2020-2021学年英语新教材人教版必修第一册学案：UNIT 4 预习新知早知道 WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家.匹配词义()1.drought An.管子；管道()2.brick Bn.砖；砖块()3.metal Cn.飓风()4.context Dn.& v碰撞；撞击()5.crash En.上下文；语境()6.hurricaneFn.旱灾()7.pipe Gn.金属()8.sweep away H露天；在户外()9.in the open air I消灭；彻底消除()10.in ruins J严重受损；破败不堪答案15FBGED610CAIHJ.默写单词1disaster n灾难；灾害2rescue n& vt.营救；救援3damage vt.& n损害；损失4de

2、stroy vt.摧毁；毁灭5affect vt.影响；侵袭6electricity n电；电能7effort n努力；艰难的尝试8power n电力供应；能量9calm adj.冷静的 vt.使平静10deliver v递送；发表.语境填空flooded，waving，shelters，survive，shock，buried，trap，disasters，supplied，delivered1The persons in the earthquakestricken area are in need of food，medicine and shelters2How does the fa

3、mily survive on such a small monthly wage?3Latest reports say that mudslides buried the village.4After the woman heard that her husband was killed in the car accident，she went into shock5In order to catch the bear，some villagers set a trap and covered it with some leaves.6This is one of the worst di

4、sasters that hit the area.7He has supplied me with the necessary information.8Do you have your milk delivered to your house every day?9A man in the water was shouting and waving his arms around wildly.10Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.语法填空之派生词1They said they did not w

5、ant war, but if attacked they would fight to the death(dead)2I have dreams of this place and wonder what it would be like to breathe(breath) this air.3We all got shocked(shock) at the story.4The length(long) of a paragraph depends on the information.5He gave an example of bravery and wisdom(wise)6Al

6、an looked at him and said calmly(calm)，“I dont believe you.”7He has got a powerful(power) position in the government.8The medicine is effective(effect) to the patient.9He formed a habit of summarizing(summary) what he had learned.10He was the only survivor(survive) of the accident.1For several days，

7、the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.连续几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。2Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.坚硬的石山变成了泥土的河流。3But hope was not lost.但是希望尚存。4The city began to breathe again.这座城市又开始恢复生机。5In Sri Lanka，some 1，600 kilometres east of the quake centre，the number of deaths stood at

8、 2，498.在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498人词语助读northeastern/nistn/adj.东北部的；来自东北部的southwestern/sawestn/adj.西南部的；西南的well/wel/n.井rise/raIz/vi.上升；起床smelly/smelI/adj.有难闻气味的asleep/slip/ adj.睡着的(为表语形容词)fall asleep睡着fast/sound asleep熟睡as usual像通常一样shake/eIk/ v(shook，shaken)(使)颤动，摇动come to an end结束directly/drekt

9、lI/adv.恰好，正好地；径直；立即conj.一就directly below/ahead正下方/正前方deadly/dedlI/adj.(deadlier，deadliest)致命的；十足的，彻底的 adv.极其，非常more than超过；不仅仅；非常no more than仅仅；不超过waterway/wtweI/ n水路，航道landway/land route陆路air route航路in ruins严重受损；破败不堪ruin/ruIn/n.& vt.破坏；毁坏the number of.的数量。后跟可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。survivor/svaIv(r)

10、/n.幸存者；生还者survival/svaIvl/n.生存；幸存；存活gone/ n/ adj.不复存在；用完了；(人)离开了。为形容词化的过去分词，在句中常作表语。blow.away把吹走；把驱散railway track铁路轨道track n轨道；(人)踩出的小道；踪迹 v跟踪useless/jusls/ adj.没用的反义useful adj.有用的instead of代替，作为的替换(后跟名词、代词、v.ing)in shock震惊；吃惊(通常作表语)shock/k/n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊fall down倒塌；跌倒fall over跌倒electricity

11、/IlektrIstI/n.电；电能dig out挖掘出；找出，发现trap/trp/vt.(trapped，trapped)使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n险境；陷阱be trapped in.被困在中bury/berI/vt.埋葬；安葬be buried in.被埋于里面；埋头于medical care医疗护理breathe/bri/vi.& vt.呼吸breath/bre/n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气revive/rIvaIv/vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒revival/rIvaIvl/n.振兴；复苏on ones feet站着，站立tireless/taIls/adj.不知疲倦的，精力

12、充沛的tired adj.疲倦的，疲劳的effort/eft/n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力prove/pruv/vt.证明；证实linking verb后来被发现是，最终显现为in times of.在时候at times有时unify/junIfaI/vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体unified adj.统一的wisdom/wIzdm/n.智慧；才智rebuild/ribIld/vt.重建，重组文化采风唐山大地震1地震概况1976年7月28日03时42分53秒，中国河北省唐山丰南一带发生里氏7.8级地震，震中烈度11度、震源深度10余千米，地震持续约23秒。23秒钟后，唐山被夷为废墟。2抗

13、震精神一座城市的毁灭是可怕的，人的精神崩溃更为可怕。然而，唐山人民在灾难面前所表现出的“公而忘私，患难与共，百折不挠，勇往直前”的抗震精神，是震时及震后建设中支撑、激励、鼓舞和引导唐山人民最终战胜地震灾害、重建家园的精神力量。3地震影响世界各地的科学家纷纷来到唐山，依据这个天然“实验场”进行大量研究，使人类加深了对地球的认识，在防御地震灾难方面也迈出了一大步；在唐山抗震实践中，中国诞生了“地震社会学”，为解决全球城市化进程中面临的日益严峻的灾害问题，奠定了理论基础，提供了成功的防灾减灾范例。原文呈现THE NIGHT THE EARTHDIDNT SLEEPStrange things wer

14、e happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it1Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat2，and dogs ref

15、used to go inside buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide3，and fish jumped out of the water.At about 3：00 am., on 28 July 1976，bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that

16、 night.1“coming out of it”在此为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。gas与come之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。2此处为“too.to.”结构，表示“太而不能”。3“looking for places to hide”在此为现在分词短语作伴随状语，Mice与look for之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，“寻找”与“跑”同时进行。At 3：42 am.，everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！4Eleven kilometres directly below the ci

17、ty，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing 5Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it！A huge crack，eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide，cut across houses，roads，and waterways.Hard hills of rock be

18、came rivers of dirt.In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents6The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.4本句中as if引导表语从句，该从句使用了虚拟语气。5“a

19、quake that even caused.in Beijing”为“one of the most deadly earthquakes”的同位语，其中“that even caused.in Beijing”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a quake，that在从句中作主语。6此处为“leave宾语宾补”结构的被动形式。Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins.7Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the citys f

20、actories and buildings，90 percent of its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away.Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross8The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.Tens of thousands of cows，hundreds

21、 of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were in shockand then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.Even more buildings fell down.Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.People began to wonder how long the d

22、isaster would last97“Everywhere survivors looked”是地点状语从句。Everywhere既是地点副词，也作连词，引导地点状语从句。主句中用了“nothing but.”结构，but是介词，意为“除之外”；该结构后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式，如果nothing前面有实义动词do时，后跟的动词不定式要省略to。8此处是“主语beadj.(for sb.)不定式”句型，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。下文中的“Water，food，and electricity were hard to get”也属于此句型。9how在此作连接副词，引导宾语从句，同时作状

23、语修饰形容词long。But hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.10More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Hundreds of

24、thousands of people were helped.Water and food were brought into the city by train，truck，and plane.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.10本句中“to dig out.and to bury the dead”为两个并列的动词不定式作目的状语，其中who were trapped为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those；先行词为those且指人时，定语从句要用who引导。the dead表示“死者”，属于“theadj.”结构。Tangshan st

25、arted to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.The new city has become a home to more than seven million people，with great improvements in transportation，indus

26、try，and environment.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future1111本句使用了“prove to.that.”结构，that引导的宾语从句作prove的直接宾语；其中to stay positive为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰抽象名词wisdom。译文参考地球的不眠之夜河

27、北省东北部的乡村不断有怪事发生。连续几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。井壁上出现深深的裂缝，至少有一口井冒出难闻的气味。鸡，甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进圈舍里。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身，鱼儿跃出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，唐山市外的天空中闪现一道道亮光，伴有巨大的声响。然而，那天夜里，城里的100万居民还在像平日那样(安然地)睡着。凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方11千米处，20世纪最致命的一场地震已经爆发了，就连150千米以外的北京也遭受了此次地震带来的伤害，全国几乎三分之一的地方均有震感！一条长8千米，宽30米的巨大裂缝横穿

28、了房屋、道路和水路；坚硬的石山变成了泥土的河流；在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。三分之二的居民遇难或受伤，成千上万的儿童成了孤儿。这场地震造成40多万人遇难或重伤。幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟。城市的一切几乎都被摧毁了。城市里大约75%的工厂和建筑，90%的住宅，以及所有的医院都荡然无存了。残砖犹如秋日的红叶覆盖地面，但风吹不走它们。大部分桥梁坍塌或不能安全通行，铁轨沦为废铁。上万头牛、数十万头猪和几百万只鸡也死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们都很震惊然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震再次侵袭了唐山，更多的建筑倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难获得。人们不知道这场灾难将会持续多久。但是希望尚存。地震后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。上万名医生和护士赶来提供医疗护理。工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建起庇护所。数十万人获得了救助。火车、卡车和飞机将水和食物运入城中。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复生机。唐山开始复兴，重新振作起来。在政府的大力支持和人民坚持不懈的努力下，新的唐山从一片地震废墟当中屹然崛起。这座新城市容纳700多万人口，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大改善。唐山市向全中国乃至全世界证明，在灾难发生之际，人们必须团结一致，展现智慧，保持乐观，重建更光明的未来。- 9 - 版权所有高考资源网