五年高考（2011-2015）英语试题分项精析版 专题18 完形填空之说明文类（解析版） WORD版含解析.doc

1、1.【2015重庆】BImagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28 , your body clock is confused. Youre sleepy all day, but when its time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 29 jet lag（时差反应）.Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. T

2、here are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31. For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological block to the destinations time. If its daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When its nighttime, try to sleep. In

3、that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and wakefulness.28. A. flightB. changeC. demandD. climate29. A. suffering fromB. working onC. looking intoD. leading to30. A. dangerB. problemC. waste D. fear31. A. b

4、rieflyB. slowlyC. suddenlyD. effectively32. A. checkingB. sendingC. adjustingD. stopping33. A. awakeB. aloneC. hungryD. calm34. A. thoughB. soC. whole D. or35. A. understandingB. cycleC. researchD. trend【考点定位】日常生活类短文【名师点睛】本篇完形从日常生活中的细节入手，根据常识能够得出答案如28，33空。29和31根据语境得出答案，做此类题目时，考生可以先根据选项来阅读文章，认真筛选甄别，这

5、样有的放矢，大大提高阅读的效率，不可盲目地跟着感觉来进行解读，文中的每句话都有其出现的意义，上下文的联系是十分重要的。2.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls

6、and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient peoples earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available i

7、n grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in peoples lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotiona

8、l state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: T

9、he truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each others individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they

10、 were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of

11、 attraction. Many animals give off pheromones natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62

12、as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of som

13、eone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The

14、way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D

15、. Otherwise52. A. romanticB. stressful C. centralD. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibilityD. principle54. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created55. A. appearancesB. virtuesC. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implicationsC. ingredients D. intentions57. A. predict B. in

16、vestigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. randomD. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistantD. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractivenessC. indi

17、viduality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintainD. assess65. A. familiar B. plain C. positiveD. irritating54.D 考查动词以及对语境的理解 tested 意为测试，imposed意为强加，changed意为改变，created 意为创造。根据本段的最后一句话“One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. 确定了一件事情是：爱的真理还不确定”可以知道科学家研究的是爱是否能够创造，而不

18、应该是测试，改变或者是强加。其中set in stone 就像中文里说的“板上钉钉”，表示绝对不变。55.C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 appearances意为外表，virtues意为美德，similarities意为相似，passions 意为激情。根据划线部分前面的连词but 可以判断前后是转折的意思，而opposites意为相反的，所以答案为相似的。56.C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 illustrations意为说明，implications意为含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响，ingredients意为成分，intentions 意为意图，目的。根据小标题First Imp

19、ression （第一印象）以及后面所描述的实验方法、内容和结果，可以知道实验的目的是决定吸引力的成分。57.A 考查动词以及对语境的理解 predict 意为预测，investigate意为调查，diagnose意为诊断， recall 意为回忆。根据58题后面的judgment (判断)，可以知道此处的答案应该是和判断同义的词。又根据该句后62.D 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 disappointed意为失望的，amazed意为惊奇的，confused 意为困惑的，gifted 意为有天赋的。根据In contrast（相反）以及后文“Although we may not be awar

20、e of chemicals 尽管我们没有意识到”， 结合上下文语境知道在这里表达人类没有像动物那么有天赋。63.B 考查名词以及对语境的理解 emotion意为情感，attractiveness 意为吸引力，individuality 意为个人的，signals意为信号。根据上一句话最后一个单词attractive，结合上下文知道此处的答案和这个单词attractive是同根重现，所以答案是attractiveness.64.D 考查动词以及对语境的理解 enhance意为加强，possess意为拥有，maintain意为维持， assess 意为评定。该句是本段的总结，前面提到的是研究者做

21、的吸引力实验，最后得出的结论就是我们评估吸引力的方法自动的。这是评估的方法，而不能是拥有，维持，或者是加强，所以答案为assess.65.C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 familiar意为熟悉，plain 意为普通的，positive意为积极的， irritating 意为无礼的。根据最后一句的表达“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 看一些吸引力的事情似乎能够导致快乐的思考。”不能得出答案的表达应该是一种快乐思考，所以答案为positive积极的。【考点定位】 这是一篇说明文，阐述什么是爱？【名师点睛】这是一

22、篇说明文，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项，尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方，如test, open, question。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系，如58题和59题；要关注小标题以及段落的开头和结尾。结合上下文，留意那些涉及到重现的题目。2014高考题【2014重庆卷】 B Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and 28_ them. Here are some

23、29_ on how to fit in.Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31_. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.”Wearing proper cloths is important too

24、, 32_ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33_, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.Also be cautious about expressing 34_. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35_ to kis

25、s in public. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction. A. but B. for C. so D. or. A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated. A. emotions B. concern C. interest

26、 D. views. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary【答案】CBDCBAAC考点：完形填空。2013【2013重庆卷】BIt is easy to overlook the role that your body plays in influencing your mood(情绪). When you are 49 , you may find yourself blaming work pressures or an unknown future. However, it could just be that youve be

27、en sitting behind your desk too long.One way to improve your mood is 50 . Psychologically, it provides you with a break from the stresses in your life. Also, in the process, you may aim for 51 goals, like a new personal running record or a better body shape. The achievement of a particular goal make

28、s you feel good and contributes to your 52 . That is why exercise has been shown to 53 your self-respect.You do not have to train yourself 54 to feel the psychological benefits of exercise. What really matters is 55 , not intensity(强度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times

29、per week or simply gardening on weekends.49. A. ill B. poorC.unhappyD.unsuccessful50. A. playB. communicationC.sleepD.exercise51. A. clearB. presentC.commonD.early52. A. abilityB. relationship C.confidenceD.business53. A. tear downB. build upC.set asideD.give out54. A. hardB. everywhere C.carefullyD

30、.late55. A. timeB. length C.form D.frequency【2013广东卷】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最学￥科￥网佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 , experiments show that many animal

31、s are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 .However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three.Another interesting experiment showed a birds 6 number sense. A man w

32、as trying to take a photo of a crow（乌鸦）that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 .He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow

33、stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.How good is a humans nu

34、mber sense? Its not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled.It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this

35、world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crows.1.A. riseB. patternC. changeD. trend2.A. Importantly B. SurprisinglyC. DisappointedlyD. Fortunately3.A. surviveB. careC. hatchD. notice4.A. generally B. sincerelyC. casuallyD. deliberately5A. distance B. rangeC. differentD. interval6A. ama

36、zing B. annoyingC. satisfyingD. disturbing7.A. relaxB. recover C. reactD. return8.A. appointmentB. excuseC. ideaD. explanation9.A. foolB. hurtC. catchD. kill10.A. reportedB. repeatedC. designedD. approved11.A. confusedB. goneC. tiredD. drunk12.A. graduallyB. luckilyC. strangelyD. finally13.A. single

37、B. smallC. localD. new14.A. seldomB. temporarilyC. merelyD. often15.A. sightB. natureC. abilityD. belief本解析为名师解析团队原创，授权独家使用，如有盗用，依法追责！【官方标准答案：】123456789101112131415A卷CBDACADCABBDBDCB卷ADBCACBACDDBDBA【文章出处：】出处1：www.math.wichita.edu/history/topics/snumbers.html 出处2：本解析为名师解析团队原创，授权独家使用，如有盗用，依法追责！【考点定位：】

38、考察六个动词，四个副词，二个形容词，三个名词其中运用重现策略解题的题目有七道题。分别是 3（原词重现），7（原词重现或反义重现），8（上下义重现），9（原词重现），11（同义重现）13（反义重现），15（原词重现）备考提示：副词这两年都考查了较多（往年要么一个或者没有），重现依然占有一定的比例。所以在平时的复习中选题或编题，应该按照这种情况作相应的调整。从AB卷的选项比例来看，各选项符合4:4:4:3。2012年（2012课标全国卷）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四学科网个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Body language is the quiet, secr

39、et and most powerful language of all! It speaks _36_ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more _37_ than we realize. In fact, nonverbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really _38_. And body language is particularly _39_ when we attempt to communicate across cul

40、tures. Indeed, what is called body language is so _40_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. _41_， different societies treat the _42_ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having _43_ contact (接触) even with friends

41、, and certainly not with _44_. People from Latin American countries, _45_， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, its possible that in _46_， it may look like a Latino is _47_ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving _48_. The Norwegian, very probabl

42、y seeing this as pushiness, will keep _49_ which the Latino will in return regard as _50_.Clearly, a great deal is going on when people _51_. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from _52_ cultures, theres a strong possibility of _53_ . But whatever the situation, t

43、he best _54_ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be _55_.36A.straighter Blouder CharderDfurther37A.sounds Binvitations Cfeelings Dmessages38A.hope Breceive Cdiscover Dmean39A.immediate Bmisleading Cimportant Ddifficult40A.well Bfar Cmuch Dlong41A.For example BThus CHowever

44、DIn short42A.trade Bdistance Cconnections Dgreetings43A.eye Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone44A.strangers Brelatives Cneighbours Denemies45A.in other words Bon the other hand Cin a similar way Dby all means46A.trouble Bconversation Csilence Dexperiment47A.disturbing Bhelping Cguiding Dfollowing48A.closer

45、Bfaster Cin Daway49A.stepping forward Bgoing on Cbacking away Dcoming out50A.weakness Bcarelessness Cfriendliness Dcoldness51A.talk Btravel Claugh Dthink52A.different BEuropean CLatino Drich53A.curiosity Bexcitement Cmisunderstanding Dnervousness54A.chance Btime Cresult Dadvice55A.noticed Btreated C

46、respected Dpleased2011年高考题1.（2011全国II）完形填空 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the _21_home from work in the evenings. A man will be_22_the newspaper, and seconds later it _23_ as if he is trying

47、 to _24_it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger_25_ next to him._26_ place where unplanned short sleep _27_ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so _28_that the professor has to ask another student to_29_ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing（尴尬）situation

48、occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the _30_ of the head pushes the arm off the_31_, and the movement carries the_32_ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no_33_ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when _34_ . Police reports are full of _35_ that o

49、ccur when people fall into sleep and go_36_ the road. If the drivers are _37_ , they are not seriously hurt. One womans car, _38_ , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of _39_ and thought it was raining. Whenpeople are really _40_，nothing will stop them from falling asleep-no matter where

50、they are.21. A. way B. track C. path D. road22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting26. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns28

51、. A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly29. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength31A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving35. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents36. A. up B. off C. along D. down37. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy21-25ADCBD 26-30 CACBC 31-35BCADD 36-40BADBA