2020-2021学年英语外研版必修4学案：MODULE 1 SECTION Ⅰ　INTRODUCTION READING AND VOCABULARY WORD版含解析.doc

1、.重点单词1alternative adj.替换的；供选择的2crime n罪；罪行criminal n罪犯；犯人3prediction n预测predict vt.预测4risky adj.危险的；冒险的risk n& vt.冒险5load vt.装；装载unload vt.卸；卸载download vt.下载6arrest vt.逮捕；拘留7fire vt.开火；启动8limit n(常作复数)范围limited adj.有限的9outdoors adv.户外outdoor adj.户外的10command n& vt.命令；指令11charge n费用；价钱vt.要价；指控12power

2、 vt.供给动力n.权力powerful adj.强大的13switch n开关vi.交换；调换14disability n失去能力；伤残ability n能力able adj.能的unable adj.不能的15attach vt.系；贴；连接.重点短语1for sure 肯定地2run out 用完；耗尽3rely on 依靠4get rid of 除掉；处理掉5free of charge 免费6place orders 订购7carry out 执行8attach.to 把系到上9use up 用完10at the flick of 轻弹1risky adj.危险的；冒险的Doctor

3、s say its too risky to operate.医生说动手术风险太大。Life as an aid worker can be a risky business.救援人员的工作会有危险。risk nU，C风险，危险vt.冒危险at risk 在危险中at the risk of 冒着的危险risk doing sth. 冒险做某事risky 是由名词 risk 加上形容词后缀y 构成的形容词。类似的形容词再如 healthy (健康的)、lucky (幸运的)、hungry (饥饿的)、angry (生气的)。语法填空He risked losing (lose) his lif

4、e to save the drowning boy.His adventure was risky (risk)2alternative adj.替换的；供选择的nC可供选择的事物Have you any alternative suggestions?你有没有别的建议？If this plan is not accepted, we have an alternative plan.如果这个计划不被采纳，我们还有另一个计划。We took the alternative of walking.我们选择步行。We have no alternative but to fire Gibson.

5、我们别无他法，只有辞退吉布森。have no alternative but to do sth.除做外别无选择have no choice but to do 只有做，别无选择do nothing but do 除做外，什么也不能做cant (help/choose) but do 只有做；不得不做语法填空They had no alternative but to_leave (leave) the place.We can do nothing but give (give) up the plan.3arrest vt./n.U，C逮捕；拘留You could get arrested

6、 for doing that.你干那种事可能要遭逮捕。The police made several arrests during the football match.警方在足球赛时逮捕了好几个人。The young man was arrested for drunk driving.这个年轻人因醉酒驾驶而被捕。He was placed under arrest for murder.他因谋杀罪被逮捕。arrest sb. for sth. 因某事而逮捕某人place/put sb. under arrest 逮捕；拘留The police put the robber under a

7、rrest.4fire v开火；启动；解雇nC，U火；火灾Roy took careful aim and fired.罗伊仔细瞄准，然后开了火。The engine is only firing on three cylinders.这台发动机只有3个汽缸工作。Fired, he got angry with his boss and set his store on fire.被解雇后，他对老板怀恨在心，把老板的商店点着了。fire 的一词多义He got fired (fire) by the boss.5limit n常pl.范围；(to/on)界限vt.限制He knows his

8、own limits.他自知能力有限。Theres a limit on the time you have to take the test.这考试是有时间限制的。The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。set limits/a limit to 对加以限制within limits 适度地，节制地without limits 无限制地limited adj.有限的limitless adj.无限的They set a limit to driving (drive) their

9、cars.6outdoors adv.(在)户外He wants a job that will let him work outdoors.他希望得到一份户外工作。outdoor adj.户外的indoor adj.室内的The children love to play outdoors (outdoor)7command nC命令；指令；U指挥vt.命令Begin when I give the command.我一发出指令就开始。He felt fully in command of the situation.他觉得完全控制了局面。The officer commanded his

10、men to fire.军官命令士兵开火。注意：command 接 that 从句作宾语时，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should)动词原形”的形式。The General commanded that the army attack at once.将军下令军队立刻发起进攻。at ones command 听某人吩咐in command of 指挥；控制主语一般是人in the command of 由某人指挥/控制主语一般是物take command of sth.控制某事under the command of sb.under sb.s command 在某人的指挥下comma

11、nd sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事have a good command of 精通He has a good command of English.He commanded I (should)_obey (obey) the rule.8power vt.供给动力nU，C权力；力量The machine is powered by a gasoline engine.这台机器由汽油引擎提供动力。Atomic energy powers the submarine.原子能给该潜艇提供动力。He has been in power for seven years.他已经掌权7年了

12、。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。power, strengthpower主要指做一件事所依靠的能力、功能，人或机器等事物的力量、职权、权力。strength常指固有的潜力，着重指人的“力气”、物的“强度”。The president has a lot of power.这个会长权力很大。For a small woman she has surprising strength.她个子虽小，但力大惊人。President Xi Jinping came into power.9switch nC开关v交换；调换Which switch do I press to turn

13、 it on?我按哪个开关能把它打开？I am on duty tomorrow. Ive to switch with someone to go to your party.我明天值班。我得和别人换一下班才能去参加你们的聚会。Weve switched the meeting from Tuesday to Thursday.我们把会议从周二调到了周四。switch on 打开(灯、无线电等)switch off 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)switch over 切换；转变各种“开”“关”的译法：开/关门、窗等：open/close/shut the door/window开/关电

14、器(如收音机、电视、电灯等)：switch on/off the radio/TV/light开/关收音机/水/煤气：turn on/off the radio/water/gasHe switched on the TV and began to watch a live football match.At last their talk switched to football.He switched off the light and went to bed.10attach vt.系；贴；连接He attached labels to all his bags.他在所有的包上都贴上了标

15、签。She attached a stamp to the envelope and mailed it.她在信封上贴上邮票然后寄出去了。The research unit is attached to the university.这个研究单位附属于大学。be attached to 附属于；依恋于attach importance to sth.重视某事物；认为某事物很重要attach.to.把系在上This middle school is attached (attach) to Beijing university.We attach importance to protecting

16、 the environment.11load vt.装载nC负荷物，工作量It took an hour to load the van.把货物装进货车花了一个小时。They loaded her with gifts.他们送了她很多礼物。Sometimes I thought I couldnt stand this load any longer.有时我想自己可能再也承受不了这种负担了。Be careful! The gun is loaded.小心！枪上膛了。My work load has doubled since he left.自他走后，我的工作量加倍了。take a load

17、 off ones mind 使某人松口气；使某人卸下心理负担load.with.使负重unload v卸货；从上卸下来The good news took a load off my mind.1Dont forget to attach a label to the box while posting it.解析：句意：邮寄箱子时不要忘了在箱子上贴上标签。attach “系；贴；连接”，attach sth. to.意为“把某物系/贴/附在另一物上”。2The Chinese nation is a great nation. China will not attach itself to

18、 any big power.解析：句意：中华民族是一个伟大的民族。中国决不依附于任何大国。attach.to 意为“系/贴/附在上”，常指小的东西附着于大的东西上。3Im sure cars powered (power) by solar energy will be popular in the near future.解析：句意：我相信由太阳能提供动力的车在不久的将来会受到欢迎。cars与power之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语。4The police have been given special power to deal with this national affair

19、.解析：句意：警察已经获得了处理这一国事的特权。power “权力”。5If you switch the order of the two characters, you completely change its meaning.解析：句意：如果你调换这两个字的顺序，意思就完全变了。switch “交换；调换”。6Its getting dark；switch on the light.解析：句意：天要黑了，打开电灯。switch on “打开(灯、无线电等)”。7He fired the gun at the rabbit.解析：fire.at. 朝开枪。8Driving speed i

20、s at most 50 kph within the citys limits.解析：句意：在该城范围内，车速最高每小时50千米。limit 此处意为“范围”，用复数。9In autumn, farm workers spend most of their time outdoors (outdoor)解析：句意：在秋天，农场工人大部分时间都在户外。此处缺少一个副词，outdoors “在户外”。10Give your commands (command) in a loud, confident voice to the soldiers.解析：句意：向士兵发出你的命令，声音要洪亮、坚定。

21、command “命令；指令”。11My teacher commanded all the students to_go (go) out to the hills to plant trees on March 12th.解析：句意：3月12日老师让所有的学生外出到山上植树。command sb. to do sth.“命令某人做某事”。12Its too risky (risk) to perform an operation on him now because he is weak.解析：句意：现在对他进行手术太危险了，因为他身体虚弱。risky “危险的；冒险的”。13The bu

22、s has left. We had no alternative but to_find (find) a taxi.解析：句意：公交车走了。我们别无选择只好找出租车。alternative “替换的；供选择的”。14She was arrested (arrest) for helping the murderer to run away.解析：句意：她因为帮助凶手逃跑而被捕。arrest “逮捕；拘留”。15He has a good command of English idioms.解析：have a good command of 精通。16No sooner had his lu

23、ggage been loaded (load) than the jeep started off.解析：句意：他的行李刚一装上车，吉普车就开走了。load 装载。1for sure 肯定地；确切地One thing for sureits not going to be easy.有一点可以肯定事情不会那么容易。No one knows for sure what really happened.没有人确切地知道到底发生了什么事。be sure of/about sth.对某事确信/有把握be sure to do sth.一定要做某事，务必做某事make sure 确定，确信；查明，弄清

24、楚I dont know where he lives for sure.2run out (某物)用完；不多了；没有了Our food has run out.我们的食物吃光了。We must act now because time is running out.时间不多了，我们必须立即行动起来。Youd better go home before your money runs out.你最好别等钱花光再回家。run out (of)原义“(使)全流出来”，因而尤指汽油、墨水等用完。run out, run out ofrun out“被用完”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、

25、金钱等名词。run out of“用完”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。She has run out of all her money and her patience is also running out.她所有的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。Please lend me some money, for mine has run out.The car ran out of its gas on the way.3rely on/upon 依靠The villagers here rely on wells for their water.这儿的村民用水全靠井。As b

26、abies, we rely entirely on others for food.在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。Dont rely on going to India.不要对去印度抱有太大的希望。rely on sb. for sth.指望某人以得到某物rely on sb.依靠，依赖某人rely on sb. to do sth.指望某人做某事depend on 依靠，依赖，指望rely on it that.依赖；相信He always relies (rely) on his wife to do the household.He sat there and didnt walk

27、, relying (rely) on someone to come to help him.4get rid of 除掉；处理掉We got rid of all the old furniture.我们扔掉了所有的旧家具。This drug will get rid of the pain in your back.这种药物可以解除你的背痛。I want to get rid of all the old books on the shelf.5free of charge 免费The shop fixed my watch free of charge.那家店免费修好了我的手表。You

28、r order will be sent free of charge.你订的货物将免费运送。charge n. & v费用，负责；收费，指控，充电in charge of sth.负责某事in the charge of sb.由某人负责take charge of 负责charge sb. money for sth.为某事向某人收钱charge sb. with.指控某人Children can go to this park free of charge.Mr Wang is in charge of our plan.The company is in the charge of M

29、r Smith.6carry out 实行；执行They were only carrying out their orders.他们只不过在执行命令而已。We expect him to carry out his promises.我们期待他履行诺言。carry away 带走；使兴奋carry off 成功地完成(困难的事情)；获得(奖项)carry on (with) 继续做；坚持Who will carry out this tough task?7use up 用完Try not to use up the flour.别把所有的面粉都用完了。He has used up all

30、his strength.他已耗尽所有的体力。use up 中的 up 表示“完全；彻底”，类似的短语再如：drink up 喝光sell up 售完dry up 干涸注意：use up 可与 run out of 互换，而 be used up 可与 run out 互换。He used up all his oil.1By this time all his savings has been_used (use) up.解析：句意：到这时，他所有的存款已全部用完。use up “用完”，是及物动词短语，根据句意可知此处应用其被动语态。2In order to know the future

31、 sale of the product, they carried out a market survey.解析：句意：为了了解这一产品未来的销售情况，他们实施了一项市场调查。carry out “实行；执行”。3The product you buy from our shop shall be repaired free of charge if there is something wrong.解析：句意：如果从我们店里购买的商品出了毛病，可得到免费修理。free of charge 是固定搭配，意为“免费”。4There was nothing she could do but re

32、ly on other people to do what they could.解析：句意：她无计可施，只有依赖别人，让他们尽力而为。rely on “依靠”。5We have a fan in the kitchen to get rid of the smell of cooking.解析：句意：我们的厨房里有台风扇，用来消除油烟。get rid of “除掉；处理掉”。6I will never know for sure whether I was encouraging or discouraging my childrens interest in study by my exa

33、mple.解析：句意：我永远不能确切地知道自身的例子对孩子们在学习方面的兴趣是起了鼓励作用还是反作用。for sure “肯定地；确切地”。7Food stores may run out towards the end of the trip, so we cant waste any food.解析：句意：到旅行结束之时食物可能会吃光，所以我们千万不能浪费食物。run out “(某物)用完”。8His money is running out,_so he cant afford such an expensive present.解析：句意：他的钱快花光了，因此他买不起这么贵的礼物。r

34、un out “(某物)用完”，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。1To get rid of garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.为了清除垃圾，城市将用巨型宇宙飞船装载废弃物并把它们朝太阳发射，这样做防止了垃圾填埋和环境问题。分析：To make progress in English, she gets up before fiv

35、e every morning to read English texts.为了提高英语，她每天早晨五点之前起床读英语文章。A heavy storm hit my hometown, causing two deaths.一场大暴雨袭击了我的家乡，造成两人死亡。ving 作状语表示必然的结果，前面可加 thus (因此)；动词不定式作状语表示意外的结果，前面可加 only。例如：He was caught in rain, thus making him ill.他被雨淋了，结果生病了。He hurried to the station, only to find his friend ha

36、d left.他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现他的朋友已经离开了。The fire lasted two hours, causing (cause) a lot of damage.2Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live.每个人在出生时都会领到一个电话号码，无论他们生活在什么地方，这个号码都不会改变。分析：(1)此处主句用了一般将来时的被动语态的形式即 will be done。(2)no matter where they live 是让

37、步状语从句。(3)no matterwho, which, what, when, where, how 等只能引导让步状语从句，分别相当于 whoever, whichever, whatever, whenever, wherever, however，表示“无论”。其中，whoever, whichever, whatever 还可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等名词性从句。No matter what happened, he would not mind.(Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。No

38、 matter where you are, you should learn about the local customs.(Wherever you are, you should learn about the local customs.)不管你在哪儿，你都要了解当地的习俗。No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(Whoever you are, you must keep the law.)不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever comes 是 whoever 引导

39、的主语从句)不管谁来都受到欢迎。Whoever breaks the window has to pay for it.3Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away，with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.随着每个城市自己的远程手术门诊部的设立，医生将能够在几千英里以外实施手术，远程手术将会变得十分普通。分析：本句中，with each city having its

40、 own.属于“with/without宾语宾补”复合结构，在句中作状语。此结构中的宾语补足语常由形容词、副词、分词、不定式或介词短语充当。With the floor wet and dirty, we had to stay outside.由于地板又湿又脏，我们只好待在外面。The room was dark without the light on.灯没有亮，屋子里一片漆黑。He lay there，with his eyes looking at the ceiling.他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。With all his homework done, Tom went out to

41、 play football.所有的家庭作业都做完后，汤姆出去踢球了。With so much work to do, he had to stay at home.有这么多工作要做，他不得不待在家里。He sat there with a smile on his face.他微笑着坐在那儿。He had a rest in the shade with his horse tied (tie) to the tree.4.and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.并且只要轻轻按

42、一下开关就能够改变汽车的颜色。(1)句中it是形式主语，代替真正的不定式主语。Its important for us to master a foreign language.对于我们来说，掌握一门外语很重要。Its impossible to get there in time.不可能及时赶到那里。除了代替不定式外，it还可以代替动名词或从句作形式主语。Its no use shouting.喊也没有用。It appears that the two leaders are holding secret talks.看来两位领导正在进行密谈。(2)此句中的at意思为“一(就会发生)”at

43、the flick of一按。类似的短语还有：at the thought of一想到就；at the sight of一看到就； at the news of一听到的消息就They began to shoot at the sight of the enemy plane.一看见敌人的飞机他们就开始射击。The girl was shocked at the sight of the snake.小女孩一见到蛇吓坏了。It is necessary for me to inform him of the news.1With no rain for months and food supp

44、lies running (run) out, the situation there was getting from bad to worse.解析：分析句子结构可知此处是 with 复合结构中的非谓语动词作宾补，而 run out 是不及物动词短语，故用现在分词形式。2The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following (follow) them.解析：their pet dog与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作宾补。3To_stay (stay) wa

45、rm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.解析：动词不定式作目的状语。4Wherever/No_matter_where you go, keep safety in mind.解析：wherever/no matter where 无论哪里。.语法填空What will the city of the future look like? Two things are _1_ sure. One is that the cities are

46、 going to get bigger before they get smaller. The other is _2_ care for the environment will become very important as earths _3_ (nature) resources run out. However, there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. Here are some ideas that young people create：Everyone

47、will be given a telephone number _4_ birth that will never change no matter where they live. To get rid _5_ garbage problems, the city will load huge spaceships _6_ waste materials and send them towards the sun. Doctors can carry out _7_ (operate) from thousands of miles away while all forms of recr

48、eations will be provided free _8_ charge by the city. Common citizens will be able to travel in space and senior citizens and people with _9_ (disable) will be able to go anywhere to go on holidays using hightech cameras _10_ (attach) to their head.1for2.that3.natural4.at5.of6.with7.operations8of9.d

49、isabilities10.attached.单词拼写1Alternative (替换的) energy such as solar power will be made better use of.2Its hard for us to make predictions (预测) about our future.3I dont want to put all my money into the risky (冒险的) business.4Theres a possibility that well use up some natural resources (资源)5The truck l

50、oaded (装) with bricks turned over.6The man was arrested (逮捕) by the police because he stole a car yesterday.7His experience is very limited (有限的) for this job.8He complained that the shop assistant charged (要价) him too much for the bike.9The criminal (罪犯) was caught and put into prison the day before yesterday.10To be honest, a lot of people attach (重视) great importance to becoming rich.