初中英语语法系列---简单并列句.ppt

1、Good morning!句型第三讲：简单句并列句根据主谓结构的个数，划分：简单句（一个主谓结构）并列句（两个或者两个以上独立的主谓结构）简 单 句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子。其结构是：主语+谓语简单句的种类根据使用目的,句子可分为:陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句简单句的六种基本结构 主语不及物动词 主语系动词表语 主语及物动词宾语 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语（参见 P82 简单句的五种基本句型）There be 主语句型1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式。Girls and

2、 boys are going to Beijingtomorrow.但以下几种情况例外：(1).如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词。若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；Tea and milk is my favorite drink.奶茶是我最爱的饮料。This bread and butter is too thick.这块涂了黄油的面包太厚了。fish and chips 鱼炸薯条如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。(2)如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或事物，谓语动词要用单数。The

3、singer and dancer is a good student.这位歌舞演员是位好学生。(3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。Many a boy and many a girl has read that novel.2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。3.选择疑问句。4.反意疑问句。(1)陈述句+省略问句(2)祈使句+附加疑问句(3)反意疑问句的回答并 列 句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单

4、句常用的连词有：and,but,or，not only.but also,neither.nor,either.or(二)并列句的考点(1)并列连词的选用。(2)并列连词与从属连词的区别。并列连词:连接两个或两个以上地位平等的词,词组,分句或句子的连词。从属连词:连接两个或两个以上的分句(从属关系)，用来引导复杂句中的从属分句(名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句)的连词。并 列 连 词并列连词连接地位平等的词，短语或者句子。常见的并列连词有：(1)表并列关系的：and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor等。(2)表选择关系的：or,eitheror等。(3)表转

5、折关系的：but,while等。(4)表因果关系的：for,so等。就近一致原则在并列连词 either A or B(或者A或者B)，A or B(A或者B)，neither A nor B(既不是A也不是B),not only A but also B(不仅A而且B)，not A but B(不是A而是B),引导两个并列主语A和B：For example(例如)：Neither I nor he has finished the homework.谓语动词与靠近的名词、代词（B）在“人称、数”上一致。另外there be句型，谓语动词be也遵循就近一致原则。一、并列连词1.Mary lik

6、es music _Tom is found of sports.A.and B.but C.both A and B2.I failed again,_ I wont give up.A.and B.but C.so3.This is my first lesson,_ I dont know your names.A.and B.but C.soand:表对等 “和、并且”but:表转折 “但是”so:表因果 “所以”and,or,but,so 基本用法4.Which do you like better,apples,_ pears?A.and B.but C.or5.Now we ha

7、ve no time _ money.A.so B.and C.oror:1.用于疑问句,表选择：“或”2.用于否定句,表并列：“和”一、并列连词6.Try your best _ youll make more progress.A.and B.but C.or7.Dont lose heart,_ youll lose all.A.and B.so C.orand 和 or 都可以在祈使句中使用，区别如下：and：通常是比较好的结果;or：则表示不愉快或不理想的结果.and,or,but,so 基本用法一、并列连词8.Its getting warmer _ warmer.A.and B.

8、but C.or9.He or the twins _ the USA.A.comes from B.come from C.is from10.Not Tom but I _ going to give the talk.A.am B.is C.areadj.比+and+adj.比表示越来越A or B 和 not A but B 结构作主语时，谓语动词要使用就近原则。and,or,but,so 特殊用法一、并列连词12.Both Peter and I _ going to Guangzhou.A.are B.is C.am13.Either apples or rice _ Ok.I a

9、m hungry.A.are B.is C./14.Neither I nor my parents _ to tell you the truth.A.wants B.want C.is going to15.Not only I but also Jane _ sure that well win.A.is B.are C.ambothandeitherorneithernornot onlybut also以上结构做主语，除bothand 谓语要用复数外，其余都遵循谓语动词的就近一致原则。从属连词从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：(1)引导时间状语从句的:after,before,

10、when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的:if（如果）,unless,as long as 等。(3)引导原因状语从句的:because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的:so that,in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的:though,although,even if等。(6)引导结果状语从句的:so that,sothat,suchthat等。(7)引导比较状语从句的:than,asas等。(8)引导宾语从句的:that,if（是否）,whether等。主将从现原则（在时间状语从句&条件状

11、语从句中，如主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。）(1)引导时间状语从句的:after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as（一就）等。(2)引导条件状语从句的:if(如果),unless(除非),as long as(只要)等。不可同现原则Although（虽然）和 but（但是）不能同时出现同一简单句中。Because（因为）和 so（所以）不能同时出现同一简单句中。可以用although/though.yet 句型宾语从句的时态与语序1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。（应根据

12、实际情况而定）。2.主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时候，其宾语从句的时态一般要用任一适当的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时）。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。（主语+谓语）If 引导宾语从句时，时态也要看这两点1.Ill tell your father the truth as soon as he _ here.A.arrives B.arrived C.arrives at2.We dont know if he _ us for the picnic.Ill call you if he _.A.joins;comes B.will join;comes C.

13、will join;will come3.Nobody knows when the windows _.But Ill tell you when I _ the answer.A.broke;find out B.broken;will find out C.were broken;find out二、从属连词从属连词用来引导从句4.You wont understand until you _ him.A.meet B.meeting C.will meet5.You will fail in English _ you work hard.A.because B.unless C.if

14、6.Just because we are young,_ we should work even harder.A.so B./C.but7.It has been seven years since he _ here.A.left B.leaves C.leave见代词PPTit的特殊用法，6.自从以来，已经有（时间）了。It is/has been+时段+since+从句(过去时)8.The little boy _ when I came in.A.falls down B.fell down C.was fell down9.We were reading when the tea

15、cher _ in.A.came B.comes C.is coming 10.He became a doctor when he _the university.A.graduated from B.graduate from C.graduated for1.两个动作同时发生2.A动作在B动作延续的时间内发生3.A动作在B动作之后发生11.Tom works in a hospital _ Mary works in a company.A.because B.until C.while12.While his mother was washing,he _ his homework.A

16、.do B.did C.was doing 13.The little boy fell asleep while he _ the music.A.was listen B.was listening to C.listened to1.表示对比，“然而，而”2.表示“当的时候”。两个动词同时发生。必须使用延续性动词。14.Although I have passed the exam,_ I am not pleased with the result.A.and B.but C./although 和 but 不能同时出现。because 和 so 不能同时出现。【例1】Neither

17、he nor I_from Canada.We are from Australia.2002，山西A.isB.areC.amD.be 典型例题解析C【例2】There is a lot of_in the box.2002，吉林A.cakeB.bags of cakesC.milkD.bags of milk C1.We cant live_water.A.withB.hasC.haventD.without2.We must hurry，_we will be late for school.A.andB.orC.butD.if3._you_she are like English.A.B

18、oth.and B.Neither.norC.Either.or D.Not only.but also4.The number of the students_50.A.areB.amC.isD.have5.He was tired,_he still went on working.A.andB.butC.orD.also 课时训练(D)(B)(A)(C)(B)课时训练6._Lily_Lucy can go with you.Because one of them must look after their mother at home.A.Neither.nor B.Either.orC

19、.Both.and D.No tonly.but also7.Will you go and get some more_for the teacher?A.chalksB.piece of chalkC.pieces of chalk D.pieces of chalks8._is made of _.A.Glasses，glasses B.A glass，glassC.Glasses，glasses D.A glass，glasses9.We are very tired,we should have_rest.A.half an hour B.an hourC.half a hours

20、D.an hours10.I heard her_in the next room.A.singingB.sangC.go sing D.sing(B)(C)(A)(A)(A)11.I usually have breakfast at home._.A.So have I B.So do I C.I have so D.I do so12.Open the door，_?A.will you B.wont youC.dont you D.do you13.Sheep live on grass，_?A.doesnt it B.dont theyC.does it D.do they14.He

21、 found_interesting to learn English.A.itB.thisC.thatD.those15.Why_the information on the Internet.A.not search B.searchC.dont search D.do search 课时训练(B)(B)(B)(A)(A)16.You usually play football after school,dont you?_.But today I want to read English.A.Yes，I do B.No,I dontC.No,I dont D.No，I do17._goo

22、d weather it is today!A.HowB.How a C.WhatD.What a18.He hasnt finished the work yet,has he?_.He finished it yesterday.A.Yes,he has B.No,he hasntC.Yes,he hasnt D.No,he has19.I didnt finish my homework yesterday.He didnt finish his homework,_.A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.well20.Lets talk about the picture,_?A.

23、will you B.wont youC.shall we D.shant we 课时训练(A)(A)(A)(C)(C)21.Its a beautiful day._.A.so is it B.so it is C.so does it D.so it does22.There is going to _a sports meeting next week.A.haveB.hasC.holdD.be23._exciting the news is!A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How an24.The weather in Beijing is worse than _ in Nanjing.A.thatB.thoseC.itD.this25._TV is my mothers hobby.A.WatchB.WatchingC.SeeingD.See 课时训练BDACB