2020-2021学年英语外研版必修4学案：MODULE 4 SECTION Ⅰ　INTRODUCTION READING AND VOCABULARY WORD版含解析.doc

1、Module 4 Great Scientists.重点单词1producer n生产者produce v生产production n产量2leading adj.主要的lead v带领；率领3educate vt.教育education n教育4agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的5original adj.原来的；最初的originally adv.最初，原先origin n起源，开端；出身，血统6support vt.& n支持supporter n支持者7convert vt.改变；转换conversion n转变；转换8export vt.出口imp

2、ort vt.进口.重点短语1bring up 培养，养育；吐出2be interested in 对感兴趣3the key to.的关键4experiment with 用做实验5search for 寻找，搜寻6bring in 引入，挣得7as a result of由于的结果8convert to.转变为9refer to 提及；查阅；涉及10react with 与发生反应1leading adj.主要的He was offered the leading role in the new TV series.他应邀在那部新电视连续剧中扮演主角。She is one of the le

3、ading writers of her day.她是她那个时代最重要的作家之一。 lead v领导；率领；指挥nU领导；领先地位take the lead 带头，领先 He took the lead in the activity.2figure nC人物；体形；图案；画像；数字He is an important political figure in Indian history.他是印度历史上一位重要的政治人物。Shes always had a good figure.她一向体态秀美。The wall was covered with figures of birds and fl

4、owers.墙上满是鸟和花的图形。The figure of the figures on show is 108.所展出的画像数目是108。图解figure的一词多义： put a figure on.准确说出的数额figure out 计算出 He didnt figure out why he was turned down.3educate vt.教育Its a difficult task to educate children.教育孩子是一项艰难的任务。He has been educated at college.他接受过大学教育。She was brought up by he

5、r grandmother and educated at the local school.她是由祖母抚养大的，在当地一所学校上的学。 education nU教育educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的educational adj.教育的；有教育意义的 He received his education (educate) in a local school.4original adj.原来的；最初的；新颖的；独特的The original owner of the house was Duke Wellington.这房子原来的主人是威灵顿公爵。Our original plan

6、 wasnt very good.我们最初的计划不太好。修饰 original 可以用副词 very, highly 等。Thats not a very original suggestion.那个建议没什么新意。origin nU，C起源；源头 He abandoned his original (origin) plan.5breakthrough nC(知识或技术领域的重大)突破An important breakthrough in medical research has been achieved.医学研究已取得了重大突破。China made a great breakthro

7、ugh in the Han Dynasty in printing.汉朝时中国在印刷术上取得重大突破。 break down 损坏breakdown n故障put out 生产；输出 output n产量；输出come out 出现；结果是 outcome n结果；后果 He made a breakthrough in his studies.6support vt./n.U，C支持；支撑They supported each other.他们互相支持。The government supported these organisations in raising money for the

8、 homeless.政府支持这些机构为无家可归的人筹集善款。The posts support the roof.这些柱子支撑着房顶。He spoke in support of the plan.他发言支持这项计划。 support sb. in (doing) sth.支持某人(做)某事in support of 支持 All of us are in support of your plan.7export v/n.C，U出口(商品)The United States exports soybeans.美国出口大豆。Wool is one of the major exports of

9、Australia.羊毛是澳大利亚的主要出口产品之一。飞机场(airport)又叫“航空港”。熟词airport生词port港口生词exportex(出)port v/n.出口(商品) Fresh fruit is one of their exports (export)8replace vt.取代；以代替Can anything replace a mothers love and care?有什么东西能取代母亲的爱与关怀吗？I replaced the wornout tires with/by new ones.我用新轮胎替换了磨损不堪的旧轮胎。 replace.with/by 以代替

10、/替换take the place of 代替take ones place 代替；就座in place of 代替(介词短语，后不接v.ing形式) He took the place of his boss while he was away.9quantity nU，C数量He bought a large quantity of books.他买了大量的书。She has quantities of beautiful clothes.她有许多漂亮的衣服。Its cheaper to buy goods in large quantities.大批量购货比较便宜。 a (large)

11、quantity of.(large) quantities of.许多；大量in quantityin large quantities 大量地large quantities of既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用复数。quantity, number, amountquantity指“数量”，与可数名词或不可数名词连用皆可。number指“数”，与可数名词连用。amount指“量”，与不可数名词连用。A quantity of water has been stored.已经存储了大量的水。A number of visitors have been there.那里已有大

12、量的游客。A large amount of money has been raised.已经筹集了大量的钱。 Large quantities of water are (be) needed.10convert vt.改变；转换The solar cell can convert the energy of sunlight into electric energy.太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。The room was converted from a sitting room to a bedroom.这个房间由客厅改装成了卧室。 convert sth.(from sth.)i

13、nto/to sth.把(从)转变为convert sb.from sth.to sth.使人改变，转变信仰My daughter has converted me from opera to pop music.我女儿使我从喜欢歌剧转而喜欢流行音乐。 They converted the old cinema into a theatre.1With the fast development of economy，a lot of farmlands were converted (convert) to industrial，residential or other uses.解析：con

14、vert 改变，转变。句意：随着经济的快速发展，大量农田被转化为工业、住宅或其他用地。2It just happens that we need a few salesmen now to replace (place) those who are on holiday.解析：句意：现在赶巧我们需要几位销售人员代替那些正在度假的。replace “取代；以代替”。3As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has (have) covered the land.解析：句意：由于森林被破坏，大片的沙漠覆盖了

15、田地。a large quantity of 后既可接可数名词的复数形式，也可接不可数名词；a quantity of.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。4I hope you will support me in my efforts to discover the truth.解析：句意：我希望在我努力寻找事情真相的时候，你可以支持我。support “支持”，support sb. in sth.“支持某人做某事”。5The fall in export (port) had a great effect on the countrys economy.解析：句意：出口量的下降对这个国家的经

16、济有很大的影响。export “出口”。6We have to say that the teacher has done his best to educate (education) and save him.解析：句意：我们不得不说老师对他的教育挽救可谓尽心尽力。educate “教育”。7His original (origin) name is different from this one now.解析：句意：他的原名不同于现在的这个。original “原来的；最初的”。8Scientists have made a major breakthrough (break) in t

17、he treatment of this disease.解析：句意：科学家在治疗这种疾病方面取得了重大突破。breakthrough “突破”。9Jim is active and he often plays a leading (lead) part in many kinds of activities in our class.解析：句意：吉姆非常积极，经常在我们班的各种活动中发挥主要作用。leading “主要的”。10As a leading figure in the field of science, Yang Zhenning attended the important

18、meeting.解析：句意：作为科学界的一个主要人物，杨振宁参加了那个重要的会议。figure 在此句中意为“人物”。1bring up 培养；养育；提出；拿出；呕吐In my day, children were brought up to respect the law.在我小的时候，孩子们都接受教育要遵守法律。He was brought up by his grandparents.他是由祖父母抚养大的。Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?你为什么非要提钱这个话题？He brought up all his dinner.

19、他把吃的饭全吐出来了。bring about 引导；导致；致使bring forward 提出bring in 产生；获利，赚钱，引进bring out 使显现；阐释；说明；出版bring down 降低 The film brought back my childhood when I could go out to play in the evening.He was brought up by his uncle after his parents died.He can bring in 5,000 yuan a month in that company.The government

20、 is taking measures to bring down the housing price.Her carelessness brought about the accident.2as a result of 由于的结果As a result of the flood, thousands of people lost their homes.由于洪灾，成千上万的人失去了家园。She won the scholarship as a result of her hard work.由于学习努力，她获得了奖学金。as a result, as a result ofas a res

21、ult意为“作为结果；因此”，后面的部分表示结果。as a result of意为“作为的结果；由于”，of 后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示原因。(a)The conditions were poor. As a result, a sitdown strike began.(b)A sitdown strike began as a result of the poor conditions.由于条件太差，结果发生了静坐罢工。 As a result of the traffic jam, he was late again.His carelessness resulted in the c

22、ar accident.The accident resulted from the fog.3the key to.的关键，的要点Thats the key to solving the problem.那是解决问题的关键。The weather holds the key to our success or failure.我们的成功与失败取决于天气。 the answer to the question 问题的答案the key to the door 门的钥匙notes to the text 课本注释an end to the meeting 会议的结束the entrance to

23、 the building 大厦的入口 The key to winning (win) the game is to team up.1The key to_winning (win) the game is your determination.解析：the key to doing sth.。2Brought (bring)up in a poor family, Alice studies very hard.解析：句意：爱丽丝成长在一个贫穷的家庭，她学习非常努力。bring up “培养；养育”，此处用其过去分词作状语，表示被动。3As a result of her hard wo

24、rk and much practice, Joan won the first place in the English speaking contest.解析：句意：由于她的努力训练，琼在英语演讲比赛中得了一等奖。as a result of “由于的结果”。4I was so careless in the exam.As a result, I made so many mistakes.解析：句意：考试时我太粗心了，结果犯了如此多的错误。as a result “因此”。1He thought that the key to feeding people was to have mo

25、re rice and to produce it more quickly.他认为养活世人的关键是更多更快地生产水稻。to have more rice and to produce it more quickly 是动词不定式作表语。His aim is to get the first place.他的目标是获得第一名。 My aim is to_win (win) the game.2Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.它的产量远高于巴基斯坦种植的其他种类的水

26、稻。(1)greater than the yield of other types 用比较级表示最高级含义。(2)grown in Pakistan 为过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句 which are grown in Pakistan。 用比较级形式表示最高级含义的几种形式：(1)比较级thanany other可数名词单数Jane is taller than any other girl in her class.简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。(2)比较级thanany of the other可数名词复数Jane is taller than any of the othe

27、r girls in her class.简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。(3)比较级thanall (the) other可数名词复数Jane is taller than all (the) other girls in her class.简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。(4)比较级thananyone elseJane is taller than anyone else in her class.简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。(5)比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词Jane is taller than the rest of girls in her

28、class.简比她们班里其他任何一个女孩都高。 He is younger (young) than me.3make宾语done 使被Helen had to shout above the sound of music to make herself heard.海伦不得不提高声音压过音乐以便让大家听到她说话。That foreign stranger had to explain once and again to make himself understood.那个外国人不得不一遍一遍地解释以便人们能够理解他的意思。 make sb. do sth.使某人做某事This boss ma

29、de his workers work all day but paid them poorly.这个老板让他的工人整天工作，但是给他们的报酬却很低。 He made his house repaired (repair) two days ago.1He was busy all the night to make the work finished (finish)解析：句意：他忙了一整晚，为了把工作做完。make the work finished “使工作被做完”。finished 是过去分词作 make 结构中的宾语补足语。2The boy runs faster than any

30、other boy in his class.解析：本题考查在同一范围之内比较应该用“比较级than any other单数名词”。3That is the only way we can imagine to_reduce (reduce) the overuse of water in students bathrooms.解析：the way to do sth.做的方法。4The key to winning the game is to_train (train) hard.解析：动词不定式作表语。.语法填空The Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping,

31、is a _1_ (lead) figure in the ricegrowing world.He was born and brought _2_ in China. _3_ a boy he was _4_ (educate) in many schools. He studied agriculture in college. As a young teacher he began _5_ (experiment) in crop breeding. He thought that the key to _6_ (feed) people was to have more rice a

32、nd to produce it more quickly.After many years hard work, he _7_ (produce) a new plant by _8_ (cross) different species of rice plant, which could give a higher yield than either of the _9_ (origin) plants. This breakthrough in rice breeding has made great contributions _10_ the world.1leading2.up3.

33、As4.educated5.experiments6feeding7.produced8.crossing9.original10.to.单词拼写1Since I was well educated (教育), I got a job working in an office.2Agriculture (农业) plays a very important part in the world.3According to Chinas 12th FiveYear Plan, improving food quality (质量) and ensuring food safety will con

34、tinue to be a major focus.4She supported (支持) her husband through many difficult times.5Weather plays an important part in agriculture (农业)6They have made a breakthrough (突破) in breeding the new plant.7Many fishermen on the seaside converted (转换) their houses into “family hotels”8George is a wellknown professor in our university. He has published (出版) several books.9People think farmers might find it difficult to export (出口) products from cloned animals.10Shopping online will never replace (代替) shopping from stores.