball for twenty years next season. 到下个赛季他打棒球就满二十年了。第 15 页 共 15 页学科网（北京）股份有限公司