2022版高三英语人教版一轮总复习培优练：必修第一册 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS WORD版含解析.doc

1、课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点描写say的高级表达一、多样表达1reply v.回答fail to reply 未作回答2mutter v. 咕哝speak in a mutter 嘀嘀咕咕轻声说话3exclaim v. (由于强烈的情感或痛苦而)惊叫，呼喊exclaim in/with delight 欢呼4yell v. 大喊；喊叫yell their goodbyes 他们大喊再见5state v. 陈述；说state his problem clearly 把他的问题叙述得很清楚6repeat v. 重复地说repeat that question 重复一下那个问题7whisper

2、v. 耳边轻语whisper a story 低声讲故事8boast v. 自吹自擂boast too much 大话说得太多9complain v. 抱怨have no reason to complain 没有理由抱怨10order v. 命令order silence 命令保持安静11declare v. 宣称declare peace 宣布和平12cry out/let out 喊出；发出二、佳句观摩1The porter replied，“Madam, please calm down.Im not a thief.”搬运工回答道：“女士请冷静，我不是小偷。”2“I am profi

3、cient in many languages，” he boasted.他自吹自擂/炫耀道：“我精通多国语言”。3“Im absolutely thrilled to have done what Ive done，”he declared.他宣称：“我为自己的所作所为感到兴奋不已。”4A mistake is a mistake.Dont try to explain it away.错了就是错了，不要辩解。5“Daddy, Im hungry，” Shawn repeated, not so much informing, but rather ordering.“爸爸，我饿了。”肖恩重

4、复着，更像是命令而不是告知。三、佳句仿写1He sat there shaking his head, muttering_to_himself他坐在那儿摇着头，小声地自言自语。2When she saw the snake, she let_out_a_cry_of_horror当她看见蛇，她吓得大叫一声。3“Cara, get up，” he whispered_in_my_ear“卡拉，起床，”他在我耳边轻语道。4We yelled_our_goodbyes as the bus left.汽车离开时我们大喊再见。5He declared_that_he_would_never_stea

5、l_again他声明他再也不偷窃了。.阅读理解A语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会社会生活商旅们在丝绸之路上可能面临的危险(2021广州市高三年级阶段考试)The Silk Road is arguably the most famous longdistance trade route of the ancient world. This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East，and allowed the exchange of goods，technology，and ideas between the two

6、 civilizations.Although merchants could make huge profits traveling on the road，it was not without risk.The main Silk Road started in Changan (known today as Xian)，the early Han Dynastys capital.Travelers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across

7、 Chinas northwestern provinces. After this，they would face the Gobi Desert，arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road.The Gobi Desert，the largest desert in Asia，consists mainly of rocky，hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders to travel across，compared to sandy deserts like the neighbo

8、ring Taklimakan Desert. Like other deserts，the Gobi Desert is dry and hot，and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.So，rest stops were created along the route，allowing travelers to rest，eat and drink. These places also p

9、romoted the exchange of goods，and even ideas，amongst the travelers who stopped there. Usually，the rest stops were placed within a days journey of each other. In this way，travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert，which would make them be targets for robbers，another danger of the Silk

10、 Road.Once through the Gobi Desert，travelers would continue their journey into Iran，Turkey，and finally Europe. While this part of the journey may have been less dangerous，it is not entirely without its peril.文章大意：丝绸之路作为古代应该是最出名的商道，它让商人们可以经此挣钱，但也伴随着种种风险。1The underlined word “it” in the first paragrap

11、h refers to “_”Amaking huge profitsBtraveling on the Silk RoadCexchanging goods and ideasDconnecting different civilizations解析：B考查代词指代。本句是一个主从复合句，前半句为让步状语从句，前后形成转折，表示尽管穿行丝绸之路的商人可以获得高收益，但这也不是没有危险的，且下文讲到的危险也都与行走在丝绸之路上相关，所以it指代的应该是“行走在丝绸之路上”，故选B。2Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deser

12、ts?ABecause the deserts surface was easier to walk on.BBecause camels for transportation were easier to find.C.Because it was smaller and could be crossed in less time.DBecause there were more natural water sources available.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The Gobi Desert，the largest desert in Asia，consists main

13、ly of rocky，hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders to travel across”可知，戈壁滩之所以较好穿越是由于其地面较为坚硬、好走，故选A。3What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert?AThey offered travelers free accommodation.BThey were located around the edges of the desert.CTravelers staying there were often

14、attacked by criminals.DThey were shared by travelers from different countries.解析：D考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“These places also promoted the exchange of goods，and even ideas，amongst the travelers who stopped there.”可推知，休息处接待来自不同国家的旅客，故选D。4What is the passage mainly about?AThe origins of the Silk Road.BThe benefi

15、ts of the Silk Road.CThe difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers.DThe cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers.解析：C考查主旨大意。根据文章结构可知，作者在第一段给出了中心句“Although merchants could make huge profits traveling on the road，it was not without risk.”，在中间几段讲述了商旅们在戈壁滩上面临的困难以及其他危险，最后一段再次强调即使过了戈壁滩，但还有其他危险等待着他们，故选

16、C。B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会社会生活荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司的碳补偿计划Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $300 million forestry program，at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset (碳补偿) plans to meet climate goals. The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to st

17、ore carbon，including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain，and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell，as well as a

18、way to meet its climate targets. “We believe that over time we will be building a business，because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited，” they said. Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint (碳排放量) by 2 to 3 percent in five years，which includes e

19、missions from the products it sells. The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects，then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products，or apply the credits to its own operations to lower its carbon footprint.Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and r

20、estoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon. However，the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics，as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor. Shells move has also been criticized by some environ

21、mentalists. They worried that there was a risk of “greenwash” when companies invested in forestry projects. “ There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not，”they said，pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation (滥伐森林) to another.Shell sa

22、id it would rely on the third party to ensure its forestry program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements. Mark Lewis，head of Climate Change Investment Research at BNP Paribas，said，“ Planting trees to offset emissions，as far as it goes，is a step in the right direc

23、tion.”文章大意：本文主要介绍了荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司在接下来三年的时间里，通过资金投入等措施，实施碳补偿计划的相关情况。5What is popular among oil companies these days?AStudying climate changes.BLaunching forestry programs.CWorking out carbon offset plans.DAttracting motorists to buy their petrol.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“an increasing number of oil companies

24、are putting money in carbon offset (碳补偿)plans to meet climate goals”可知，越来越多的石油公司把钱投在碳补偿计划上面，以实现气候目标。由此可知，当前制订自己的碳补偿计划在石油公司中盛行。故选C。6How will Shell make profits from its carbon offset projects?ABy quitting the emissions of its products.BBy reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter.CBy limiting the oi

25、l used by its own operations.DBy putting carbon credits it produces on the market.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects，then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products.lower its carbon footprint.”可知，壳牌公司计划从林业项目中获得碳信用额，然后将这

26、些信用额转售给购买其石油和天然气产品的客户，或者将这些信用额用于自己的业务，以降低其碳排放量。故选D。7What concerns some environmentalists about forestry projects?AThe projects cant really stop carbon emissions.BThe projects are hard to monitor in poor countries.CThe projects may lead to deforestation in other forests.DThe projects havent met stric

27、t biodiversity requirements.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation(滥伐森林)to another”可知，环保主义者担心石油公司在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。故选C。8What does the underlined word “greenwash” in Paragraph 3 mean?ADiscount.BCheat.CDecline.DChange.解析：B考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“as projects in

28、 developing countries can be hard to monitor”“There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not”“pointing out that.deforestation(滥伐森林)to another”可知，环保主义者对林业项目是否真的能降低碳排放存在很大的争议，他们担心在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。由此可推知，画线词的意思与B项的词义相近。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然环境保护如何养成环保的生活方式(20

29、21沈阳市高三质量监测)Leading a sustainable(不破坏环境的)lifestyle doesnt require you to have to make great changes to your home，and this kind of transformation doesnt have to be an exhausting exercise.1._ Here are three of them.2_ By using solar energy，you will make your home far more sustainable.So long as there

30、is the sun in the sky，the solar panels atop your house will catch the rays and then transform them into electricity.Make changes to your water drinking habits.Have you ever thought about how many singleuse plastic bottles you use a year？If you should ever perform such a count，youd find yourself well

31、 into three figures，or maybe even four.3._ To be truly sustainable，youve to change your water drinking habits.4_ More often than not，these types of straws are used only once before being got rid of and taking up valuable landfill space.Reduce your transport emission (排放).If you want to be a more sus

32、tainable traveller，you should seek to reduce the carbon emissions you produce by avoiding driving.Of course，avoiding motor vehicles entirely isnt always going to be a practical choice for you.Therere，however，still things you can do to be more sustainable.5._You have the power to make a sustainable c

33、hange to your lifestyletake the above advice and dont waste it.ATurn to solar energy.BAvoid wasting valuable resources.CThe best thing you can do is cycle，walk，or run.DTwo choices you have are sharing cars and taking public transport.ETherere many easy and simple things you can do to be more sustain

34、able.FAnother change you can make in this instance is to stop using plastic straws.GDrinking water like this might be quick，easy and convenient，but its not sustainable.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三条有助于养成环保的生活方式的建议，包括使用太阳能、改变饮水习惯以及减少交通工具的碳排放量。1解析：E根据空前的“this kind of transformation doesnt have to be an exhaust

35、ing exercise”可知，这种改变不一定是一项使人疲惫的活动，并结合空后一句表述的“这里是它们中的三个”以及下文表述的三个建议可知，E项与此处匹配。2解析：A根据空后的“By using solar energy，you will make your home far more sustainable.”可知，该段讲的是“使用太阳能”的建议，故A项符合语境。3解析：G该段主要谈论改变饮水的习惯，空前一句表述如果你数过数量，你会发现你一年中因饮水而用的一次性塑料瓶的数量能达到三位数，或者甚至可能是四位数，由此可知，空处应是对饮用塑料瓶装水的评价，故选G。4解析：F根据空后一句中的“thes

36、e types of straws”可知，F项“就这个情况而言，你可以做出的另一个改变是停止使用塑料吸管”符合语境。5解析：D该部分谈论的是在交通工具的碳排放量方面如何培养环保的生活方式，空前一句表述仍然有一些你能做的事情来使你的生活方式更加环保，D项中的“Two choices”与此处呼应，且整句话表述的内容与此段内容匹配，故选D项。.语法填空语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然人与动物杀戮动物等于扼杀人类的未来(2021武汉市高中质量检测)Today，many people are worried about endangered species.But isnt it just normal

37、for some animals to die out?The situation today is different from 1._of the past.In the past，animals died out over a long period of time. When animals died out in the past，it was usually because of the weather or other 2._(nature) causes.What is happening today is 3._(total) different.We are killing

38、 millions of species in a short time. The result is that we are killing our future，because so many species 4._(kill) in such a short time that even 5._ fittest cant survive. In fact，there wont be enough species to choose from.Without enough animals and plants，evolution cannot function and nature wil

39、l get 6._ (bad) instead of getting better.Many of the species 7._ (disappear) on earth are unknown and few people even know that they are dying out.These animals and plants started to live on earth long 8._us and we have no right to kill them. We may also need these species in the future. We must tr

40、y to keep the endangered species alive. If we allow these species 9._ (die) out，we are in fact becoming endangered 10._ (our).文章大意：如今，很多物种在很短的时间内就被杀害，这与过去的情形完全不同。很多物种对自然和人类都至关重要，我们不能任由它们灭绝。1解析：that考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空处作介词from的宾语，该句表示“如今的情形和过去的不同”，空处指代该句中的“The situation”，故用that。2解析：natural考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处

41、修饰名词“causes”，故用所给词的形容词形式。该句意为：在过去，动物灭绝通常是因为天气或其他自然原因。3解析：totally考查副词。副词修饰形容词，空处修饰形容词“different”，故用所给词的副词形式。4解析：are (being) killed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该从句的主语是“so many species”，谓语动词应用复数形式，和动词kill是被动关系，应用被动语态，又结合语境可知，此处叙述的为客观存在的情况或此刻正在进行的动作，表示“如此多的物种(正在)被杀死”，故用一般现在时的被动语态或现在进行时的被动语态，故填are(being) killed。5解析：t

42、he考查冠词。形容词的最高级形式前面用定冠词the。根据空后的形容词的最高级形式“fittest”可知，该处应用定冠词the。该句意为：结果是我们正在扼杀我们的未来，因为如此多的物种在如此短的时间内(正在)被杀死，即使是最健康的物种也无法生存。6解析：worse考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级形式“better”并结合语境可知，此处表示没有足够的动物和植物，进化就无法进行，大自然会变得更糟而不是更好。故填worse，表示“更糟”。7解析：disappearing考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，此处为分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词species，又该名词和动词disappear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给词的现在分词形式。8解析：before考查介词。根据该句中的“we have no right to kill them”和语境可知，这些动植物要比人类早很久就开始在地球上生活。故填before“在以前”。9解析：to die考查动词不定式。allow sb./sth.to do sth.为固定用法，表示“允许某人/某物做某事”。10解析：ourselves考查反身代词。根据该句主语we并结合语境可知，此处表示如果我们任由这些物种灭绝，我们自己实际上也正濒临灭绝。故用反身代词ourselves.8